@article {1362,
	title = {Comparative phylogeography and speciation of dung beetles from the Australian Wet Tropics rainforest},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {23},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {4984-4998},
	abstract = {In tropical rainforests, insects show especially high species richness and local endemism of species relative to vertebrates. One possible cause is that insects respond to historical fluctuations of rainforests on a smaller spatial scale than do vertebrates. To evaluate this hypothesis, we combine environmental niche models and mitochondrial DNA phylo- geography for two pairs of sister species of the dung beetle genus Temnoplectron  (T. aene- opiceum{\textendash}T. subvolitans and T. politulum{\textendash}T. reyi) from the rainforests of northeastern Australia, where climate-driven rainforest fluctuations in the Quaternary have strongly influenced genetic and species diversity of vertebrates. Within both species pairs, the bio- climatic niche was conserved, but the T. aeneopiceum{\textendash}T. subvolitans species pair had the narrower environmental range, and thus more restricted potential distribution. Coalescent analyses indicated Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene divergences for both species pairs, and earlier speciation in (T. aeneopiceum{\textendash}T. subvolitans) than in (T. politulum{\textendash}T. reyi). Phylogeographic structure in (T. aeneopiceum{\textendash}T. subvolitans) was more pronounced than in (T. politulum{\textendash}T. reyi), with significant isolation-by-distance in the former species-pair only. Nested clade and coalescence analyses indicated local range expansions for the T. aeneopiceum{\textendash}subvolitans species pair and range-wide expansion for both T. politulum and T. reyi. We suggest that stronger phylogeographic structure and earlier divergence in (T. aeneopiceum{\textendash}T. subvolitans) than in (T. politulum{\textendash}T. reyi) reflects a stronger influence of environmental barriers to gene flow under the present climate and greater sensitivity to warmer and drier periods of the Quaternary. The two species pairs evidently responded to Quaternary rainforest fluctuations at spatial scales similar to those seen within low-vagility species of vertebrate. Despite this similarity of scale, these insect lineages are reproduc- tively isolated at parapatric boundaries, whereas analogous lineages of vertebrates often are not. We suggest that rapid evolution of genitalia may facilitate geographic speciation in rainforest beetles. },
	keywords = {Dung beetles, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography, speciation, Temnoplectron, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Bell, Karen L. and Moritz, Craig and Moussalli, Adnan and Yeates, David K.}
}
@article {1363,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Temnoplectron Westwood (Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae) from Australia{\textquoteright}s wet tropics},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {31},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {PDF},
	month = {May},
	pages = {741-753},
	abstract = {The landscape of the Australian Wet Tropics can be described as "islands" of montane rainforest Surrounded by warmer or more xeric habitats. Historical glaciation cycles have caused expansion and contraction of these rainforest "islands" leading to consistent patterns of genetic divergence within species of vertebrates. To explore whether this dynamic history has promoted speciation in endemic and diverse groups Of insects, we used a combination of mtDNA sequencing and morphological characters to estimate relationships and the tempo of divergence among Australian representatives of the dung beetle genus Temnoplectron. This phylogenetic hypothesis shares a number of well-supported clades with a previously published phylogenetic hypothesis based on morphological data. though statistical support for several nodes is weak. Sister species relationships well-supported in both tree topologies. and a tree obtained by combining the two data sets. suggest that speciation has mostly been allopatric. We identify a number of speciation barriers, which coincide with phylogeographic breaks found in vertebrate species. Large sequence divergences between species emphasize that speciation events are ancient (pre- Pleistocene). The flightless, rainforest species appear to have speciated rapidly. but also in the distant past.},
	keywords = {biogeography, Dung beetles, molecular phylogeny, speciation, tropical rainforest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220948000025},
	author = {Bell, K. L. and Yeates, D. K. and Moritz, C. and Monteith, G. B.}
}
@article {1393,
	title = {Effect of vagility potential on dispersal and speciation in rainforest insects},
	journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
	volume = {17},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {994-1006},
	keywords = {biogeography, dispersal, Dung beetles, evolution, rainforest, speciation, vagility, vicariance},
	author = {Bouchard, P. and Brooks, D. R.}
}
@article {2098,
	title = {Rapid antagonistic coevolution between primary and secondary sexual characters in horned beetles},
	journal = {Evolution},
	volume = {62},
	number = {9},
	year = {2008},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {2423-2428},
	abstract = {Different structures may compete during development for a shared and limited pool of resources to sustain growth and differ- entiation. The resulting resource allocation trade-offs have the potential to alter both ontogenetic outcomes and evolutionary trajectories. However, little is known about the evolutionary causes and consequences of resource allocation trade-offs in natural populations. Here, we explore the significance of resource allocation trade-offs between primary and secondary sexual traits in shaping early morphological divergences between four recently separated populations of the horned beetle Onthophagus taurus as well as macroevolutionary divergence patterns across 10 Onthophagus species. We show that resource allocation trade-offs leave a strong signature in morphological divergence patterns both within and between species. Furthermore, our results suggest that genital divergence may, under certain circumstances, occur as a byproduct of evolutionary changes in secondary sexual traits. Given the importance of copulatory organ morphology for reproductive isolation our findings begin to raise the possibility that secondary sexual trait evolution may promote speciation as a byproduct. We discuss the implications of our results on the causes and consequences of resource allocation trade-offs in insects. },
	keywords = {Aedeagus, Horned beetle, Onthophagus, resource allocation trade-off, speciation},
	author = {Parzer, Harald F. and Moczek, Armin P.}
}
