@article {1547,
	title = {Beetle responses to habitat fragmentation depend on ecological traits, habitat condition, and remnant size},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PDF},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {182-194},
	abstract = {Under extreme (80\%) levels of habitat loss and fragmentation, exponentially increasing risks of extinction have been predicted; however, the proportion of species that will decline is uncertain. Factors influencing species declines include patch characteristics, such as size and condition, and species{\textquoteright} ecological traits, such as dispersal ability. In central New South Wales, Australia, 90\% of the mallee woodland has been cleared for agriculture. At each of three 100-km(2) locations, we sampled beetles in 10 sites and asked: (1) How is the impact of habitat loss and fragmentation mediated by remnant condition and size? (2) What proportion of the beetle fauna is declining? (3) Are ecological traits based on body size, trophic group, flight, and position relative to the ground correlated with beetle responses to habitat loss and fragmentation? Seven of 34 beetle species (21\%) occurred in fragmented and isolated populations in the agricultural landscape, implying that they may be at risk of local extinction. Most declining species depended on large remnants, but two species were confined to disturbed linear remnants, emphasizing the importance of diverse management regimes for invertebrate conservation. In contrast, approximately one-quarter of the beetle fauna survived in paddocks and so was not at risk of decline. Greatest species richness was observed in narrow linear remnants, not square reserves, because of the influx of species from the matrix and the presence of strip-specialist species. Flying ability and position explained most of the variation in species responses to fragmentation. Flightless species or species living underground were most vulnerable to decline in agricultural landscapes. Combinations of traits were also implicated in beetle responses, however, suggesting that causal mechanisms involve more than just the effects of flight or position. To identify species vulnerable to decline in fragmented landscapes, then, many traits need to be considered simultaneously.},
	keywords = {extinction traits forest change biodiversity dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000226438600024 },
	author = {Driscoll, D. A. and Weir, T.}
}
@article {1841,
	title = {Presence-absence versus abundance data for monitoring threatened species},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {6},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1679-1687},
	abstract = {Effective detection of population trend is crucial for managing threatened species. Little theory exists, however, to assist managers in choosing the most cost-effective monitoring techniques for diagnosing trend. We present a framework for determining the optimal monitoring strategy by simulating a manager collecting data on a declining species, the Chestnut-rumped Hylacola (Hylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri), to determine whether the species should be listed under the IUCN ( World Conservation Union) Red List. We compared the efficiencies of two strategies for detecting trend, abundance, and presence{\textendash}absence surveys, under financial constraints. One might expect the abundance surveys to be superior under all circumstances because more information is collected at each site. Nevertheless, the presence{\textendash}absence data can be collected at more sites because the surveyor is not obliged to spend a fixed amount of time at each site. The optimal strategy for monitoring was very dependent on the budget available. Under some circumstances, presence{\textendash}absence surveys outperformed abundance surveys for diagnosing the IUCN Red List categories cost-effectively. Abundance surveys were best if the species was expected to be recorded more than 16 times/year; otherwise, presence{\textendash}absence surveys were best. The relationship between the strategies we investigated is likely to be relevant for many comparisons of presence{\textendash}absence or abundance data. Managers of any cryptic or low-density species who hope to maximize their success of estimating trend should find an application for our results.},
	keywords = {Chestnut-rumped Hylacola, economics, Hylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri, IUCN Red List, occupancy data, optimal monitoring, species detectability, threatened species management},
	author = {Joseph, Liana N. and Field, Scott A. and Wilcox, Chris and Possingham, Hugh P.}
}
@article {1890,
	title = {Terrestrial Arthropod Assemblages - Their Use in Conservation Planning},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	year = {1993},
	note = {MP158CONSERV BIOL},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {796-808},
