@article {1314,
	title = {Effects of dung presence, dung amount and secondary dispersal by dung beetles on the fate of Micropholis guyanensis (Sapotaceae) seeds in Central Amazonia},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have copyand digital copy},
	pages = {61-78},
	keywords = {Amazonia, dung beetle, ecosystem services, function, regeneration mammals, seed dispersal, seed fate},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1346,
	title = {Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) copronecrofagos interesantes del Departamento de Rio San Juan, Nicaragua},
	journal = {Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia},
	volume = {55},
	number = {58},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {11-21},
	abstract = {Thirty-two species of copronecrophagous Scarabaeidae collected in different localities in the Río San Juan Department, Nicaragua, are listed in this paper. Fourteen species or subspecies are new for the fauna of Nicaragua and the majority of the remaining entities have not been reported till now for the RSJ: Dept.},
	keywords = {copronecrophagous Scarabaeidae, faunal list, Nicaragua},
	author = {Barbero, Enrico}
}
@article {1472,
	title = {Dung beetles as indicators of change in the forests of northern Borneo},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {445VUJ APPL ECOL},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {593-616},
	abstract = {1. We reviewed the use of dung beetles as indicators of environmental change, highlighting the influence of natural forest dynamics on species distributions in primary forest and suggesting new ways in which this can be used to understand and interpret the effects of disturbance such as logging. These ideas were applied to rainforest dung beetle communities in Sabah, Malaysia. 2. Dung beetle samples, using baited pitfall and flight intercept traps, were examined from primary, logged and plantation forests. Cluster analysis on dung beetle assemblages from primary forest samples showed clear species associations that had a high degree of fidelity to a particular biotope or vegetation type. Beetles were grouped into riverine- edge, riverine, interior-primary and {\textquoteright}even{\textquoteright} (equitable distribution between biotopes) associations. Although biotope- specific associations were spatially separate in primary forest, these associations overlapped at forest margins (riverine forest) and in logged forest (to form {\textquoteright}composite assemblages{\textquoteright}). 3. Species associations showed different responses to disturbance: the riverine association included many species that showed a positive response to at least some types of disturbance, whereas others were neutral or negative in response; the even association species were mostly neutral; the primary forest associations were almost entirely negative in response. 4. The greatest faunal similarities were found between logged forest and riverine assemblages. Diversity was lower in logged compared with primary forest, and the lowest species richness and diversity were recorded in plantation forest. Small-scale species richness in logged forest was generally higher than in individual transects from primary forest due to the presence of overlapping species ranges (composite assemblages) that were usually spatially separate in primary forest. Data suggested that increased species richness at a fine scale does not necessarily mean that species richness is greater at a larger scale, and that species mixing in derived ecosystems is dependent on the type of disturbance. Forest management should aim to minimize the mixing of the components of different biotopes, by implementing low impact (i.e. reduced-impact logging) harvesting techniques.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169479900009},
	author = {Davis, A. J. and Holloway, J. D. and Huijbregts, H. and Krikken, J. and Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. and Sutton, S. L.}
}
@article {1501,
	title = {Historical vs. ecological factors influencing global patterns of scarabaeine dung beetle diversity},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {161-174},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Scholtz, C. H.}
}
@article {1506,
	title = {Cladistic, phenetic and biogeographical analysis of the flightless dung beetle genus, Gyronotus van Lansberge (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), in threatened eastern Afrotropical forests},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1607-1625},
	author = {Davis, Adrian L. V. and Scholtz, Clarke H. and Harrison, James du G.}
}
@article {1513,
	title = {A new species and two subspecies of Copris from Mexico and Central America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Journal of the New York Entomological Society},
	volume = {109},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {344-353},
	abstract = {One new species of Copris Geoffroy with two subspecies is described from the mountains of Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador. Copris boucardi Harold is redescribed. Drawings of the dorsal habitus, pronotum and a distribution map are provided. },
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, Copris, new species, New World, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Delgado, Leonardo and Kohlmann, Bert}
}
@article {1564,
	title = {Costs and the diversification of exaggerated animal structures},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {291},
	year = {2001},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {1534-1536},
	abstract = {Sexual selection can favor production of extravagant ornaments and weapons in the contest for access to the opposite sex. Existing explanations for the diversity of sexually selected structures focus on reproductive benefits con- ferred by particular ornament or weapon morphologies. Here, I show that costs of weapon production also may drive patterns of weapon evolution. In beetles, production of horns reduces the size of neighboring morphological structures (antennae, eyes, or wings, depending on the location of the horns), and these tradeoffs reveal unexpected functional associations between ecology and horn morphology. This study illustrates a critical but overlooked role of costs in sexual selection and has implications for understanding the evolution of animal morphology.},
	author = {Emlen, Douglas J.}
}
@article {1703,
	title = {The insects of plant-held waters: a review and bibliography},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {241-260},
	abstract = { Phytotelmata habitats have been the focus of much research and are utilized by a wide variety of taxa. In the past 15 years numerous studies in many geographic regions and covering various types of phytotelmata have greatly increased our understanding of these unique habitats. The most recent summary of phytotelmata inhabitants included over 20 families of insects. A review of the literature and extensive work in lowland Ecuador shows the family level diversity is in fact at least twice that reported earlier. A reassessment of previous phytotel- mata classification schemes, as well as an extensive bibliography, is provided. },
	keywords = {aquatic insects, bract, bromeliads, Ecuador, phytotelmata, pitcher-plant, tree-holes},
	author = {Greeney, Harold F.}
}
@article {1766,
	title = {Stridulation in Aphodius dung beetles: behavioral context and intraspecific variability of song patterns in Aphodius ater (Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior},
	volume = {14},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {69-88},
	abstract = {Aphodius dung beetles produce substrate vibrations by means of an abdomino- alary stridulatory organ. Applying a method that allows the recording of Aphodius vibrations under natural conditions in a small amount of dung, the stridulatory behavior of Aphodius ater was investigated. Male A. ater are acoustically active, while females rarely stridulate. Males have a complex song, which consists of a series of different patterns that are displayed in a specific order over a considerable time when a female is encountered in the dung. Different populations show the same stridulatory patterns but individ- ual variability is high and males display songs with differing complexity. It is hypothesized that females use the information within the song in the context of mate choice.},
