@article {1459,
	title = {Ungulate community structure and ecological processes: body size, hoof area and trampling in African savannas},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {134},
	number = {4},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 37Cited References:      ABDELMAGID AH, 1987, J RANGE MANAGE, V40, P303     ABDELMAGID AH, 1987, J RANGE MANAGE, V40, P307     ALTMANN SA, 1987, J ZOOL, V211, P215     BARDSLEY WG, 2001, SIMFIT REFERENCE MAN     BENNETT MB, 1999, J ZOOL 3, V247, P365     BROWN JH, 2000, SCALING BIOL     CALDER WA, 1984, SIZE FUNCTION LIFE H     COE MJ, 1976, OECOLOGIA, V22, P341     COLLINSON RFH, 1982, INKWE, V1, P1     CUMMING DHM, 1982, ECOLOGY TROPICAL SAV, P217     CUMMING DHM, 1997, S AFR J SCI, V93, P231     CUMMING DHM, 1999, STUDY DEV TRANSBOUND     DADKHAH M, 1980, WATER RESOUR BULL, V16, P979     DAMUTH J, 1981, BIOL J LINN SOC, V15, P185     ECKERT RE, 1986, J RANGE MANAGE, V39, P414     FRITZ H, 1994, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V256, P77     GARLAND T, 1983, AM NAT, V121, P571     GIFFORD GF, 1980, UTAH AGR EXP STN RES, V50, P1     JOLICOEUR P, 1990, J THEOR BIOL, V144, P257     LABARBERA M, 1989, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V20, P97     LAWS RM, 1970, OIKOS, V21, P1     LAWTON JH, 1994, OIKOS, V71, P367     LULL HW, 1959, USDA FOREST SERV MIS, V768, P1     MENTIS MT, 1981, VELD PASTURE MANAGEM, P287     OWENSMITH RN, 1988, MEGAHERBIVORES INFLU     OWENSMITH RN, 1993, P 17 INT GRASSL C NZ, V1, P691     PETERS RH, 1983, ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATI     PLUMPTRE AJ, 1993, AFR J ECOL, V32, P115     PROTHERO J, 1986, J THEOR BIOL, V118, P259     SKINNER JD, 1990, MAMMALS SO AFRICAN S     SMITHERS RHN, 1983, MAMMALS SO AFRICAN S     SOKAL RR, 1995, BIOMETRY PRINCIPLES     SPRUGEL DG, 1983, ECOLOGY, V64, P209     SSEMAKULA J, 1983, AFR J ECOL, V21, P325     VILJOEN PJ, 1990, S AFR J WILDL RES, V20, P65     WARREN SD, 1986, J RANGE MANAGE, V39, P491     WESTERN D, 1979, AFR J ECOL, V17, P185EnglishArticle655ZDOECOLOGIA},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {560-568},
	abstract = {A wide range of bioenergetic, production, life history and ecological traits scale with body size in vertebrates. However, the consequences of differences in community body-size structure for ecological processes have not been explored. We studied the scaling relationships between body mass, shoulder height, hoof area, stride length and daily ranging distance in African ungulates ranging in size from the 5 kg dik-dik to the 5,000 kg African elephant, and the implications of these relationships on the area trampled by single and multi-species herbivore communities of differing structure. Hoof area, shoulder height and stride length were strongly correlated with body mass (Pearson{\textquoteright}s r >0.98, 0.95 and 0.90, respectively). Hoof area scaled linearly to body mass with a slope of unity, implying that the pressures exerted on the ground per unit area by a small antelope and an elephant are identical. Shoulder height and stride length scaled to body mass with similar slopes of 0.32 and 0.26, respectively; larger herbivores have relatively shorter legs and take relatively shorter steps than small herbivores, and so trample a greater area of ground per unit distance travelled. We compared several real and hypothetical single- and multi-species ungulate communities using exponents of between 0.1 and 0.5 for the body mass to daily ranging distance relationship and found that the estimated area trampled was greater in communities dominated by larger animals. The impacts of large herbivores are not limited to trampling. Questions about the ecological implications of community body-size structure for such variables as foraging and food intake, dung quality and deposition rates, methane production, and daily travelling distances remain clear research priorities.},
	keywords = {African herbivores, allometry, body mass, ecosystems, elephants, infiltration, livestock, mammals, pressures, scaling, soil, vegetation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000181582700014},
	author = {Cumming, D. H. M. and Cumming, G. S.}
}
@article {1916,
	title = {Amounts of dung buried and soil excavated by certain Coprini (Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Kansas Entomological Society},
	volume = {6},
	number = {4},
	year = {1933},
	note = {have copy and digital copy (low quality)some observations of his- that 2 Dichotomius carolinus could remove nearly an entire cow pie, that they avoided horse dung. they were very seasonally active- appeared in may and disappeared in october. a single beetle could move between 6.2 and 126.8 grams of manure into their burrow, 11-57 cm deep. removal of between 96.4 and 1220.9g. gives stats of amount of dung removed and soil moved by a few different species. Dung beetle pairs do more (in varying ratios) than single beetles. this paper points to seasonal variation in the depth and distance from the dung pat of tunnels made by D. carolinus, Copris tullis and Phanaeus. these tunnels were all differetly shaped, lacking in branches and pockets and stored manure, all at least twice as deep as others, and may represent their overwintering tunnels},