	abstract = {Arthropods, the most diverse component of terrestrial ecosystems, occupy a tremendous variety of functional niches and microhabitats across a wide array of spatial and temporal scales. We propose that conservation biologists should take advantage of terrestrial arthropod diversity as a rich data source for conservation planning and management. For reserve selection and design, documentation of the microgeography of selected arthropod taxa can delineate distinct biogeographic zones areas of endemism community types, and centers of evolutionary radiation to improve the spatial resolution of conservation planning. For management of natural areas, monitoring of terrestrial arthropod indicators can provide early warnings of ecological changes, and can be used to assay the effects of further fragmentation on natural areas that no longer support vertebrate indicator species. Many arthropod indicators respond to environmental changes more rapidly than do vertebrate indicators, which may exhibit population responses that do not become evident until too late for proactive management Not all arthropod taxa are equally effective as indicators for conservation planning and the qualities of indicators can differ for purposes of inventory versus monitoring. Assemblages of arthropod taxa used as biogeographic probes in inventories should exhibit relatively high species diversity, high endemism, and encompass the geographic range of interest. For monitoring purposes, indicator assemblages should exhibit varying sensitivity to environmental perturbations and a diversity of life-history and ecological preferences.},
	keywords = {dung beetles general conservation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1993MP15800009},
	author = {Kremen, C. and Colwell, R. K. and Erwin, T. L. and Murphy, D. D. and Noss, R. F. and Sanjayan, M. A.}
}
@article {1905,
	title = {Understanding trait-dependent community disassembly:dung beetles, density functions and forest fragmentation.},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {22},
	number = {5},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1288-1298},
	author = {Larsen, T. H. and Lopera, A. and Forsyth, A.}
}
@article {1936,
	title = {Searching for a predictive model for species richness of Iberian dung beetle based on spatial and environmental variables},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {158-173},
	abstract = {In Mediterranean countries, inventories of many animal groups particularly insects, are incomplete or nonexistent. Hence, a feasible spatial picture of unequally surveyed areas is required to ascertain which faunistic surveys are good enough to produce reliable estimates of species richness. We used generalized linear models to build a multiple-regression function through which we predicted the distribution of Iberian dung beetle species richness. Given the scarcity and unevenness of the species-richness spatial distribution, the number of records of a dung beetle database (BANDASCA), falling within each of the 50 x 50 km grid squares, was chosen as a measure of the sampling effort for that square. Examining the asymptotic relationship between the number of dung-beetle species and database records for each physioclimatic Iberian subregion, we found that 82 grid squares (32\% of the total) were adequately sampled. Dung-beetle species richness was related in each of these 82 cells to 24 explanatory variables. Curvilinear functions, interaction terms, and the significant third-degree polynomial terms of latitude and longitude were included to model species-richness distribution. The final model accounted for 62.4\% of the total deviance after we eliminated seven outlier squares, with maximum elevation, grassland area, land-use diversity, forest area, geological diversity, interaction of terrestrial area and maximum elevation, and interaction between calcareous rock, and geological diversity and latitude being the most significant independent variables. The residuals of the function were not spatially autocorrelated, and we validated the final model by a jackknife procedure. Large and environmentally complex hotspots in the Iberian Central, Baetic, and Subbaetic mountain ranges stand out from the emerging map of species richness. Further detailed research is required to determine the complementarity of the faunas of these two main hotspots, the key question in conservation planning for a dung-feeding beetle.},
	keywords = {Africa, atlas, autocorrelation, biodiversity, butterflies, communities, conservation, insects, patterns, plants},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000173726400016},
	author = {Lobo, J. M. and Martin-Piera, F.}
}
@article {1614,
	title = {Effects of Forest Fragmentation on a Dung Beetle Community in French Guiana},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital  and hard copy},