	keywords = {communication, geographic variability, mate choice, mating system, substrate vibration},
	author = {Hirschberger, Petra}
}
@article {1788,
	title = {Forecasting insect species richness scores in poorly surveyed territories: the case of the Portuguese dung beetles (Col. Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {10},
	number = {8},
	year = {2001},
	note = {457WMBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {1343-1367},
	abstract = {Large-scale biodiversity assessment of faunal distribution is needed in poorly sampled areas. In this paper, Scarabaeinae dung beetle species richness in Portugal is forecasted from a model built with a data set from areas identified as well sampled. Generalized linear models are used to relate the number of Scarabaeinae species in each Portuguese UTM 50 x 50 grid square with a set of 25 predictor variables (geographic, topographic, climatic and land cover) extracted from a geographic information system (GIS). Between-squares sampling effort unevenness, spatial autocorrelation of environmental data, non-linear relationships between variables and an assessment of the models{\textquoteright} predictive power, the main shortcomings in geographic species richness modelling, are addressed. This methodological approach has proved to be reliable and accurate enough in estimating species richness distribution, thus providing a tool to identify areas as potential targets for conservation policies in poorly inventoried countries.},
	keywords = {species richness sampling dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000170159900008},
	author = {Hortal, J. and Lobo, J. M. and Martin-Piera, F.}
}
@article {1800,
	title = {Change through time: a third survey of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) at the Welder Wildlife Refuge},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {55},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {356-362},
	abstract = {During May 1999, feces baited pit-fall traps were run at the Welder Wildlife Refuge near Sinton, Texas, duplicating, in part, earlier sur veys of 1974 {\textendash}75 and 1985. The results show a decline in the number of species of Scarabaeinae and a shift in species compo- sition. Possible explanations for the changes include vegetational-climatic differences over time and the recent increase in the number of the red imported fire ant. },
	author = {Howden, Henry F. and Howden, Anne}
}
@article {1808,
	title = {Food selection and reproductive success of Paragymnopleurus sinuatus on three kinds of dung},
	journal = {Formosan Entomology},
	volume = {21},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {329-337},
	abstract = {Dung beetles, using mammalian excrement as food, are important decomposers in ecosystems. The objectives of this study were to investigate the dung preferences of Paragymonpleurus sinuatus Oliver in both the field and laboratory, and to compare its reproductive success when using different kinds of dung. The results indicate that P. sinuatus prefers feeding on dung of humans and dogs, however it could reproduce successfully using all three kinds of dung (humans, dogs, and cattle). Moreover, given the same size of brood balls, offspring reared on human dung tended to be larger than those reared on the other two kinds of dung. In conclusion, P. sinuatus prefers feeding on dung of omnivorous mammals (humans and dogs) over herbivorous mammals (cattle). Additionally, both omnivore and herbivore dung can be used by P. sinuatus to reproduce successfully. },
	keywords = {dung beetle, food selection, Paragymonpleurus sinuatus, reproductive success},
	author = {Huang, Ming-Sue and Sheih, Bao-Sen and Liang, Shih-Hsiung}
}
@article {1832,
	title = {Effect of habitat transformation on dung beetle assemblages: A comparison between a South African nature reserve and neighboring farms},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {474-483},
	abstract = {The effect of habitat transformation on dung beetle assemblages in the north-western Free State was investigated by comparing the fauna of a nature reserve with that on neighboring farms. Dung beetle sampling was done in four different localities within two different habitat types, a grassveld area and a bushveld (savanna) area. In these two habitat types, dung beetle assemblages in Sandveld Nature Reserve (27[degree] 37{\textquoteright} S, 25[degree] 46{\textquoteright} E) and on farms were compared. Eighty-three species belonging to 26 genera were captured in the study area. Doube{\textquoteright}s classification was used to divide the dung beetles into functional groups according to the manner in which they use and disturb dung. The grassveld habitats were dominated by larger dung beetles belonging to functional groups I and II, whereas in the bushveld habitats smaller dung beetles belonging to functional groups IV and V were dominant. There were definite habitat preferences, with the larger dung beetles belonging to functional group I and II preferring the grassveld habitats and having higher abundance in the natural rather than the disturbed habitats. The smaller dung beetles, belonging to functional group V, preferred the bushveld habitats. The better competitors (the larger dung beetles) occurred more abundantly in the grassveld habitats and also more abundantly in the natural grassveld habitat than in the disturbed habitat. None of the indices measuring species richness nor dominance showed significant differences between the four habitats. The dung beetle assemblages in all four habitats showed a log series pattern, with high abundance of a few dominant, highly effective competitors and a large number of {\textquoteright}rare{\textquoteright} species, which were assumed to be less effective competitors. This does not, however, imply that the dung beetles were similarly affected by the different habitats, because the biomass of dung beetles was higher in the grassveld than the bushveld habitats and also higher in the natural habitats. A change in vegetational ground cover caused by overgrazing and trampling has a greater effect on the larger, more effective competitors in the assemblage, whereas the smaller less effective competitors do not seem to be affected by this change.},
	keywords = {agriculture, COLEOPTERA, community structure, habitat, matrix, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Jankielsohn, A. and Scholtz, C. H. and Louw, S. V. D. M.}
}
@article {1839,
	title = {Pollination by monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini): do color and dark centers of flowers influence alighting behavior?},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {5},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {861-868},
	abstract = {Monkey beetles (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Hopliini) visit mostly unscented {\ss}owers with conspicuous dark center patterns that have been suggested to mimic resting beetles. Field observations in South Africa showed that monkey beetles are the primary pollen vectors of the dark-centered {\ss}owers of Ixia dubia Vent. (Iridaceae) and Spiloxene capensis (L.) Garside (Hypoxi- daceae), and the dark-centered {\ss}owerheads of Gazania pectinata (Thunb.) Spreng. (Asteraceae). Monkey beetles used the {\ss}owers of these species as mating rendezvous sites and consequently showed a signi{\TH}cant clumped distribution in {\ss}owers. We used model {\ss}owers approximating the study species to determine which traits are important for eliciting alighting behavior in monkey beetles. Contrary to expectations, beetles did not signi{\TH}cantly prefer dark-centered to plain models in 7 of 8 independent experiments, nor did beetles discriminate signi{\TH}cantly between plain models and models with male or female beetles glued to their surface. However, beetles did show a strong preference for orange over red, yellow, and blue models. The results of this study indicate that alighting behavior of monkey beetles is in{\ss}uenced primarily by {\ss}ower color rather than {\ss}ower patterning or presence of other beetles. },
