@article {1348,
	title = {Ateuchus robustus (Harold, 1868) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dichotomiina): descriziones del terzo stadio larvale e della pupa},
	journal = {Giornale Italiano di Entomologia},
	volume = {6},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {187-193},
	keywords = {Dichotomiina, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Barbero, Enrico and Palestrini, Claudia}
}
@article {1516,
	title = {Necrophilous Scarabaeidae and Trogidae beetles of tropical deciduous forest in Tepexco, Puebla, Mexico},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {1-13},
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, Mexico, necrophagous, Scarabaeidae, Trogidae, tropical deciduous forest},
	author = {DeLoya, Cuauhtemoc}
}
@article {1705,
	title = {Reduced Splash Dispersal of Bovine Parasitic Nematodes from Cow Pats by the Dung Beetle Diastellopalpus-Quinquedens},
	journal = {Journal of Parasitology},
	volume = {78},
	number = {5},
	year = {1992},
	note = {have copy},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {845-848},
	abstract = {From a thoroughly mixed portion of cattle feces with Cooperia sp. eggs, 1-kg artificial pats were placed in 6 buckets containing 6 kg of soil each. Ten dung beetles, Diastellopalpus quinquedens, were added to each of 3 buckets. The remaining 3 buckets served as controls without beetles. When infective parasite larvae (L3) had developed in the cow pats indoors, the following procedure was followed. During occasions of rainfall each bucket was placed outdoors in the center of a wider and higher container. When the rain stopped all buckets were brought indoors, and infective larvae spread by splash droplets during the rain were collected in the containers and counted. After 33 days, the remaining dung on the soil surface in buckets with dung beetles constituted only 38\% of that in the controls. Moreover, the number of L3 in feces left on the soil surface in the buckets with beetles was reduced by 88\%, presumably due to beetle activity. This may explain the 70-90\% reduction in splash dispersal of L3 of Cooperia sp. from cow pats attacked by beetles. The dung-burying activity of the beetles did not result in increased numbers of L3 in the soil under the cow pats, suggesting that many of the parasites in buried feces were destroyed.},
	keywords = {cooperia, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, larvae, trichostrongylidae},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992JR77300017},
	author = {Gronvold, J. and Sommer, C. and Holter, P. and Nansen, P.}
}
@article {1716,
	title = {A comparative study of the structure of the scarab guild in Mexican tropical rain forests and derived ecosystems},
	journal = {Folia Entomol{\'o}gica Mexicana},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1992},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {131-156},
	keywords = {community ecology (biological conservation 2007), conservation, modification, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Favila, Mario E and Violeta Halffter}
}
@article {1770,
	title = {The Response of Some Rain-Forest Insect Groups to Logging and Conversion to Plantation},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences},
	volume = {335},
	number = {1275},
	year = {1992},
	note = {HN461PHIL TRANS ROY SOC LONDON B},
	month = {Mar 30},
	pages = {425-436},
	abstract = {Data and analyses from pilot studies in the Danum area of Sabah, East Malaysia, and elsewhere in the Indo-Australian tropics are used to measure the effects of logging and other human disturbance, such as conversion to plantation, on insect diversity. The two insect groups studied have very different trophic requirements: moths, with floristically specific herbivory, and dung and carrion beetles, exploiting resources of much more uniform quality over different forest systems. Moths show significant loss of diversity and taxonomic quality with disturbance and conversion to plantation. The beetles show much less change in diversity and faunistic composition. The implications for conservation of biodiversity are discussed, and suggestions for further work are made.},
	keywords = {forest change biodiversity dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992HN46100011},
	author = {Holloway, J. D. and Kirkspriggs, A. H. and Khen, C. V.}
}
@article {1851,
	title = {Use of Scattered Resources in Rain-Forest of Humid Tropical Lowlands},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {24},
	number = {2},
	year = {1992},
	note = {BJB550BIOTROPICA},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {293-308},
