@article {1371,
	title = {Seasonal activity and species composition of dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) inhabiting cattle pastures in North Carolina},
	journal = {Annals Of The Entomological Society Of America},
	volume = {98},
	number = {3},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	month = {May},
	pages = {309-321},
	abstract = {Species composition and seasonal distribution of dung beetles were studied on dairy and beef cattle pastures in North Carolina. Study sites included a dairy located in the piedmont region (North Carolina Department of Agriculture Piedmont Research Station, Salisbury, NC) and a combined dairy/beef facility in the coastal plain (North Carolina Department of Agriculture Center for Environmental Farming Systems, Goldsboro, NC). Dung beetles were trapped in cattle pastures from March 2002 through September 2003 by using dung-baited pitfall traps. Trapping yielded 4,111 beetles representing 14 species from the piedmont dairy, including Aphodius prodromus Brahm, a new record for North Carolina. Totals of 57,026 beetles representing 28 species and 28,857 beetles representing 26 species were trapped from the dairy unit and beef unit in the coastal plain site, respectively. Onthophagus gazella (F.), a second new record for North Carolina, was collected from the coastal plain. Beetles common to all collection sites include Aphodius erraticus (L.), Aphodius fimetarius (L.), Aphodius granarius (L.), Aphodius pseudolividus Balthasar, Onthophagus tattrus Scbreber, Onthophagus hecate hecate Panzer, and Onthophagus pennsylvanicus Harold. The introduced beetle O. taurus dominated the dung beetle population, accounting for \&GT; 50\% of the total beetles caught at either site. Beetle activity was greatest from March until November, with activity declining during the winter. Nine exotic species in the genera Onthophagus and Aphodius represented nearly 95\% of the beetles trapped.},
	keywords = {African buffalo fly, aphodius, bovine dung, canada, cattle, coastal-plain, diptera, dung beetle, flies, growth, habitat, muscidae, north america, north carolina dung beetle, Onthophagus, onthophagus-taurus, piedmont, SURVIVAL},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228963400009 },
	author = {Bertone, Matt and Green, Jim and Washburn, Steve and Poore, Matt and Sorenson, Clyde and Watson, D. Wes}
}
@article {1575,
	title = {Composition and Structure of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) assemblages in mountain grasslands of the Southern Alps},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {97},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	month = {July},
	pages = {701-709},
	abstract = {This study attempts to estimate the in{\ss}uence of local environmental conditions on dung beetle assemblages in a bioclimatic transition area. Dung beetle assemblages were monitored by monthly dung-baited pitfall trapping from July to October at {\TH}ve sites in the Southern Alps (Verdon Valley). The sites were characterized by both elevation (},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, bioclimatic transition, Coprinae, European mountain, Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Errouissi, Faiek and Jay-Robert, Pierre and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Piau, Olivier}
}
@article {1789,
	title = {Dung Beetle Geographic Diversity Variation Along a Western Iberian Latitudinal Transect (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {93},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {331-344},
	author = {Hortal-Mu{\~n}oz, J and Mart{\'\i}n-Piera, F and Lobo, J}
}
@article {1790,
	title = {Dung beetle geographic diversity variation along a Western Iberian latitudinal transect (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {93},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {235-243},
	abstract = {To explore the richness and geographic turnover of dung beetle assemblages (Scar- abaeinae and Aphodiinae) inhabiting the Western Iberian peninsula, a latitudinal north{\DH}south transect was carried out in Portuguese territory. Estimators of alpha, beta, and gamma diversities were used, as well as the ratio Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae, which puts into evidence some dung beetle community spatial characteristics. Clustering methods were also used to ascertain relationships between biogeographical Portuguese regions and geographical patterns of species replacement. Although Scarabaeinae appears mainly responsible for overall and regional richness, Aphodiinae richness was rather low everywhere except for the southernmost plot of the transect investigated. The scarcity of Aphodiinae species is re{\ss}ected in the Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae ratio, a score that is, however, clearly biased toward the Aphodiinae in almost all the Iberian Peninsula. For this reason the pairwise turnover in species composition between sites is mainly determined by the variation in Scarabaeinae species. Peaks of },
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, biogeography, Dung beetles, faunistic turnover, Portugal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Hortal-Munoz, J. and Martin-Pierra, Fermin and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1796,