	keywords = {foraging behavior, Hopliinae, insect vision, mimicry, plant-pollinator interactions},
	author = {Johnson, Steven D. and Midgley, Jeremy J.}
}
@article {1842,
	title = {Pastagens no Brasil: Situação Atual e Perspectivas},
	journal = {Pre{\c c}os Agr{\'\i}colas},
	volume = {Janeiro/Fe},
	year = {2001},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {3-7},
	keywords = {brazil, dung beetle, economic potential, extensive, function, pasture, service, tropical},
	author = {Júnior, Geraldo Bueno Martha and Corsi, Moacyr}
}
@article {1871,
	title = {Effects of Macrocheles mites on longevity of males of the dimorphic dung beetle Onthophagus binodis},
	journal = {Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {254},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {441-445},
	abstract = {In this study we tested the nature of the phoretic relationship between the cosmopolitan mite Macrocheles merdarius and the dimorphic dung beetle Onthophagus binodis. We observed and experimentally manipulated the number of mites on individual beetles and tested how mite infestation affects male longevity. There was a significant effect of mites on male longevity: males in our mites-added treatment died on average 15 days earlier than males in our mites-removed treatment. Interestingly, the number of mites on males was significantly repeatable suggesting that individuals may differ in their susceptibility to infestation. Major males had more mites on them than minor males, and the proportion of mites on minor males was negatively density dependent.},
	keywords = {Acarina-: Chelicerata-, Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-, Cheli, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Invertebrata-, Macrocheles-merdarius (Acarina-), Onthophagus-binodis (Coleoptera-): male-, Parasitology-},
	author = {Kotiaho, Janne S. and Simmons, Leigh W.}
}
@article {1872,
	title = {Towards a resolution of the lek paradox},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {410},
	number = {6829},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Times Cited: 14Cited Reference Count: 30Cited References:      ALATALO RV, 1998, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V265, P2297     ANDERSSON M, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P804     ANDERSSON M, 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION     ARNOLD SJ, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P709     BORGIA G, 1979, SEXUAL SELECTION REP, P19     CUNNINGHAM EJA, 2000, NATURE, V404, P74     DAVID P, 2000, NATURE, V406, P186     FALCONER DS, 1989, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G     FISHER RA, 1958, GENETICAL THEORY NAT     GIL D, 1999, SCIENCE, V286, P126     GRIFFITH SC, 1999, NATURE, V400, P358     HOULE D, 1992, GENETICS, V130, P195     HUNT J, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P109     JAKOB EM, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P61     JOHNSTONE RA, 1995, BIOL REV, V70, P1     KIRKPATRICK M, 1991, NATURE, V350, P33     KOTIAHO JS, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V48, P188     KOTIAHO JS, 1999, OIKOS, V87, P399     MERILA J, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P465     MERILA J, 1999, GENET RES, V73, P165     MOLLER AP, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P85     POMIANKOWSKI A, 1988, OXFORD SURV EVOL BIO, V5, P136     POMIANKOWSKI A, 1995, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V260, P21     ROFF D, 1997, EVOLUTIONARY QUANTIT     ROWE L, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P1415     SCHLUTER D, 1988, EVOLUTION, V42, P849     SHELDON BC, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P297     SHELDON BC, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P397     TAYLOR PD, 1982, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V22, P392     WILKINSON GS, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P1685EnglishArticle418DJNATURE},
	month = {Apr 5},
	pages = {684-686},
	abstract = {Genetic benefits in the shape of {\textquoteright}good genes{\textquoteright} have been invoked to explain costly female choice in the absence of direct fitness benefits(1-3). Little genetic variance in fitness traits is expected, however, because directional selection tends to drive beneficial alleles to fixation(4-6). There seems to be little potential, therefore, for female choice to result in genetic benefits, giving rise to the {\textquoteright}lek paradox{\textquoteright}(7-9). Nevertheless, evidence shows that genetic variance persists despite directional selection(10,11) and genetic benefits of female choice are frequently reported(12,13). A theoretical solution to the lek paradox has been proposed on the basis of two assumptions(14): that traits are condition-dependent, and that condition shows high genetic variance. The observed genetic variability in sexual traits will be accounted for, because a proportion of the genetic variance in condition will be captured and expressed in the trait(14). Here we report results from experiments showing that male courtship rate in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus is a condition-dependent trait that is preferred by females. More importantly, male condition has high genetic variance and is genetically correlated with courtship rate. Our results thereby represent a significant step towards a resolution of the lek paradox.},
	keywords = {attractiveness, body, condition indexes, condition-dependent traits, estimating fitness, evolution, genetic-variation, mating preferences, natural-selection, offspring condition, sexually selected trait},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000167875400045},
	author = {Kotiaho, J. S. and Simmons, L. W. and Tomkins, J. L.}
}
@article {1922,
	title = {Decline of roller dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) populations in the Iberian peninsula during the 20th century},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {97},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {43-50},
	abstract = {A historical compilation of data on roller dung beetle occurrence in the Iberian peninsula was examined for temporal changes between the first and second half of the 20th century. Analysis of changes in the relative frequency of database records, individuals and 10-km UTM cells where the beetles occurred showed a decline in the occurrence of nine of the eleven species. A comparison of latitudinal and longitudinal mid-points of the 10-km UTM cells where each species occurs indicated that the range of most roller dung beetles in the Iberian peninsula has also contracted. Before 1950 a significant, positive and curvilinear relationship was found between the number of roller dung beetles and the area of coastal environments (sea, dunes, beaches and marshes); while in the second half of the 20th century the number of "roller" species is positively correlated with artificial pastureland and scrub areas. It is suggested that urban development of the coastal zones for tourism since 1950 has probably contributed greatly to the disappearance of many roller populations. It is recommended that some of the more affected species of roller dung beetles should be considered for inclusion among protected invertebrates.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Iberian-Peninsula (Europe-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Palearctic, Population-Studies, roller-dung-beetle (Coleoptera-): Scarabaeinae-, Wildlife-Management (Conservation-)},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1932,
	title = {Diversity, distinctiveness and conservation status of the Mediterranean coastal dung beetle assemblage in the Regional Natural Park of the Camargue (France)},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {257-270},
