@article {1565,
	title = {Phylogenetic evidence for an association between tunneling behavior and the evolution of horns in dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {60},
	number = {5},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Suppl. S},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {47-56},
	abstract = {Dung beetles employ numerous behavioral strategies to sequester dung away from other insects, and these have been broadly grouped into two categories: species that dig tunnels beneath the dung (tunnelers) and species that roll dung on the surface of the soil (rollers). Many species also are armed with rigid exoskeletal outgrowths called horns. Horns function as weapons, and horn sizes can be extreme. One widespread pattern within dung beetles is that tunneling species often have horns, whereas rolling species almost always do not, suggesting that residing (and fighting) inside tunnels at the dung deposition site may be an important ecological prerequisite for the evolution of horns in dung beetles. Here, we test explicitly for an historical association between tunneling behavior and the evolution of horns using a recent phylogeny for the scarabaeine dung beetles. We show that all eight of the independent gains of horns included in our analyses occurred on branches of the phylogeny reconstructed as tunneling, and that one of the three evolutionary losses of horns occurred on a branch that had lost tunneling behavior. We interpret this as evidence for a biologically meaningful association between tunneling behavior and the evolution of enlarged or exaggerated weapons such as horns, supporting the ideas of Eberhard and others that beetle horns may be most "beneficial" when used within the confines of restricted spaces such as burrows or tunnels.},
	keywords = {ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS, body-size, DIMORPHISM, FEMALE CHOICE, FIDDLER-CRAB, FIGHTS, FOOD RELOCATION, onthophagus-taurus, SELECTION, SEXUAL, TRADE-OFFS},
	isbn = {0010-065X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000243611100005 },
	author = {Emlen, D. J.}
}
@article {1570,
	title = {Phylogenetic evidence for an association between tunneling behavior and the evolution of horns in dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {60},
	number = {5},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Suppl. S},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {47-56},
	type = {monograph},
	abstract = {Dung beetles employ numerous behavioral strategies to sequester dung away from other insects, and these have been broadly grouped into two categories: species that dig tunnels beneath the dung (tunnelers) and species that roll dung on the surface of the soil (rollers). Many species also are armed with rigid exoskeletal outgrowths called horns. Horns function as weapons, and horn sizes can be extreme. One widespread pattern within dung beetles is that tunneling species often have horns, whereas rolling species almost always do not, suggesting that residing (and fighting) inside tunnels at the dung deposition site may be an important ecological prerequisite for the evolution of horns in dung beetles. Here, we test explicitly for an historical association between tunneling behavior and the evolution of horns using a recent phylogeny for the scarabaeine dung beetles. We show that all eight of the independent gains of horns included in our analyses occurred on branches of the phylogeny reconstructed as tunneling, and that one of the three evolutionary losses of horns occurred on a branch that had lost tunneling behavior. We interpret this as evidence for a biologically meaningful association between tunneling behavior and the evolution of enlarged or exaggerated weapons such as horns, supporting the ideas of Eberhard and others that beetle horns may be most "beneficial" when used within the confines of restricted spaces such as burrows or tunnels.},
	keywords = {ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS, body-size, DIMORPHISM, FEMALE CHOICE, FIDDLER-CRAB, FIGHTS, FOOD RELOCATION, onthophagus-taurus, SELECTION, SEXUAL, TRADE-OFFS},
	isbn = {0010-065X},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000243611100005 },
	author = {Emlen, Douglas J. and Philips, T. Keith}
}
@article {1870,
	title = {Sexual selection and condition dependence of courtship display in three species of horned dung beetles},
	journal = {Behavioral Ecology},
