@article {2160,
	title = {Dung beetle movements at two spatial scales},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {91},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
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	month = {Nov},
	pages = {323-335},
	abstract = {To understand the dynamics of spatially structured populations, we need to know the level of movements at different spatial scales. This paper reports on Aphodius dung beetle movements at two scales: movements between dung pats within pastures, and movements between pastures. First, I test an assumption common to many recent models of spatially structured populations - that the probability of an individual moving between habitat patches decreases exponentially with distance. For dung beetles, I find sufficient evidence to reject this assumption. The distribution of dispersal distances was clearly leptokurtic, with more individuals moving short and long distances than expected on the basis of an exponential function. In contrast, the data were well described by a power function. I conclude that dung beetle movements include an element of non-randomness not captured by the simplistic exponential model. The power function offers a promising alternative, but the actual mechanisms behind the pattern need to be clarified. Second, I compare several species of Aphodius to each other. Although these species occur in the same network of habitat patches, their movement patterns are different enough to result in a mixture of different spatial population structures. Movements between pastures were more frequent the larger the species, the more specific its occurrence in relation to pat age, and the more specialized it is on cow dung and open pasture habitats. Within pastures, all species form "patchy" populations, with much movement among individual pats.},
	keywords = {APHODIUS SCARABAEIDAE, butterfly, colonization, euphydryas-editha-bayensis, long-distance dispersal, melitaea-cinxia, metapopulation structure, migration, patch size, proclossiana-eunomia lepidoptera, resource utilization},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000166017800013},
	author = {Roslin, T.}
}
@article {2161,
	title = {Large-scale spatial ecology of dung beetles},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {24},
	number = {5},
	year = {2001},
	note = {EnglishArticleOCTECOGRAPHY},
	pages = {511-524},
	abstract = {Recent modelling work shows that the composition of local communities can be influenced by the configuration of the surrounding landscape, but many of these models assume that all community members display the same type of extinction- colonization dynamics. I use Aphodius dung beetles to test the hypothesis that interspecific differences in habitat selection and dispersal capacity may translate into differences in spatial population dynamics, even among closely related species coexisting on the same resource. If this is true, then groups of species with different. characteristics would show different responses to landscape configuration. I first divided the area of Finland into a grid, and used collection records to describe regional variation in the Aphodius fauna of open cattle pastures. I then sampled dung beetles on 131 cattle farms, to examine whether the subset of species found on each farm was related to the density of pastures in the surrounding grid square. Finally, I used historical records to analyze changes in dung beetle communities during the last century, when there was great loss of pasture. Overall, I found no relationship between landscape characteristics and the total proportion of the regional species pool that was found on each farm. However, the distribution of species among guilds with different habitat specificity did related to the configuration of the landscape, and the pattern was most pronounced in a specialists species with limited dispersal. Associations between community structure and landscape configuration were superimposed on two much larger and stronger patterns: a large-scale latitudinal gradient in regional species richness, and a decelerating gain of species to local communities with an increasing regional species pool. I conclude that ecological variation among community members is a crucial factor in the analysis of local community composition, and that local species richness should always be conditioned on regional richness.},
	keywords = {abundance, assemblages, coexistence, communities, FINLAND, gradients, LATITUDINAL, METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS, PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS, REGIONAL DIVERSITY, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Roslin, T.}
}
@article {2162,
	title = {Spatial population structure in a patchily distributed beetle},
	journal = {Molecular Ecology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {823-837},
	abstract = {The dynamics and evolution of populations will critically depend on their spatial structure.Hence, a recent emphasis on one particular type of structure{\textemdash}the metapopulation conceptof Levins{\textemdash}can only be justified by empirical assessment of spatial population structuresin a wide range of organisms. This paper focuses onAphodius fossor, a dung beetle specializedon cattle pastures. An agricultural database was used to locate nearly 50 000 localpopulationsofA. fossorin Finland. Several independent methods were then used to quantify key processesin this vast population system.Allozyme markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)sequences were applied to examine genetic differentiation of local populations and to deriveindirect estimates of gene flow. These estimates were compared to values expected on thebasis of direct observations of dispersing individuals and assessments of local effectivepopulation size. Molecular markers revealed striking genetic homogeneity inA. fossor.Differentiation was only evident in mtDNA haplotype frequencies between the isolated{\r A}land islands and the Finnish mainland. Thus, indirect estimates of gene flow agreed withdirect observations that local effective population size inA. fossoris large (hundreds ofindividuals), and that in each generation, a substantial fraction (approximately one-fifth) ofthe individuals move between populations. Large local population size, extreme haplotypediversity and a high regional incidence ofA. fossorall testify against recurrent populationturnover. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that the whole mainlandpopulation ofA. fossoris better described as one large {\textquoteleft}patchy population{\textquoteright}, with substantialmovement between relatively persistent local populations, than as a classical metapopulation.},
	keywords = {allozymes, aphodius, gene flow, genetic differentiation, mitochondrial DNA, spatial population structure},
	author = {Roslin, T.}
}
@article {2163,
	title = {Distribution and abundance of dung beetles in fragmented landscapes},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {127},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	note = {digital \& hard copy copy},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {69-77},
	abstract = {Related species utilising similar resources are often assumed to show similar spatial population structures and dynamics. This paper reports substantial ecological variation within a set of Aphodius dung beetles occurring in the same patchily distributed resource, livestock dung in pastures. We show how variation in habitat and resource selectivity, in the rate of movements between pastures, and in the distribution of local population sizes all contribute to interspecific differences in spatial population structures. Local dung beetle assemblages are compared between two landscapes with different densities of pastures. In one of the landscapes, we contrast the abundances and regional distributions of Aphodius before and after 15 years of rapid habitat loss. Different species show very dissimilar responses to changes in the structure of the landscape. Our results suggest that generalist Aphodius species, and specialist species with high dispersal powers, occur as large "patchy" populations in the landscape. In contrast? a strict pasture specialist species with limited dispersal powers (A. pusillus) forms classical metapopulations. At the community level, interspecific differences in spatial population structures make the local community composition a function of the structure of the surrounding landscape.},
	keywords = {aphodius, APHODIUS SCARABAEIDAE, assemblage, COLEOPTERA, community, diversity, dynamics, europe mammals, habitat loss, metapopulation, patchy, population, resource utilization, serpentine, spatial population structure, stability},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000167629200008},
	author = {Roslin, T. and Koivunen, A.}
}