	pages = {1103-1112},
	abstract = {Abstract: Fragmentation is the most common disturbance induced by humans in tropical forests. Some insect groups are particularly suitable for studying the effects of fragmentation on animal communities because they are taxonomically and ecologically homogenous. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on a dung beetle species community in the forest archipelago created in 1994-1995 by the dam of Petit Saut, French Guiana. We set and baited an equal number of pitfall traps for dung beetles on three mainland sites and seven island sites. The sites ranged from 1.1 to 38 ha. In 250 trap days, we captured 50 species in 19 genera. Diversity indices were high (2.18-4.06). The lowest diversity was on the small islands and one mainland site. Species richness and abundance were positively related to fragment area but not to distance from mainland or distance to the larger island. The islands had lower species richness and population than mainland forest, but rarefied species richness was relatively invariant across sites. There was a marked change in species composition with decreasing fragment that was not caused by the presence of a common fauna of disturbed-area species on islands. Small islands differed from larger islands, which did not differ significantly from mainland sites. Partial correlation analyses suggested that species richness and abundance of dung beetle species were positively related to the number of species of nonflying mammals and the density index of howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus), two parameters positively related to fragment area. Efectos de la Fragmentacion de Bosques sobre una Comunidad de Escarabajos Coprofagos en La Guyana Francesa Resumen: La fragmentacion es la mas comun de las perturbaciones inducidas por humanos en bosques tropicales. Algunos grupos de insectos son particularmente adecuados para estudiar los efectos de la fragmentacion sobre comunidades animales porque son taxonomica y ecologicamente homogeneos. Investigamos los efectos de la fragmentacion de bosques sobre una comunidad de especies de escarabajos coprofagos en el archipielago de bosque creado en 1994-1995 por la presa de Petit Saut, Guyana Francesa. Colocamos y cebamos el mismo numero de trampas para escarabajos coprofagos en tres sitios continentales y siete sitios insulares. Los sitios variaron entre 1.1 y 38 ha. En 250 dias-trampa, capturamos 50 especies en 19 generos. Los indices de diversidad fueron altos (2.18-4.06). La menor diversidad ocurrio en las islas pequenas y en un sitio continental. La riqueza y abundancia de especies se relacionaron positivamente con el area del fragmento pero negativamente con la distancia al continente o a la isla mas grande. Las islas tuvieron menor riqueza de especies y tamano poblacional que el bosque continental, pero la riqueza de especies rarificada fue relativamente invariable en todos los sitios. Hubo un cambio notable en la composicion de especies con la disminucion del fragmento que no se debio a la presencia de una fauna comun de especies de areas perturbadas en las islas. Las islas pequenas difirieron de islas mas grandes que no difirieron significativamente de los sitios continentales. Los analisis de correlacion parcial sugirieron que la riqueza y abundancia de especies de escarabajos coprofagos se correlacionaron positivamente con el numero de especies de mamiferos no voladores y con el indice de densidad de monos aulladores (Alouatta seniculus), dos parametros que se relacionan positivamente con el area del fragmento.},
	keywords = {dung beetle, fragmentation, lago guri mammals, mammal},
	url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/cbi },
	author = {Feer, Francois and Hingrat, Yves}
}
@article {2106,
	title = {Frog, Bat and Dung Beetle Diversity in the Cloud Forest and Coffee Agroecosystems of Veracruz, Mexico},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	pages = {400-410},
	keywords = {agroforestry (biological conservation 2007), cloud forest, Disturbance, Dung beetles, fragmentation, Mexico, multi-taxa, polyagroforestry, Veracruz},
	author = {Pineda, Eduardo and Moreno, Claudia and Escobar, Frederico and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {2218,