	abstract = {Well developed, complex rain forests of humid tropical lowlands (RFHTL) do not seem to support large populations of animals compared with other types of forest. Recent studies of terrestrial and understory species of tropical and subtropical forests indicate that the resources available to animals of RFHTL are generally scattered and uncommon. Human populations that utilize this environment contend with a similar pattern of resource availability. On the forest floor only ants and termites, among insects, are consistently common; they are utilized as food by a variety of specialized ground insectivores. Terrestrial herbivores that eat large fallen fruit are also generally scarce as are the often specialized insectivores that seek typically uncommon understory foliage insects, The low densities and high degrees of specialization that accommodate animal species to resources of RFHTL may be ultimately due to a combination of relatively low net primary productivity of undisturbed mature rain forest and the rapid rate of microbial decomposition of forest litter. To develop strategies of conservation suited to RFHTL it will be necessary to understand both the responses of animals to catastrophic disturbances and the often idiosyncratic ways in which animals and people utilize scattered and scarce resources.},
	keywords = {dung beetles forest function},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1992JB55000010},
	author = {Kikkawa, J. and Dwyer, P. D.}
}
@article {1854,
	title = {Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) active in patchy forest and pasture habitats in Santa Cruz Province, Bolivia, during spring},
	journal = {Folia Entomologica Mexicana},
	volume = {84},
	year = {1992},
	note = {1992ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {45-54},
	abstract = {The abundance, habitat preferences and flight periods of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in spring was obtained by using cattle dung baited pitfall traps at 4 sites in patchy forest and pasture habitats in Santa Cruz Province, Bolivia. Nine species were trapped in the forest habitat and 4 in the pasture habitat. One species, Onthophagus ptox was trapped in forest and pasture habitats, the other species were stenotopic, found only in forest or only in pasture. Twice as many beetles were attracted to the forest traps but their mean dry weight (biomass/beetle) was 3 times less than the mean dry weight of pasture species. The most important beetles (in terms of biomass) in the forest, Eurysternus caribeus and Ontherus appendiculatus were similar in size and had the same flight periods but their dung utilization methods were different. The most important beetles in the pasture habitat had different flight activities, Gromphas aeruginosa flying during the day and Ontherus sulcator during the night. When forest is cleared, stenotopic forest dung beetles will disappear resulting in reduced species richness. The effect of reduced dung beetle activity in patchy forest could impact on soil structure fertility and water retention making it difficult for reestablishment of the forest.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Behavior-, Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Digestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation), Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Eurysternus-caribaeus (C, Forestry-, Invertebrata-, Metabolism-, Physiology-},
	author = {Kirk, A. A.}
}
@article {1855,
	title = {The effect of the dung pad fauna on the emergence of Musca tempestiva (Dipt.: Muscidae) from dung pads in southern France},
	journal = {Entomophaga},
	volume = {37},
	number = {4},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Article-English disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {507-514},
	abstract = {The emergence of Musca tempestiva Fallen, from cow pads in southern France was reduced by a mean of 98\% and 96\% respectively in nine experiments concluded in 1979 and 1981, by the action of the complete dung fauna. Fauna emerging from dung pads and captured in simultaneous trapping using dung baited pitfall traps consisted of 13 Dipterous species (9 Muscidae, 2-Sepsidae and 2 Sphaeroceridae), 25-Coleopterous species (7 Scarabaeidae, 1 Geotrupidae, 2 Aphodiidae, 3 Hydrophilidae, 12 Staphylinidae), 3 Hymenopterous parasites and 1 species of macrochelid and 2 species of parasitoid mites carried phoretically by the dung beetles. The total number of insects and mites per trap was usually small. The Staphylinidae which included 4 Aleochara species of which Aleochara tristits Gravenhorst and A. bipustulata (L.) are known parasitoids of Diptera pupae, and 6 predatory species, were the most abundant insects present. Whilst the overall abundance of insects and mites trapped was relatively low it is probable that the most important factor in the control of M. tempestiva was the combined influence of the different elements making up the dung pad fauna.},