	volume = {13},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 62Cited References:      ANDERSSON M, 1986, EVOLUTION, V40, P804     ANDERSSON M, 1994, SEXUAL SELECTION     ANDERSSON M, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P53     ARNOLD SJ, 1984, EVOLUTION, V38, P709     BERGLUND A, 1996, BIOL J LINN SOC, V58, P385     BORGIA G, 1979, SEXUAL SELECTION REP, P19     BRODIE ED, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P313     BROWN L, 1985, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V78, P423     CANDOLIN U, 1999, ANIM BEHAV 6, V58, P1261     CANDOLIN U, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V49, P57     CANDOLIN U, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P785     CHARLESWORTH B, 1987, SEXUAL SELECTION TES, P21     COOK D, 1988, AUST J ZOOL, V36, P521     COOK D, 1987, AUST J ZOOL, V35, P123     COOK DF, 1990, ANIM BEHAV, V40, P428     DARWIN CR, 1871, DESCENT MAN SELECTIO     DAVID P, 2000, NATURE, V406, P186     DAVID P, 1998, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V265, P2211     EBERHARD WG, 1982, AM NAT, V119, P420     EBERHARD WG, 1991, EVOLUTION, V45, P18     EBERHARD WG, 1987, J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC, V60, P504     EBERHARD WG, 1979, SEXUAL SELECTION REP, P231     EMLEN DJ, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P335     EMLEN DJ, 1994, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V256, P131     EMLEN ST, 1977, SCIENCE, V197, P215     ENDLER JA, 1986, NATURAL SELECTION WI     FALCONER DS, 1989, INTRO QUANTITATIVE G     FRISCHKNECHT M, 1993, EVOL ECOL, V7, P439     GRAFEN A, 1990, J THEOR BIOL, V144, P517     GRIFFITH SC, 1999, NATURE, V400, P358     HARDY ICW, 1998, ANIM BEHAV 3, V56, P787     HUNT J, 1998, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V42, P447     HUNT J, 1997, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V41, P109     HUNT J, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P174     HUNT J, 2000, EVOLUTION, V54, P936     HUNT J, 2002, J EVOLUTION BIOL, V15, P57     JANZEN FJ, 1998, EVOLUTION, V52, P1564     JOHNSTONE RA, 1995, BIOL REV, V70, P1     KEYSER AJ, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P771     KIRKPATRICK M, 1982, EVOLUTION, V36, P1     KIRKPATRICK M, 1991, NATURE, V350, P33     KOKKO H, 1998, EVOL ECOL, V12, P739     KOTIAHO JS, 2001, BEHAV ECOL, V12, P553     KOTIAHO JS, 2000, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V48, P188     KOTIAHO JS, 2001, BIOL REV, V76, P365     KOTIAHO JS, 2001, NATURE, V410, P684     KOTIAHO JS, 1999, OIKOS, V87, P399     LANDE R, 1983, EVOLUTION, V37, P1210     MAPPES J, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P785     MILINSKI M, 1990, NATURE, V344, P330     MOCZEK AP, 2000, ANIM BEHAV 2, V59, P459     OTRONEN M, 1988, ANIM BEHAV, V36, P741     PALMER TJ, 1978, NATURE, V274, P583     RASMUSSEN JL, 1994, J INSECT BEHAV, V7, P67     ROFF D, 1997, EVOLUTIONARY QUANTIT     ROWE L, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P1415     SIMMONS LW, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P145     SIVAJOTHY MT, 1987, J ETHOL, V5, P165     TAYLOR PD, 1982, THEOR POPUL BIOL, V22, P392     TOMKINS JL, 1998, ANIM BEHAV 2, V56, P347     WILKINSON GS, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P1685     ZAHAVI A, 1977, J THEOR BIOL, V67, P603EnglishArticle619YBBEHAV ECOL},
	month = {Nov-Dec},
	pages = {791-799},
	abstract = {Sexual selection has traditionally been divided into competition over mates and mate choice. Currently, models of sexual selection predict that sexual traits are expressed in proportion to the condition of their bearer. In horned beetles, male contest competition is well established, but studies on female preferences are scarce. Here I present data on male mating success and condition dependence of courtship rate in three species of horn-dimorphic thing beetles, Onthaphagus taurus, Onthophagus binodis, and Onthophagus australis. I found that in the absence of male contest competition, mating success of O. taurus and O. australis was unrelated to their horn length and body size, whereas in O. binodis horn size had a negative effect but body size had a positive effect on male mating success. Overall, in O. binodis major morph males had greater mating success than minor morph males. In all three species male mating success was affected by courtship rate, and the Courtship rate was condition dependent such that when males were manipulated to be in poor condition they had lower courtship rates than males that were manipulated to be in good condition. My findings provide new insight into the mating systems of horned dung beetles and support an important assumption in indicator models of sexual selection.},
	keywords = {alternative reproductive, condition dependence, FEMALE CHOICE, gradient, horn dimorphism, horned dung beetles, lek, logistic regression, mating success, Onthophagus, onthophagus-acuminatus coleoptera, SELECTION, sexual selection, stalk-eyed flies, tactics},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179504300011},