	abstract = {The Mediterranean region as a whole has the highest dung beetle species richness within Europe. Natural coastal habitats in this region are among those which have suffered severe human disturbance. We studied dung beetle divers- ity and distinctiveness within one of the most important coastal protected areas in the west Euro- Mediterranean region (the regional Park of Camargue, southern France) and made comparisons of dung beetle assemblages with other nearby Mediterra- nean localities, as well as with other coastal pro- tected area (Doñana National Park, Spain). Our finding showed that: (1) The species richness of coastal habitats in the Camargue is low and only grasslands showed a similar level of species rich- ness and abundance to inland habitats of other Mediterranean localities. The unique habitats of the coastal area (beaches, dunes and marshes) are largely colonized by species widely distributed in the hinterland. (2) In spite of their low general distinctiveness, dune and marsh edges are charac- terized by the occurrence of two rare, vulnerable, specialized and large roller dung beetle species of the genus Scarabaeus. As with other Mediterranean localities, current findings suggest a recent decline of Scarabaeus  populations and the general loss of coastal dung beetle communities in Camargue. (3) The comparison of dung beetle assemblages between the Camargue and Doñana shows that, in spite of the low local dung beetle species rich- ness in the Camargue, the regional dung beetle diversity is similar between both protected areas. Unique historical and geographical factors can explain the convergence in regional diversity as well as the striking divergence in the composition of dung beetle assemblages between both territories.},
	keywords = {Don, Dung beetles, insect coastal conservation, Mediterranean region, Scarabaeoidea, the Camargue, ̃ana},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Jay-Robert, Pierre}
}
@article {1972,
	title = {Artropodes associados a massas fecais bovinas no sul do Estado de Goias},
	journal = {Neotropical Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {19-24},
	abstract = {A study of the arthropod fauna from bovine dung pats in  the State of Goi{\textperiodcentered}s, Brazil, was carried out from January to December,  1998. Twenty samples of bovine dung were taken at random, each month, from eight day old pats, placed in plastic containers and taken to the laboratory. The arthropods were extracted by flotation in water in order to determine the frequency of Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Macrochelidae (Acarina) considered important in  the degradation of cattle dung, and in the control of dung flies. Fifty two arthropod species belonging to 10 families were collected: 20 of Coleoptera (three families), 12 of Diptera (three families), 10 of Hymenoptera (three families) and six  of Macrochelidae (Acarina).},
	author = {Marchiori, Carlos H. and de Oliveira, Andersen T. and Linhares, A. X.}
}
@article {1975,
	title = {Area networks for conserving Iberian insects: a case study of dung beetles (Col., Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {233-252},
	abstract = {Possibilities to create an efficient network of areas for the conservation of Iberian dung-beetle biodiversity were investigated. Data were taken from {\textquoteleft}BANDASCA{\textquoteright}, a 15,740 record dung-beetle database with information for 101,996 specimens. The greatest species richness and phylogenetic diversity are found in the Iberian Central System cordilleras, while those of range-size rarity are in the southernmost corner of the Iberian Peninsula and in the coastal plains of the Guadalquivir basin. Additionally, broad regional score trends of these variables reach a maximum in a smaller northeastern, and a larger southeastern region (Baetic and sub-Baetic mountains). Major Central and Southern Spain dung-beetle hotspots contain many of the UTM grid cells which delimit the near-minimum-set of areas hosting maximum dung-beetle biodiversity scores. They are viewed as the nucleus of a potential network of reserves. A UTM grid cell (30TXK1) where Onthophagus albarracinus, an endemic and demographically rare species inhabits the Sierra of Albarrac ́{\i}n and {\textquoteleft}Montes Universales{\textquoteright}, was detected as an irreplaceable area. Because of recent land use changes and rapid human-induced habitat transformation threatening dung-beetle fauna, caution should be taken not to recommend an in memoriam network of areas no longer hosting a fauna extinct today. The abandoning of traditional herding management in Europe threatens the preservation of grasslands where dung- feeding beetles play a major ecological role in maintaining pasture quality and livestock health. A return to more traditional herding methods would require stable dung-beetle populations. Any insect conservation planning in Spain would benefit from more biogeographical information for other insect groups. },
	keywords = {hotspots network, Iberian dung-feeding beetles, phylogenetic diversity, rarity, species richness},
	author = {Martin-Piera, Fermin}
}
@article {1979,
	title = {Suspected side effects of a herbicide on dung beetle populations (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Comptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Iii-Sciences De La Vie-Life Sciences},
	volume = {324},
	number = {11},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Times Cited: 1},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {989-994},
	abstract = {This paper addresses the association between use of a herbicide and anecdotal reports of reduced dung degradation and dung beetle populations. Dung beetles were monthly collected at two adjacent ranches in Mexico. Ranches were similar in area, elevation, exposition, soil, and vegetation, but differed in weed control. Ranch A controlled weeds manually, and ranch B controlled unwanted vegetation with applications of the herbicide Tordon(R)101M. The main species recovered on each ranch (Ataenius apicalis) was significantly more abundant at ranch A than at ranch B. Conversely, similar numbers of a second species, Ataenius sculptor, were recovered from both ranches. Three lines of evidence support the tentative conclusion that herbicide applications may be causing a decline in populations of A. apicalis on ranch B. First, the greatest reductions of A. apicalis were observed during periods of herbicide application. Second, A. sculptor, apparently little affected by these same herbicide applications, is active primarily during months without herbicide applications. Third, preliminary results of laboratory studies show that exposure to herbicide can impair reproductive function of the dung beetle Canthon cyanellus. (C) 2001 Academie des Sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.},
	keywords = {2, 4-D, herbicide, Mortality, neotropical pasture, Scarabaeidae, sterility, Tordon((R)), weed control},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000172159700003 },
	author = {Martinez, I. M. and Lumaret, J. P. and Cruz, M. R.}
}
@article {1986,
	title = {Suspected side effects of a herbicide on dung beetle populations (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Comptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Iii-Sciences De La Vie-Life Sciences},
	volume = {324},
	number = {11},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Times Cited: 1},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {989-994},
	abstract = {This paper addresses the association between use of a herbicide and anecdotal reports of reduced dung degradation and dung beetle populations. Dung beetles were monthly collected at two adjacent ranches in Mexico. Ranches were similar in area, elevation, exposition, soil, and vegetation, but differed in weed control. Ranch A controlled weeds manually, and ranch B controlled unwanted vegetation with applications of the herbicide Tordon(R)101M. The main species recovered on each ranch (Ataenius apicalis) was significantly more abundant at ranch A than at ranch B. Conversely, similar numbers of a second species, Ataenius sculptor, were recovered from both ranches. Three lines of evidence support the tentative conclusion that herbicide applications may be causing a decline in populations of A. apicalis on ranch B. First, the greatest reductions of A. apicalis were observed during periods of herbicide application. Second, A. sculptor, apparently little affected by these same herbicide applications, is active primarily during months without herbicide applications. Third, preliminary results of laboratory studies show that exposure to herbicide can impair reproductive function of the dung beetle Canthon cyanellus. (C) 2001 Academie des Sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.},