	title = {Biogeographic crossroads as priority areas for biodiversity conservation},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 61Cited References:      BALMFORD A, 1995, CONSERV BIOL, V9, P1539     BATES JM, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P112     BROOKS DR, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P55     BROOKS T, 2000, NATURE, V403, P26     BROWN JH, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P255     BROWN JH, 1995, MACROECOLOGY     CHANNELL R, 2000, NATURE, V403, P84     DALLMEIER F, 1996, MANU DIVERSITY SE PE, P61     DAVIS FW, 1996, BIOSCIENCE, V46, P74     DINERSTEIN E, 1995, CONSERVATION ASSESSM     EDMONDS WD, 1994, REVISION PHANAEUS MA     EDMONDS WD, 1972, U KANSAS SCI B, V49, P731     EMMONS LH, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P129     ENSERINK M, 1997, SCIENCE, V276, P1791     ERWIN TL, 1996, MANU BIODIVERSITY SE, P359     ERWIN TL, 1991, SCIENCE, V253, P750     FELGER RS, 1994, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEM, P36     FJELDSA J, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN, P466     FOREMAN D, 2000, WILD EARTH SPR, P11     FORSYTH AB, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P181     FREITAG S, 1997, BIOL CONSERV, V82, P263     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT, V27, P15     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     HARVEY MB, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P144     HOLDRIDGE LR, 1967, LIFE ZONE ECOLOGY     JOHNSON N, 1995, BIODIVERSITY BALANCE     KERR JT, 1997, CONSERV BIOL, V11, P1094     KILLEEN TJ, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P61     KITCHING IJ, 1996, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V5, P841     KREMEN C, 1993, CONSERV BIOL, V7, P796     LOMOLINO MV, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P481     LOMOLINO MV, 1995, J MAMMAL, V76, P335     MARGULES CR, 2000, NATURE, V405, P243     MAYR E, 1963, ANIMAL SPECIES EVOLU     MCKENZIE NL, 1989, BIOL CONSERV, V50, P231     MITTERMEIER RA, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P516     MYERS N, 2000, NATURE, V403, P853     OLIVER I, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P822     OLSON DM, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P502     PEARSON DL, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P376     PEARSON DL, 1999, J BIOGEOGR, V26, P1079     POGUE MG, 1996, MANU BIODIVERSITY SE, P313     PRENDERGAST JR, 1999, CONSERV BIOL, V13, P484     PRENDERGAST JR, 1997, ECOGRAPHY, V20, P210     PRENDERGAST JR, 1993, NATURE, V365, P335     PRESSEY RL, 1993, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V8, P124     REID WV, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P275     REMSEN V, 1995, BIRD CONSERV INT, V5, P181     RICKETTS TH, 1999, BIOSCIENCE, V49, P369     RODRIGUES ASL, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P1453     ROTHLEY KD, 1999, ECOL APPL, V9, P741     SARMIENTO J, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P167     SCHNEIDER CJ, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P13869     SMITH TB, 1997, SCIENCE, V276, P1855     SPECTOR S, 1998, CONSERVATION CHANGIN, P181     VANEWRIGHT RI, 1991, BIOL CONSERV, V55, P235     WARSHALL P, 1994, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEM, P408     WHITTAKER RH, 1972, TAXON, V21, P213     WIKRAMANAYAKE E, 1998, BIODIVERSITY ASSESSM     WILLIAMS P, 1996, CONSERV BIOL, V10, P155     WILLIAMS PH, 1996, BIOL J LINN SOC, V58, P125EnglishArticle618LTCONSERV BIOL},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1480-1487},
	abstract = {Threats to biodiversity outpace the resources of the conservation community and necessitate careful prioritization of conservation actions. I suggest that targeting the regions where biogeographic assemblages intersect - " biogeographic crossroads" - is a strategy that may achieve significant conservation economy by focusing on areas that satisfy many conservation criteria. I used a combination of data on Scarabaeine beetles in Bolivia and on other taxa and locations from the literature to consider the short- and long-term benefits of conserving these biogeographic crossroads. Biogeographic crossroads are areas of high species richness and beta diversity, often across many taxonomic groups. They are also regions where representativeness can be achieved with relative efficiency. Recent evidence that ecotones may be loci of evolution suggests that evolutionary processes such as speciation and coevolution may be conserved at biogeographic crossroads. Biogeographic crossroads appear to be areas of high conservation priority and opportunity in both the short and long term and require increased attention in the process of setting conservation priorities.},
	keywords = {assemblages, complementary areas, congruence, diversity, forest, hotspots, patterns, species richness, strategies, tiger beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179420100009},
	author = {Spector, S.}
}
@article {2282,
	title = {Species-richness correlations of six different taxa in Swedish seminatural grasslands},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {430-439},