	keywords = {Acarina-: Chelicerata-, Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Development-, Diptera-: Insecta-, Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Economic-Entomology, Invertebrata-, Parasitology-, Physiology-},
	author = {Kirk, A. A.}
}
@article {1917,
	title = {Modification in the dung beetles communities on highland grasslands of the Iberian Central System (Spain) along an altitudinal gradient},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie},
	number = {53},
	year = {1992},
	note = {1992ArticleSpanish; Non English},
	pages = {15-31},
	abstract = {The effect of a moderated altitudinal variation (500 m) on the dung beetle communities is studied in highland grasslands of the Iberian Central System. The more is the altitude the less is the richness of these communities. This decrease is more important in the warm south slope stations than in the north slope stations, since south slope grasslands are inhabited for a larger number of species with small populations, which are unable to colonize grasslands of the highest altitude. The Scarabaeidae species are the principal component of this latter group. However there is not an altitudinal variation in the abundance. In addition, north-slope dung beetle communities have a lesser number of species, but similar number of individuals and larger biomass. These results are in accordance with a density compensation pattern.},
	keywords = {altitudinal-distribution, Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera- (Coleoptera-), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Physiology-},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1958,
	title = {Changes in Resources Consequences for the Dynamics of Dung Beetle Communities},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {2},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {349-356},
	abstract = {1. The effects of a change from sheep to cattle grazing on dung beetle communities were studied under Mediterranean conditions. 2. Five years after the beginning of a change in the grazing regime, dung resources had increased by a factor of 3 and led to a 3-fold increase in beetle numbers and a 2.5-fold increase in biomass. 3. Marked re-adjustments towards a new equilibrium occurred in the dung beetle communities, with drastic changes in the relative frequencies of many species. Dwellers became dominant, coexisting with medium and large tunnellers. No significant changes in species composition occurred during the same period. 4. Mediterranean pasture ecosystems show a strong resilience allowing them to re-adjust rapidly to the processes of recycling organic matter.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, sheep cattle coleoptera biomass mediterranean pasture ecosystem},
	author = {Lumaret, J. P. and Kadiri, N. and Bertrand, M.}
}
@article {1596,
	title = {Records of native dung beetles Onthophagus pexatus Harold, O. auritus Erichson and O. granulatus Boheman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) at dog scats and their potential for biocontrol of dog dung},
	journal = {Victorian Entomologist},
	volume = {22},
	number = {5},
	year = {1992},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {105{\textendash}108},
	keywords = {carnivore, dung beetle, dung mammals, food resources, mammal},
	author = {Faithfull, I}
}
@article {2197,
	title = {Faunal transitions in response to an ice age: the late Wisconsinan record of Coleoptera in the North-central United States},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {46},
	number = {1},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {68-94},
	author = {Schwert, Donald P.}
}
@article {2251,
	title = {The phenology of the native dung beetle Onthophagus australis (Guerin) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in south-eastern Australia},
	journal = {Australian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {303-311},
	abstract = {Onthophagus australis (Guerin) is predominantly univoltine at two sites in south-eastern Australia, with peaks of activity in spring when most oviposition takes place, and in autumn when the new generation emerges. It overwinters mainly in the adult stage, and populations decline during summer droughts. The optimum temperature for oviposition is between 20 and 25"C, and the beetle produces food balls intermittently throughout life. The threshold temperature for development was estimated to be 5.2"C, and 1612 day-degrees PC) are required for development from egg to adult. In the laboratory, 100 beetles in a 1-L dung pad are able to reduce bush fly survival by 74\%, and reduce the size of the fly puparia by 18\%. In spring, when bush flies first build up their populations in the field, numbers of 0. australis did not often reach 100 per pad, thus limiting their usefulness for the biological control of the bush fly.},
	author = {Tyndale-Biscoe, M and Walker, Josephine}
}