	author = {Kotiaho, J. S.}
}
@article {1646,
	title = {Controle biologico da mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans irritans) em Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul. 2. Acao de insetos fimicolas em massas fecais no campo},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira de Entomologia},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	month = {June},
	pages = {237-247},
	keywords = {biological control, dung beetle, Dung pats, horn fly, SELECTION},
	author = {Flechtmann, Carlos Alberto Hector and Rodrigues, Sergio Roberto and Zarate do Couto, Hilton Thadeu}
}
@article {2002,
	title = {The verification and application of bioindicators: a case study of dung beetles in a savanna ecosystem},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {39},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 50Cited References:      ANDERSEN AN, 2002, J APPL ECOL, V39, P8     BALMFORD A, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P1571     BROWN JH, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P255     BULMER MG, 1979, PRINCIPLES STAT     CARO TM, 1999, CONSERV BIOL, V13, P805     COLLETT D, 1991, MODELLING BINARY DAT     COLWELL RK, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P70     COUSINS SH, 1991, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V6, P190     DAVIS AJ, 2001, J APPL ECOL, V38, P593     DAVIS ALV, 1997, AFR J ECOL, V35, P10     DAVIS ALV, 1994, J NAT HIST, V28, P383     DEMPSTER JP, 1998, INSECT POPULATIONS T     DIAMOND JM, 1975, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION CO, P342     DOUBE BM, 1983, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P357     DOUBE BM, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P255     DUFRENE M, 1997, ECOL MONOGR, V67, P345     ERHARDT A, 1991, CONSERVATION INSECTS, P213     FAVILA ME, 1997, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V72, P1     GASTON KJ, 1997, J ANIM ECOL, V66, P579     GASTON KJ, 1994, RARITY     GREENSLADE PJM, 1983, AM NAT, V122, P352     HILTY J, 2000, BIOL CONSERV, V92, P185     JENKINS DW, 1971, MANS IMPACT TERRESTR, P351     KENT M, 1997, PROG PHYS GEOG, V21, P315     KINGSOLVER JG, 1989, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V62, P314     KITCHING RL, 2000, J APPL ECOL, V37, P284     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     KREMEN C, 1994, CONSERV BIOL, V8, P388     LUFF ML, 1995, INSECTS CHANGING ENV, P400     LYONS SK, 1997, OIKOS, V79, P568     MAJER JD, 1998, J APPL ECOL, V35, P161     MCCULLAGH P, 1989, GEN LINEAR MODELS     MCGEOCH MA, 1998, BIOL REV, V73, P181     MCGEOCH MA, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P46     NOSS RF, 1990, CONSERV BIOL, V4, P355     RABINOWITZ D, 1981, BIOL ASPECTS RARE PL, P205     SOUTHWOOD TRE, 1977, J ANIM ECOL, V46, P337     SPECTOR S, 1998, CONSERVATION CHANGIN, P181     STEENKAMP HE, 1996, BIOL CONSERV, V78, P305     TAUBER MJ, 1998, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V27, P523     THOMSON JD, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P1698     VANRENSBURG BJ, 1999, BIOL CONSERV, V88, P145     VANRENSBURG BJ, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P3163     VANRENSBURG BJ, 2000, J BIOGEOGR, V27, P1385     VANSTRAALEN NM, 1997, J APPL ECOL, V34, P217     VANWYK AE, 1996, BIODIVERSITY AFRICAN, P198     WEATHERLEY NS, 1990, J APPL ECOL, V27, P952     WEAVER JC, 1995, CONSERV BIOL, V9, P939     WILLIAMS KA, 1986, OECOLOGIA, V70, P362     WOLDA H, 1988, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V19, P1EnglishArticle580UTJ APPL ECOL},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {661-672},
	abstract = {1.Bioindicators of habitat quality and environmental change must be identified quantitatively and tested independently to confirm their usefulness. We used the indicator value (IndVal ) method, which combines measures of habitat fidelity and specificity, to assess the indicator responses of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa. The indicator responses were verified by sampling in different areas of the Park, 2 years after the responses were originally quantified. 2. We postulated that terrestrial insect indicators with different combinations of habitat specificity and fidelity might fulfil different indicator roles. Indicator species with strong habitat specificity (characteristic species) are unlikely to provide information on the direction of ecological change despite high vulnerability. Rather, detector species that span a range of ecological states are likely to be better in this role. We used IndVal for selecting such detector species that indicate the direction of ecological change. 