	keywords = {2, 4-D, herbicide, Mortality, neotropical pasture, Scarabaeidae, sterility, Tordon((R)), weed control},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000172159700003 },
	author = {Martinez M. , Imelda and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Cruz R. , Magdalena}
}
@article {1615,
	title = {Recruitment, a multi-stage process with unpredictable result: the case of a Sapotaceasae in French Guianan forest},
	journal = {Revue D Ecologie-La Terre Et La Vie},
	volume = {56},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 78Cited References:      ANDRESEN E, 1999, BIOTROPICA, V31, P145     ANDRESEN E, 1994, THESIS DUKE U     ANDRESEN E, 2000, THESIS U FLORIDA     BONGERS F, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     CHAUVET S, 1997, FACTEURS ECOLOGIQUES     CLARK DA, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P769     CONNELL JH, 1971, DYNAMICS POPULATIONS     CONNELL JH, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P568     DETHOISY B, 1998, JATBA REV ETHNOBIOLO, V40, P103     ESTRADA A, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FEER F, 2000, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V36, P29     FEER F, 1999, J TROP ECOL, V15, P1     FEER F, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     FORGET PM, 2000, BIOTROPICA     FORGET PM, 1998, DYNAMICS TROPICAL CO, P25     FORGET PM, 1997, J ECOL, V85, P693     FORGET PM, 1990, J TROP ECOL, V6, P459     FORGET PM, 1999, J TROP ECOL 3, V15, P301     FORGET PM, 1996, J TROP ECOL 6, V12, P751     FORGET PM, 1998, JATBA REV ETHNOBIOLO, V40, P79     FORGET PM, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     FORGET PM, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V94, P255     FORGET PM, 1991, OECOLOGIA, V87, P596     FORGET PM, 1991, TROP ECOL, V32, P155     FRAGOSO JMV, 1997, J ECOL, V85, P519     GRIMALDI M, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     GUILLOTIN M, 1994, J ZOOL, V233, P551     GUILLOTIN M, 1982, MAMMALIA, V46, P299     HAMMOND DS, 1998, DYNAMICS TROPICAL CO, P51     HAMMOND DS, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P2544     HOWE HF, 1982, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V13, P201     HOWE HF, 1980, ECOLOGY, V61, P944     HOWE HF, 1982, ECOLOGY TROPICAL FOR, P189     HOWE HF, 1989, OECOLOGIA, V79, P417     HOWE HF, 1986, SEED DISPERSAL, P123     JANZEN DH, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P501     JANZEN DH, 1971, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V2, P465     JANZEN DH, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1887     JANZEN DH, 1969, EVOLUTION, V23, P1     JANZEN DH, 1982, SCIENCE, V215, P19     JANZEN DH, 1978, TROPICAL TREES LIVIN, P83     JORDANO P, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1711     JULIENLAFERRIER.D, 2000, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     JULLIOT C, 1996, AM J PRIMATOL, V40, P261     JULLIOT C, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P239     JULLIOT C, 1997, J ECOL, V85, P431     JULLIOT C, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     JULLIOT C, 1994, REV ECOL-TERRE VIE, V49, P331     JULLIOT C, 1992, THESIS U TOURS     LAURANCE WF, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN     NOTMAN E, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V106, P221     OSUNKOYA OO, 1994, AUST J ECOL, V19, P52     PECK SB, 1984, BIOTROPICA, V16, P235     PERES CA, 1997, J TROP ECOL 4, V13, P595     PONCY O, 1998, FOREST BIODIVERSITY, P389     PONCY O, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     PRICE MV, 1986, SEED DISPERSAL, P191     RATIARISON S, 1999, FRAGMENTATION FOREST     RINGUET S, 1998, THESIS MUSEUM NATL H     ROBINSON JG, 1991, NEOTROPICAL WILDLIFE     SCHUPP EW, 1995, ECOSCIENCE, V2, P267     SCHUPP EW, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V76, P525     SCHUPP EW, 1988, OIKOS, V51, P71     SCHUPP EW, 1993, VEGETATIO, V107, P15     SILVIUS KM, 1999, THESIS U FLORIDA     SIMMEN B, 1998, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V321, P699     SIMMEN B, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P661     SIMMEN B, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     SPIRONELLO WR, 1996, C EC BRAS BRAZ, P     SPIRONELLO WR, 1999, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE     VANDERMEER JH, 1979, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V20, P17     VANROOSMALEN MGM, 1985, ACTA AMAZONICA, V19, P1     VOSS RS, 1996, B AM MUS NAT HIST, V230, P1     WENNY DG, 1999, J TROP ECOL 4, V15, P481     WILLSON MF, 1988, AUST J ECOL, V13, P137     ZHANG SY, 1995, BIOTROPICA, V27, P397     ZHANG SY, 1994, THESIS U PARIS 6FrenchArticle445GYREV ECOL-TERRE VIE},
	pages = {119-145},
	abstract = {The net result of the multi-stage recruitment from seed production to seedling establishment was assessed along 3 consecutive years in Chrysophyllum lucentifolium (Sapotaceae) in a mature rain forest of French Guiana. According to year, between 37 and 42 \% of seed production was primarily dispersed away from fruiting trees without damage, especially by primates. Seeds dispersed in howler monkeys{\textquoteright} (Alouatta seniculus) defecation were serendipitously buried by dung beetles (14\%), eaten by terrestrial vertebrates such as rodents, or destroyed by insects or pathogens. The proportion of seeds secondarily dispersed by scatterhoarding rodents Varied from 3 to 17 \% according to year. The survival rate of unremoved and uneaten seeds after 20 days, varied from 2 to 56 \% according to year and pattern of spatial distribution generated by primary dispersal (clump or scattered). The empirical model based on the seed and seedling fate diagram showed that, according to years, from 6 to 15 \% of produced seeds lead to seedling establishment away from parent tree. Variations in patterns of seed removal and predation by rodents were the most crucial factors governing the effectiveness of primary and secondary dispersers and the spatial distribution of seedlings. Between-year variations of recruitment were important and stochastic because the fluctuations of seed production and seed dispersal/predation varied independently. The proposed empirical model has thus no predictive value. However it can be useful for instance to test the effects of seed size and of some faunal perturbations.},
	keywords = {fruit, monkeys, monkeys alouatta-seniculus, population, red howler, rodents, seed-dispersal, spatial patterns, tree, tropical rain-forest, vouacapoua-americana caesalpiniaceae},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169450800002},
	author = {Feer, F. and Julliot, C. and Simmen, B. and Forget, P. M. and Bayart, F. and Chauvet, S.}
}
@article {1634,
	title = {Ephemeral resource patches as model systems for diversity-function experiments},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {92},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {363-366},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000167560700019},
	author = {Finn, J. A.}
}
@article {1656,
	title = {Larvicidal activity of endectocides against pest flies in the dung of treated cattle},
	journal = {Medical and Veterinary Entomology},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {117-120},
	type = {short communication},
	keywords = {canada, doramectin, endectocides, eprinomectin, faecal residues, Haematobia irritans, IVERMECTIN, macrocyclic lactones, moxidectin, Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans},
	author = {Floate, K. D. and Spooner, R. W. and Colwell, D. D.}
}
@article {1667,
	title = {The influence of species diversity on ecosystem productivity: how, where, and why?},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {93},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {514-526},