	abstract = {An important question in conservation biology, is whether the biodiversity of different taxa is correlated. We studied the extent to which the number of species of six different taxa-plants. birds, butterflies, bumblebees, ground beetles, and dung beetles-in 31 Swedish seminatural grasslands covary,, and whether species diversity, can be related to habitat variables, During 1990 and 1997 we surveyed plants and animals with appropriate techniques for each taxa and mapped the grassland habitat. fit general. correlations between taxa were few. Grassland plant diversity (currently used as an indicator for conservation value) was Bumblebee diversity was significantly only, significantly positively correlated to total bird diversity related to both total and grassland butterflies, whereas there was a significant negative relationship between grassland birds and dung beetles. Plants, birds, bumblebees, rind butterflies showed significant similarities in patterns of species composition, as did birds, butterflies, grassland butterflies, and ground beetles. The total number of plants and both subsets of birds (total and grassland) were significantly positively related to area, whereas there was a significant negative association between area and dung-beetle, diversity. The diversity of both butterflies and bumblebees was significantly, negatively related to The proportion of short-grazed field layer. Bumblebees showed a positive relationship with junipers, whereas ground beetles and grassland birds were negatively associated with trees. The total number of bird species was Positively influenced 17). the occurrence of shrubs. Our results suggest that neither the species richness of grassland plants nor that other of the surveyed taxa can be used as an indicator for total biodiversity, The lack of similar patterns of species composition among taxa also makes it difficult to define functional groups with similar habitat demands. Until we have more detailed knowledge of the demands; of species and taxa. it is important that we direct management efforts so that we provide a wide spectrum of grassland characteristics.},
	author = {Vessby, K. and S{\"o}derstr{\"o}m, B. and Glimskar, A. and Svensson, B.}
}
@article {2324,
	title = {Abundance and species richness of nocturnal insects on organic and conventional farms: effects of agricultural intensification on bat foraging},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	month = {oct},
	pages = {1283-1292},
	abstract = {Insects are the principal food for many animals, including bats (Chiroptera), and all species of bats in the United Kingdom feed over agricultural habitats. Bat populations are declining throughout Europe, probably in part as a result of agricultural intensification. Organic farming prohibits the use of agrochemicals, a major component of agricultural intensification, making it an ideal control for a study of intensive agricultural systems. To evaluate the impact of agricultural intensification on bat foraging, we quantified the availability of bat prey by comparing nocturnal aerial insects captured within habitats on 24 matched pairs of organic and conventional farms. Insects were identified to family and moths to species. We compared the abundance of 18 insect families commonly eaten by bats in the United Kingdom between farm types and tested for correlations of abundance with bat activity. Insect abundance, species richness, and moth species diversity were significantly higher on organic farms than on conventional farms. Insect abundance was significantly higher in pastural and water habitats on organic farms than in the same habitats on conventional farms. Of the 18 insect families that are important components of the bat diet, 5 were significantly more abundant on organic farms overall. Some were also more abundant within organic pastural, woodland, and water habitats than on conventional farmland habitats. The activity of bats that mainly ate Lepidoptera was significantly correlated with the abundance of this order. Our observations suggest that agricultural intensification has a profound impact on nocturnal insect communities. Because bats are resource limited, a reduction in prey availability through agricultural intensification will adversely affect bat populations. Less-intensive farming benefits British bat populations by providing and maintaining diverse and structurally varied habitats, which in turn support a wide selection of insect prey for bats, including insect families that are significant components of the diet of a number of rare bat species. },
	keywords = {agrochemicals, bat diet, biodiversity, diptera, habitat fragmentation, insectivores, light trap},
	author = {Wickramasinghe, Liat P. and Harris, Stephen and Jones, Gareth and Vaughan Jennings, Nancy}
}
@article {2328,
	title = {Poachers alter mammal abundance, seed dispersal and seed predation in a Neotropical forest},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {227-239},
	keywords = {bushmeat, mammals, Neotropics, NO dung beetles mammals, poaching, seed dispersal, seed predation},
	author = {Wright, Josep. S and Zeballos, Horacio and Dominguez, Ivan and Gallardo, Marina M and Moreno, Marta C and Ibanez, Roberto}
}