	pages = {109-125},
	keywords = {annotated, Dung, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, fertilization, nitrogen, soil},
	author = {Lindquist, Arthur}
}
@conference {2019,
	title = {Contribuci{\'o}n del escarabajo estercolero africano en la mejor{\'\i}a de la fertilidad del suelo},
	booktitle = {Mem{\'o}rias do Primer Simposio Internacional de Geraci{\'o}n de Valor en la Produci{\'o}n de Carne},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {187-200},
	publisher = {Universidade CES},
	organization = {Universidade CES},
	address = {Medell{\'\i}n, Col{\^o}mbia},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, soil},
	author = {Miranda, C. H. B.}
}
@article {2059,
	title = {Decomposition of the organic materials and soil fauna in pasture; 2. Disappearance of cow dung},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1975},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {129-132},
	keywords = {decomposition, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, ecosystem services, soil, sucession},
	author = {Nakamura, Y.}
}
@article {2167,
	title = {Variations in the amino-acid content in zebu dung in the Sahel during nesting by dung-beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry},
	volume = {22},
	number = {2},
	year = {1990},
	note = {julio has copy},
	pages = {217-223},
	keywords = {Africa, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem services, nutrient cycling, soil},
	author = {Rougon, D and Rougon, C and Levieux, J}
}
@article {2168,
	title = {Enrichissement en mati{\`e}re organique d{\textquoteright}um sol sah{\'e}lien au Niger par les insectes coprophages (Coleoptera. Scarabaeidae): implications agronomiques},
	journal = {Revue d{\textquoteright}{\'E}cologie et de Biologie du Sol},
	volume = {25},
	year = {1988},
	note = {julio has hard copy},
	pages = {413-434},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, nutrient cycling, soil},
	author = {Rougon, D and Rougon, C and Trichet, J and Levieux, J}
}
@article {2332,
	title = {Effect of tunneler dung beetles on cattle dung decomposition, soil nutrients and herbage growth },
	journal = {Grassland Science},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2007},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {121-129},
	abstract = {Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of dung beetles on cattle dung decomposition, soil nutrients and herbage growth. On an orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) pasture, three treatments, each composed of 1 kg of cattle dung, were placed in a randomized block design. For each treatment, dung beetles of three tunneler species were released at a density of 0, 40 or 80 beetles per dung sample in the 2000 experiment and 0, 40 or 120 beetles per dung sample in the 2001{\textendash}2002 experiment. The respective weights and nutrient contents in the dung sample remnants were measured for 56 days; nutrients in the soil beneath the dung samples were also measured for the same period in the 2001{\textendash}2002 experiment. Additionally, herbage yield along with the dung weight and nutrients were measured over 2 years in the 2001{\textendash}2002 experiment. In both the 2000 and 2001{\textendash} 2002 experiments, the greater the dung beetles released, the greater the decomposition and loss of nutrients from the dung. Inorganic nitrogen (N) in the soil of beetle-released plots increased considerably until the seventh day according to the beetles released. That pattern in the soil reflected the N loss from the dung. Trends of available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K) in the soil were not explained so clearly as the case of N. Yield and N and P uptakes of herbage around the dung were significantly larger in the beetle-released plot than in the no-beetle released plot in September of the first year in the 2001{\textendash}2002 experiment. In other seasons (July 2001 and May, July and September 2002), however, significant relationships between yield and nutrient uptakes of herbage and dung beetle activities were not detected. These results indicate that dung beetles promoted dung decomposition and nutrient transfer from the dung to soil, however, subsequent effects on herbage growth were not clear under field conditions. },
	keywords = {biomass, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, nutrient mobilization, plants, soil},
	author = {Yamada, Daigo and Imura, Osamu and Shi, Kun and Shibuya, Takeshi}
}