	abstract = {The effect of species diversity on ecosystem productivity is controversial, in large part because field experiments investigat- ing this relationship have been fraught with difficulties. Unfortu- nately, there are few guidelines to aid researchers who must overcome these difficulties and determine whether global species losses seriously threaten the ecological and economic bases of terrestrial ecosystems. In response, I offer a set of hypotheses that describe how diversity might influence productivity in plant communities based on three well-known mechanisms: comple- mentarity, facilitation, and the sampling effect. Emphasis on these mechanisms reveals the sensitivity of any diversity-produc- tivity relationship to ecological context (i.e., where this relation- ship should be found); ecological context includes characteristics of the surrounding environment, temporal and spatial scales of observation, and the intensity of human management. In particu- lar, the legitimacy of the sampling effect as a mechanism of productivity enhancement is dependent upon the degree to which stochastic events influence immigration and extinction processes in a given ecosystem. A mechanistic approach also requires that the three mechanisms be separated and quantified in diversity experiments, and I examine the most appropriate analyses for doing so, focusing on the overyielding technique. Finally, I question why productivity per se is a relevant management concern in non-agricultural systems once relationships among diversity, productivity, and the qualities of the surrounding environment are considered. },
	author = {Fridley, Jason D.}
}
@article {1673,
	title = {Nota de campo sobre Phanaeus (Phanaeus) flohri Nevinson, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Dugesiana},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {96-97},
	author = {Garcia-Real, Edith and Rivera-Cervantes, Luis Eugenio}
}
@article {1678,
	title = {Habitat fragmentation and arthropod community change: Carrion beetles, phoretic mites, and flies},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {79-85},
	abstract = {Little is known about the effects of habitat fragmentation on forest insect communities. We studied relationships among carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae), an insect guild important to decomposition processes in forests, the beetles{\textquoteright} phoretic mites, and the beetles{\textquoteright} primary competitors, muscoid flies, along an urban-rural gradient of forest fragmentation in central New York State, USA. Species richness of carrion beetle communities was reduced by one-third and beetle abundance by two-thirds in fragmented forests whereas flies were 1.5x more abundant in forest fragments than in contiguous forests. The commensal relationship between carrion beetles and their phoretic mites was more variable in heavily fragmented sites, with beetles typically having unusually low or high mite loads. The beetles thriving in fragmented forests were generally small-bodied habitat generalists. This study indicates that forest fragmentation has a profound impact on carrion beetle communities, although the mechanisms underlying these patterns remain unresolved.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Gibbs, J. P. and Stanton, E. J.}
}
@article {1779,
	title = {Burial of bovine dung by coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from horse and cow grazing sites in El Salvador},
	journal = {European Journal of Soil Biology},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have a copy and a digital version},
	pages = {103-111},
	keywords = {decomposition, dung beetle, dung removal, ecological function, ecosystem service, waste removal},
	author = {Horgan, Finbarr Gabriel}
}
@article {1991,
	title = {A food habit of Onthophagus (Pseudonthophagus) penicillatus Harold (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Elytra},
	volume = {29},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	month = {nov},
	pages = {439-439},
	author = {Masumoto, Kimio}
}
@article {2006,
	title = {Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) de Colombia},
	journal = {Biota Colombiana},
	volume = {2},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {131-144},
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, Colombia, coprophagous beetles, list of species, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Medina, Claudia A. and Lopera Toro, Alejandro and Vitolo, Adriana and Gill, Bruce}
}
@article {2053,
	title = {Halffter{\textquoteright}s mexican transition zone, beetle generalized tracks, and geographical homology},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {635-650},
	keywords = {biogeography, COLEOPTERA, homology, mesoamerica, Neotropics, panbiogeography},
	author = {Morrone, Juan J. and Marquez, Juan}
}
@article {2065,
	title = {Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea de Jalisco, Mexico},
	journal = {Dugesiana},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {37-93},
	author = {Navarrete Heredia, Jose Luis and Delgado, Leonardo and Fierros Lopez, Hugo Eduardo}
}
@article {2094,
	title = {Is there really a strong "follow-up" evolutionary background in herbivore dung utilisation by Scarabaeinae?},
	journal = {Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Zool. Reihe},
	volume = {77},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {229-235},
	abstract = {According to their feeding habits and digestive system, herbivores produce dung of different quality and quantity. The availa- bility of these different dung types as feeding- and breeding sources for the dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) might be one of the key factors for their species richness. To enlighten the relationship between herbivorous dung type and its consuming dung beetles, an experiment was undertaken in the Kruger National Park (RSA). Five herbivore species with different feeding habits and different digestion systems and thus different dung types (grazers, intermediate feeding types. browsers; non-ruminants vs. ruminants) were selected and their dung analysed. Water content, coarse organic matter (particles >20 pm) and fine organic matter, the {\textquotedblleft}beetle food{\textquoteright} fraction (particles <20 pm) were investigated. A trapping experiment with dung baited pitfall traps revealed that elephant dung was the most preferred dung type (53\% of all individuals caught). followed by buffalo dung (29\%) and zebra dung (1 1 YO). The two pelleted dung types from impala and giraffe with 3\% each were less frequented. A first evaluation of the data demonstrates that the percentage of so-called {\textquotedblleft}modern{\textquotedblright} dung beetle species is relatively high for all five dung types (74\% -84\%). The percentage of {\textquotedblleft}intermediate{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}old{\textquotedblright} species on the evolutionarily older coarse dung types does not appear to be strikingly higher. Within the {\textquotedblleft}modern{\textquotedblright} tribes of Scarabaeinae, the monophyletic Sisyphini show a clear trend towards the use of ruminant dung.},
	keywords = {dung types, food preference, herbivores, ruminants, Scarabaeoidea, sisyphini, {\textquotedblleft}follow up{\textquotedblright} evolution},
	author = {Paetel, Constanze}
}
@article {2096,
	title = {Body size and paternal invest ment in the genus Onthophagus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2001},
	note = {EnglishArticleNOV3J ZOOL},
	pages = {405-412},
