@article {1766,
	title = {Stridulation in Aphodius dung beetles: behavioral context and intraspecific variability of song patterns in Aphodius ater (Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior},
	volume = {14},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {69-88},
	abstract = {Aphodius dung beetles produce substrate vibrations by means of an abdomino- alary stridulatory organ. Applying a method that allows the recording of Aphodius vibrations under natural conditions in a small amount of dung, the stridulatory behavior of Aphodius ater was investigated. Male A. ater are acoustically active, while females rarely stridulate. Males have a complex song, which consists of a series of different patterns that are displayed in a specific order over a considerable time when a female is encountered in the dung. Different populations show the same stridulatory patterns but individ- ual variability is high and males display songs with differing complexity. It is hypothesized that females use the information within the song in the context of mate choice.},
	keywords = {communication, geographic variability, mate choice, mating system, substrate vibration},
	author = {Hirschberger, Petra}
}
@article {1908,
	title = {Pre- and post-copulatory mate selection mechanisms in an african dung beetle, Circellium bacchus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {111-122},
	abstract = {Females of most taxa mate selectively. Mate selection may be: (1) pre- copulatory, involving active female choice and male-male competition, and (2) post- copulatory, with cryptic female choice and sperm competition. Because female dung beetles (Circellium bacchus) invest heavily in parental care by ball-rolling and remaining with developing larva they are, therefore, expected to be highly selective when mating. Mate choice in this species was investigated via behavioral observations and investigations of genital allometry of both sexes, leading to conclusions about the mechanisms of, and male characteristics important in, female choice. Male{\textendash}male competition seems to be crucial in mate selection of C. bacchus, although the females appeared to show no active mate choice. There is a negative allometric relationship between genital size and body size of males as predicted by the {\textquoteleft}one size fits all{\textquoteright} hypothesis (where males have genitalia that fit average-sized females). For the females, no relationship was found between genital size and body size. This might be as a result of the non-sclerotized nature of female genitalia, which may allow for greater morphological plasticity.},
	keywords = {genital allometry ., male, mate choice ., Sexual selection ., {\textendash}male competition ., {\textquoteleft}one size fits all{\textquoteright} hypothesis},
	author = {Le Roux, Elizabeth and Scholtz, Clarke H. and Kinahan, A. A. and Bateman, P. W.}
}
@article {2126,
	title = {The influence of horn and body size on the reproductive behavior of the horned rainbow scarab beetle Phanaeus difformis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Behavior},
	volume = {7},
	number = {1},
	year = {1994},
	note = {1994ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {67-82},
	abstract = {The reproductive behavior of horned rainbow scarab beetles, Phanaeus difformis, was studied to determine the influence of morphological traits on intersexual and intrasexual interactions. Phanaeus difformis is a sexually dimorphic dung beetle in which males possess much larger horns than females, and males can be grouped into "major" and "minor" male morph categories based on horn size. Male-female pairs cooperated in nest construction and provisioning. In the laboratory, males of both morphs assisted females and were equally successful at copulating. However, in the field larger individuals had a pairing advantage due to greater success in intrasexual competition. Some males used an alternative mating tactic which involved sneaking copulations with paired females. In most cases the sneak male was smaller than the paired male.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Development-, Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Genetics-, in, Invertebrata-, morphology-, Phanaeus-difformis (Coleoptera-), Physiology-, Reproductive-System (Reproduction-)},
	author = {Rasmussen, Janet L.}
}