3. Sets of species were found to be robust bioindicators, i.e. reliably characteristic across the habitat of which they were indicative. The suite of indicators was refined by discarding those with IndVal s that varied significantly across years, thus improving the confidence in the final suite of species selected. By clearly responding to a change in habitat between two ecological states, detector species provided information complementary to that provided by characteristic species. 4. The IndVal method enabled both the identification and testing of indicator (characteristic and detector) species. Because of its resilience to changes in abundance, IndVal is a particularly effective tool for ecological bioindication. 5. We conclude that both characteristic and detector species are useful bioindicators of habitat quality and conversion. We propose that bioindicators that are categorized and verified in this way will have valuable application in the monitoring of habitat integrity.},
	keywords = {assemblages, bioindication, COLEOPTERA, conservation, detector species, habitat, habitat specificity, indicator species, indicators, range size, Scarabaeidae, SELECTION, south-africa, species richness, transformation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000177255000011},
	author = {McGeoch, M. A. and Van Rensburg, B. J. and Botes, A.}
}
@article {2208,
	title = {Predation on Atta laevigata (Smith 1858) (Formicidae Attini) by Canthon virens (Mannerheim 1829) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {digital},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1-7},
	abstract = {We present observations on the predation and burying of Atta laevigata (Smith 1858) by Canthon virens (Mannerheim 1829) in Brazil. A specialized sequence of burying behavior was observed in 2 consecutive years. No relationship was found between predator and prey size. Up to eight beetles can attack a single ant simultaneously Both male and female beetles prey on ants, but only males attack alone. For the first time we report ants successfully removing beetles from their backs. This behavior may account for the low predation efficiency of C. virens.},
	keywords = {cerrado, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, hymenoptera, leaf-cutter ants, nesting behavior, SELECTION, size},
	isbn = {0394-6975},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000240785600001 },
	author = {Silveira, F. A. O. and Santos, J. C. and Viana, L. R. and Falqueto, S. A. and Vaz-De-Mello, F. Z. and Fernandes, G. W.}
}
@article {2258,
	title = {Roads alter the colonization dynamics of a keystone herbivore in neotropical savannas},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {38},
	number = {5},
	year = {2006},
	note = {need},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {661-665},
	abstract = {Roads can facilitate the establishment and spread of both native and exotic species. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms facilitating this expansion are rarely known. We tested the hypothesis that dirt roads are favorable landing and nest initiation sites for founding-queens of the leaf-cutter ant Atta laevigata. For 2 yr, we compared the number of attempts to found new nests (colonization attempts) in dirt roads and the adjacent vegetation in a reserve of cerrado (tree-dominated savanna) in southeastern Brazil. The number of colonization attempts in roads was 5 to 10 times greater than in the adjacent vegetation. Experimental transplants indicate that founding-queens are more likely to establish a nest on bare soil than on soil covered with leaf-litter, but the amount of litter covering the ground did not fully explain the preference of queens for dirt roads. Queens that landed on roads were at higher risk of predation by beetles and ants than those that landed in the adjacent vegetation. Nevertheless, greater predation in roads was not sufficient to offset the greater number of colonization attempts in this habitat. As a consequence, significantly more new colonies were established in roads than in the adjacent vegetation. Our results suggest that disturbance caused by the opening of roads could result in an increased Atta abundance in protected areas of the Brazilian Cerrado.},
	keywords = {Amazonia, ants, Atta, ATTA-CEPHALOTES, ATTINI, brazil, BRAZILIAN CERRADO, Cerrado vegetation, communities, dung beetle, forest, formicidae, habitat, habitat disturbance, impact, LEAF-CUTTING ANTS, nest foundation, PRED, road impacts, SELECTION, vegetation},
	isbn = {0006-3606},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000239634900010 },
	author = {Vasconcelos, H. L. and Vieira-Neto, E. H. M. and Mundim, F. M. and Bruna, E. M.}
}