	abstract = {During reproduction, dung beetles of the genus Onthophagus typically bury portions of dung removed from the dung pad. Even though females are capable of successfully constructing and provisioning nests when unaccompanied by males, extensive levels of co-operation between sexes have been reported. In some species, males show a clear dimorphism in body plan and only large horned males are known to assist females. In O. taurus this form of paternal investment is facultative and depends on social context (namely the presence of other males). We studied relationships between body size and paternal investment in five Onthophagus species (i.e. O. coenobita, O. fracticornis, O. illyricus, O. taurus and O. vacca). Two types of tests were established. In test A, a large and a small male were placed with a single, medium-size female, in test B, a large and a small female were placed with a single large male. In controls one male was placed with one female. Individuals were maintained for 10 days. Then the enclosures were opened to assess the position of each beetle. When two mates were found in close vicinity or in the same tunnel provisioning dung, a co-operative behaviour was assumed. In competitive tests, small males and small females never cooperated with their potential mates whilst large and medium-size individuals often co- operated with mates inside the same tunnels. No differences in frequencies of co-operation were found between large and medium-size females. Small females and small males scarcely co- operated with large or medium-size mates in controls. These results suggest that large individuals outcompete the small ones. They also suggest that paternal investment depends on body size of both mates. Large males of all species assist medium-size and large females, whereas small males do not. However, large males do not invest much parental effort on small females that, in fact, are poorly, assisted. We assume that large individuals of both sexes are reproductively superior to small ones. The propensity of both small females and small males to excavate was lower than that of larger individuals, accordingly, digging capacity could be a proximate factor explaining facultative paternal investment in these species.},
	keywords = {ACUMINATUS COLEOPTERA, ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS, beetle, body size, BROOD CARE, co-operation, Dung beetles, investment, MALE HORN DIMORPHISM, MALE MORPHOLOGY, Onthophagus, paternal, reproduction, Scarabaeidae, TAURUS COLEOPTERA, VACCA COLEOPTERA},
	author = {Palestrini, C. and Rolando, A.}
}
@article {2153,
	title = {Acaros das familias Scutacaridae e Pygmephoridae (Acari: Heterostigmata) associados a besouros coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) no Brasil},
	journal = {Neotropical Entomology},
	volume = {30},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {387-390},
	abstract = {Dung beetles were collected in pasture areas in Piracicaba (State of São Paulo), Aquidauana (State of Mato Grosso do Sul) and Capão do Leão (State of Rio Grande do Sul). In the first two sites, the beetles were collected in pitfall traps, while in the third site they were collected in a light trap. Mites of the families Scutacaridae and Pygmephoridae were commonly found on those beetles. In the family Scutacaridae, the following species were found: Pygmodispus (Pygmodispus) bicornutus Ebermann \& Rodrigues, Scutacarus longitarsus (Berlese) and Scutacarus sp. In the family Pygmephoridae, the following genera were found: Elattoma, Bakerdania, Elattosoma, Pediculaster sp. near brasiliensis and Sicilipes. Only female mites were collected. },
	keywords = {cattle dung, ecology, pasture, phoresy},
	author = {Rodrigues, Sergio R. and Marchini, Luis C. and Carbonari, Jairo J.}
}
@article {2161,
	title = {Large-scale spatial ecology of dung beetles},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {24},
	number = {5},
	year = {2001},
	note = {EnglishArticleOCTECOGRAPHY},
	pages = {511-524},
	abstract = {Recent modelling work shows that the composition of local communities can be influenced by the configuration of the surrounding landscape, but many of these models assume that all community members display the same type of extinction- colonization dynamics. I use Aphodius dung beetles to test the hypothesis that interspecific differences in habitat selection and dispersal capacity may translate into differences in spatial population dynamics, even among closely related species coexisting on the same resource. If this is true, then groups of species with different. characteristics would show different responses to landscape configuration. I first divided the area of Finland into a grid, and used collection records to describe regional variation in the Aphodius fauna of open cattle pastures. I then sampled dung beetles on 131 cattle farms, to examine whether the subset of species found on each farm was related to the density of pastures in the surrounding grid square. Finally, I used historical records to analyze changes in dung beetle communities during the last century, when there was great loss of pasture. Overall, I found no relationship between landscape characteristics and the total proportion of the regional species pool that was found on each farm. However, the distribution of species among guilds with different habitat specificity did related to the configuration of the landscape, and the pattern was most pronounced in a specialists species with limited dispersal. Associations between community structure and landscape configuration were superimposed on two much larger and stronger patterns: a large-scale latitudinal gradient in regional species richness, and a decelerating gain of species to local communities with an increasing regional species pool. I conclude that ecological variation among community members is a crucial factor in the analysis of local community composition, and that local species richness should always be conditioned on regional richness.},
	keywords = {abundance, assemblages, coexistence, communities, FINLAND, gradients, LATITUDINAL, METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS, PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS, REGIONAL DIVERSITY, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Roslin, T.}
}
@article {2162,
	title = {Spatial population structure in a patchily distributed beetle},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {823-837},
	abstract = {The dynamics and evolution of populations will critically depend on their spatial structure.Hence, a recent emphasis on one particular type of structure{\textemdash}the metapopulation conceptof Levins{\textemdash}can only be justified by empirical assessment of spatial population structuresin a wide range of organisms. This paper focuses onAphodius fossor, a dung beetle specializedon cattle pastures. An agricultural database was used to locate nearly 50 000 localpopulationsofA. fossorin Finland. Several independent methods were then used to quantify key processesin this vast population system.Allozyme markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)sequences were applied to examine genetic differentiation of local populations and to deriveindirect estimates of gene flow. These estimates were compared to values expected on thebasis of direct observations of dispersing individuals and assessments of local effectivepopulation size. Molecular markers revealed striking genetic homogeneity inA. fossor.Differentiation was only evident in mtDNA haplotype frequencies between the isolated{\r A}land islands and the Finnish mainland. Thus, indirect estimates of gene flow agreed withdirect observations that local effective population size inA. fossoris large (hundreds ofindividuals), and that in each generation, a substantial fraction (approximately one-fifth) ofthe individuals move between populations. Large local population size, extreme haplotypediversity and a high regional incidence ofA. fossorall testify against recurrent populationturnover. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that the whole mainlandpopulation ofA. fossoris better described as one large {\textquoteleft}patchy population{\textquoteright}, with substantialmovement between relatively persistent local populations, than as a classical metapopulation.},
	keywords = {allozymes, aphodius, gene flow, genetic differentiation, mitochondrial DNA, spatial population structure},
	author = {Roslin, T.}
}
@article {2163,
	title = {Distribution and abundance of dung beetles in fragmented landscapes},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {127},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	note = {digital \& hard copy copy},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {69-77},