	title = {Investigations on sterility and deformities of Onthophagus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) induced by gamma radiation},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {50},
	number = {1},
	year = {1957},
	month = {jan},
	pages = {2-9},
	author = {Howden, Henry F.}
}
@article {1928,
	title = {Biogeographical and ecological factors affecting the altitudinal variation of mountainous communities of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea): a comparative study},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {93},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {359UZANN ENTOMOL SOC AMER},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {115-126},
	abstract = {The altitudinal variation in the richness and composition of communities of co-prophagous beetles in a mountainous landscape in Mexico is analyzed and the results obtained are compared with those of similar studies carried out in other parts of the world. Two nonexclusive processes are proposed as responsible for the assemblage of mountain fauna: horizontal colonization by elements originating from lineages distributed at higher latitudes and vertical colonization by lineages distributed at the same latitude but at different altitudes. The current analysis supports the hypothesis that when the horizontal colonization dominates, mountain faunas show a clear altitudinal substitution between large taxa with different evolutionary histories (e.g., Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) and the gradient of reduction in species richness is attenuated. This occurs in mountains of different continents and depends primarily on the degree of isolation and general orientation of thr mountain ranges. Conversely, when vertical colonization dominates, mountain faunas show only slight altitudinal substitution, and the reduction in richness is greater.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000089631600016},
	author = {Lobo, J. M. and Halffter, G}
}
@article {2120,
	title = {Volume as a predictor for biomass: Equations for neotropical scarabaeidae},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {99},
	number = {5},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {831-836},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000240607100010},
	author = {Radtke, M. G. and Da Fonseca, C. R. V. and Williamson, G. B.}
}
@article {2122,
	title = {Volume and linear measurements as predictors of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) biomass},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {98},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {548-551},
	abstract = {We compared volumetric and linear measurements as predictors for biomass in Scar- abaeidae. Linear measurements were performed with calipers. Volumetric measurements were per- formed on a battery-powered top-loading balance, by using ArchimedesÕ Principle. Of four different linear variables, the most accurate predictor of biomass was the log transformation of elytra },
	keywords = {biomass, length-mass relationship, Neotropical Scarabaeidae, volume, volume-mass relationship},
	author = {Radtke, M. G. and Williamson, G. B.}
}
@article {2192,
	title = {Arthropods associated with bovine and equine dung in an ungrazedChihuahuan desert ecosystem},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {76},
	year = {1983},
	note = {have copy of book},
	pages = {790-796},
	keywords = {Dung, dung beetle, food, mammals mammals, resources},
	author = {Schoenly, K}
}
@article {2277,
	title = {Larval morphology and breeding behavior of the genus Pedaridium Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {94},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {596-604},
	abstract = {The third-instar larva and breeding behavior of Pedaridium almeidai Pereira and P. brasiliensis Ferreira \& Galileo are described using material collected at Sa ̃ o Paulo, Brazil, and, the third-instar larva of P. adisi (Ratcliffe) is redescribed. The most important morphological charac- teristics for larval stages are found in the epipharynx, the setation of the venter of the last abdominal segment, the endoskeletal lines of the anal lobes, the mandibles, and the respiratory plate of the thoracic spiracle. A key to the known larvae of the genus Pedaridium is also provided. Results show that P. almeidai is more similar to P. adisi than P. brasiliensis. The presence/absence of stridulatory areas on the mandibles, the form of the frontal suture, the form of the sensorial area of the antennae, the form of the molar and scissorial areas of the mandibles, and the different size and form of the lacinia suggest a possible polyphyly of the genus Pedaridium. Results con{\TH}rm the endocoprid breeding behavior of Pedaridium, which together with Trichillum, represents the most primitive breeding pattern of Scarabaeinae. In the species studied, there is neither food relocation nor brood ball construction. This primitive breeding behavior implies exploitation without modi{\TH}cation or relocation of the resource. Possible kleptoparasitism was observed in P. brasiliensis.},
	keywords = {Ateuchini, breeding patterns, Dung beetles, larval description, Scarabaeoidea, taxonomy},
	author = {Verdu, Jose R. and Galante, Eduardo}
}