	abstract = {Related species utilising similar resources are often assumed to show similar spatial population structures and dynamics. This paper reports substantial ecological variation within a set of Aphodius dung beetles occurring in the same patchily distributed resource, livestock dung in pastures. We show how variation in habitat and resource selectivity, in the rate of movements between pastures, and in the distribution of local population sizes all contribute to interspecific differences in spatial population structures. Local dung beetle assemblages are compared between two landscapes with different densities of pastures. In one of the landscapes, we contrast the abundances and regional distributions of Aphodius before and after 15 years of rapid habitat loss. Different species show very dissimilar responses to changes in the structure of the landscape. Our results suggest that generalist Aphodius species, and specialist species with high dispersal powers, occur as large "patchy" populations in the landscape. In contrast? a strict pasture specialist species with limited dispersal powers (A. pusillus) forms classical metapopulations. At the community level, interspecific differences in spatial population structures make the local community composition a function of the structure of the surrounding landscape.},
	keywords = {aphodius, APHODIUS SCARABAEIDAE, assemblage, COLEOPTERA, community, diversity, dynamics, europe mammals, habitat loss, metapopulation, patchy, population, resource utilization, serpentine, spatial population structure, stability},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000167629200008},
	author = {Roslin, T. and Koivunen, A.}
}
@article {2170,
	title = {Carrion, steel and lamellicorn beetle fauna of Somogy county (Coleoptera: Silphidae, Histeridae, Lamellicornia)},
	journal = {Natura Somogyiensis},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {161-167},
	keywords = {dung beetle, hungary},
	author = {Rozner, Gyorgy}
}
@article {2200,
	title = {Food availability controls the onset of metamorphosis in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Physiological Entomology},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {173-180},
	keywords = {developmental cues, dung beetle, larval development, Onthophagus, regulation of pupation, timing of metamorphosis},
	author = {Shafiei, Majid and Moczek, Armin P. and Nijhout, H. Frederik}
}
@article {2212,
	title = {Plants, insects and birds in semi-natural pastures in relation to local habitat and landscape factors},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {10},
	number = {11},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1839-1863},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {S{\"o}derstr{\"o}m, B. and Svensson, B. and Vessby, K. and Glimskar, A.}
}
@article {2244,
	title = {Dung beetle benefits in the pasture ecosystem},
	journal = {ATTRA },
	number = {pamphlet},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1-12},
	author = {Thomas, Michelle L.}
}
@article {2277,
	title = {Larval morphology and breeding behavior of the genus Pedaridium Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {94},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {596-604},
	abstract = {The third-instar larva and breeding behavior of Pedaridium almeidai Pereira and P. brasiliensis Ferreira \& Galileo are described using material collected at Sa ̃ o Paulo, Brazil, and, the third-instar larva of P. adisi (Ratcliffe) is redescribed. The most important morphological charac- teristics for larval stages are found in the epipharynx, the setation of the venter of the last abdominal segment, the endoskeletal lines of the anal lobes, the mandibles, and the respiratory plate of the thoracic spiracle. A key to the known larvae of the genus Pedaridium is also provided. Results show that P. almeidai is more similar to P. adisi than P. brasiliensis. The presence/absence of stridulatory areas on the mandibles, the form of the frontal suture, the form of the sensorial area of the antennae, the form of the molar and scissorial areas of the mandibles, and the different size and form of the lacinia suggest a possible polyphyly of the genus Pedaridium. Results con{\TH}rm the endocoprid breeding behavior of Pedaridium, which together with Trichillum, represents the most primitive breeding pattern of Scarabaeinae. In the species studied, there is neither food relocation nor brood ball construction. This primitive breeding behavior implies exploitation without modi{\TH}cation or relocation of the resource. Possible kleptoparasitism was observed in P. brasiliensis.},
	keywords = {Ateuchini, breeding patterns, Dung beetles, larval description, Scarabaeoidea, taxonomy},
	author = {Verdu, Jose R. and Galante, Eduardo}
}
@article {2281,
	title = {Habitat and weather affect reproduction and size of the dung beetle Aphodius fossor},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have copy},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {430-435},
	abstract = {1. The influence of sun exposure and moisture on reproduction and size of a north temperate dung beetle Aphodius fossor was investigated. Adult beetles were added to cow pats that were either shaded or exposed and treated with different watering regimes. 2. After 26 days, more eggs and larvae were recovered from shaded and wetter pats than from exposed and drier pats. 3. At the end of the experiment, more beetles had developed in shaded and wetter pats, and these beetles were larger than those from exposed and drier pats. 4. There was no between-treatment difference in the ratio between adults in final sampling and larvae in first sampling. 5. It was concluded that exposure and moisture can influence both reproduction and size of A. fossor. It is suggested that weather may be a factor regulating reproduction in Aphodius not only through heat- or drought-induced mortality, as suggested earlier, but also by limiting the time available for egg laying. Further studies are needed to clarify this suggestion.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000171023100012},
	author = {Vessby, K.}
}
@article {2290,
	title = {The epidemiology of nematode infections of sheep},
	journal = {New Zealand Veterinary Journal},
	volume = {49},
	number = {6},
	year = {2001},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {213-221},
	keywords = {agriculture, disease, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, livestock, parasites},
	author = {Vlassoff, A and Leathwick, DM and Heath, ACG}
}
@article {2310,
	title = {A comparison of the development and survival of the dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus (Schreb.) when fed on the faeces of cattle treated with pour-on formulations of eprinomectin or moxidectin},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {155-168},
	abstract = {Faeces voided by 1-year old cattle at 3{\textendash}70 days after treatment with a pour-on formulation of moxidectin had no detectable effects on development or survival of the common dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. In contrast, faeces voided by cattle treated with a pour-on formulation of eprinomectin were associated with high juvenile mortality during the first 1{\textendash}2 weeks after treatment. Increased mortality also occurred among newly emerged beetles fed on faeces collected 3 days after eprinomectin treatment and there was evidence of suppressed brood production among those that survived. This effect was still apparent even after insects fed for a further 10 days on the faeces of untreated cattle. A model simulating the effects of drug residues on dung beetle populations suggests that in the absence of immigration a single treatment of eprinomectin is capable of reducing beetle activity in the next generation by 25{\textendash}35\%. Effects are likely to be greatest when treatment coincides with emergence of a new generation of beetles.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles, eprinomectin, Modelling, moxidectin, Pour-on formulations},
	author = {Wardhaugh, Keith G. and Longstaff, B. C. and Morton, R.}
}
