@article {1306,
	title = {Distribution patterns of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in relict patches of the high Andean forest, Cordillera Oriental of Colombia},
	journal = {Caldasia},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {1997Research ArticleSpanish; Non English},
	pages = {191-204},
	abstract = {This study documents the diversity and distribution patterns of dung beetles in three relictual patches of montane forest located near the Sabana de Bogota. 2486 individuals of 11 species in 6 genera were collected. The most abundant specie was Ontherus brevicollis, collected in two patches, followed by Dichotomius achemas collected in all three patches and Uroxys sp present only in one. Chicaque has the highest species richness with 10 species. We found a clear pattern related to habitat preferences, summarized in 3 groups: pasture beetles, edges and forest interior beetles.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Biogeography- (Population-Studies), Canthid, Chondrichthyes-: Pisces-, Chordata-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetles (Coleoptera-), Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Systematics-and-Taxonomy, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Amat-Garcia, German and Lopera Toro, Alejandro and Amezquita Melo, Sandra Jimena}
}
@article {1523,
	title = {Seed dispersal by two amazonian primates, with notes on dung beetles},
	journal = {American Zoologist},
	volume = {39},
	number = {5},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source Parsing( 128aMeetingAnnual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology., Atlanta, Georgia, USA, January 04 08, 2000English},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Ateles-belzebuth [white-bellied-spider-monkey] (C, Behavior-, Cebidae-: Primates-, Chordata-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Mammalia-, Plantae-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Dew, J. L.}
}
@article {1589,
	title = {Tropical rain forest fragmentation, Howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), and dung beetles at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {253-262},
	abstract = {In Neotropical rain forests, fresh mammal dung, especially that of howler monkeys, constitutes an important resource used by dung beetles as food and for oviposition and further feeding by their larvae. Tropical rain forest destruction, fragmentation, and subsequent isolation causing reductions in numbers of and the disappearance of howler moneys may result in decreasing numbers of dung beetles, but this has not been documented. In this study, we present information on the presence of howlers and dung beetles in 38 isolated forest fragments and 15 agricultural habitats. Howler monkeys were censused by visual means, while dung beetles were sampled with traps baited with a mixture of howler, cow, horse, and dog dung. Results indicated that loss of area and isolation of forest fragments result in significant decrements in howlers and dung beetles. However, dung beetle abundance was found to be closely related to the presence of howler monkeys at the sites and habitats investigated. Scenarios of land management designed to reduce isolation among forest fragments may help sustain populations of howler monkeys and dung beetles, which may have positive consequences for rain forest regeneration.},
	keywords = {Alouatta-palliata [howler-mo, Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Cebidae-: Primates-, Chordata-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Conservation-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-), Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Mammalia-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Anzures D. , A. and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {1745,
	title = {Dung Beetle Communities in the Aland Archipelago Finland},
	journal = {Acta Entomologica Fennica},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1983},
	note = {Using Smart Source Parsing(Recd. 1984)Meeting19th scandinavian entomology conference, helsinki, finland, aug. 26 28, 1982. acta entomol fennEnglish},
	pages = {36-42},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Artiodactyls-, Bovidae-: Artiodactyla-, Chordata-, Chordates-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Mammalia-, Mammals-, Nonhuman-Mammals, Nonhuman-Vertebrat, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Hanski, I. and Kuusela, S.}
}
@conference {1840,
	title = {The effect of bird predation on the dung beetle population at Johannesburg Zoo},
	booktitle = {Insects in African Economy and Environment},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Book ; MeetingJoint Congress of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa (11th Congress) and the African Association of Insect Scientists (12th Congress), Stellenbosch, South Africa, June 30 July 4, 1997English},
	pages = {211-212},
	publisher = {Entomological Society of Southern Africa},
	organization = {Entomological Society of Southern Africa},
	address = {Stellenbosch, South Africa},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Aves-: Vertebrata-, bird- (Aves-): predator-, Chordata-, Ciconiiformes-: Aves-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetle, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Jones, Genevive and Byrne, Marcus},
	editor = {Robertson, Hamish}
}
@article {1977,
	title = {A comparative discussion of trophic preferences in dung beetle communities},
	journal = {Miscellania Zoologica Barcelona},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	year = {1996},
	note = {requested 1/6},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {13-31},
	abstract = {Available information on trophic preferences of dung beetles (Scarabaeoidea) in different biogeographic regions is reviewed. Trophic resource partitioning in a dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) community in the "Parque Nacional de Donana", Spain, was also studied, using nine different kinds of wild and domestic vertebrate excrement as trap bait. Undifferentiated attraction to human and herbivore faeces was noted. Human and domestic ungulate faeces was colonized by a richer fauna than that of wild herbivores, which was not the specialized trophic adaptation of any species. Although polyphagy is the most common feeding behaviour, the excrement of carnivores and other omnivores was hardly colonized. This pattern differs from that of other biogeographic regions. Negligible importance of the trophic dimension on the structure of these communities may be due to the early presence of man in the Palaearctic Region. Nevertheless, human interference alone cannot have led to an absence of true polyphagy (undifferentiated attraction to all kinds of faeces). Further research is suggested, aimed at determining whether observed resource partitioning in dung beetles communities is a consequence of human colonization or is a pre-Neolithic evolutionary event.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Behavior-, Chordata-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Digestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation), dung-beetles (Coleo, Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Hominidae-: Primates-, Invertebrata-, Mammalia-, Nutrition-, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Martin-Piera, F. and Lobo, J. M.}
}
@article {1591,
	title = {Howler Monkeys Alouatta-Palliata Dung Beetles Scarabaeidae and Seed Dispersal Ecological Interactions in the Tropical Rain Forest of Los Tuxtlas Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {459-474},
	abstract = {The dispersal of seeds by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and the activity of dung beetles in modulating the fate of the dispersed seed were studied at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Howlers consumed the fruits of 35 species of plants. The seeds of 28 of these were dispersed by the monkeys. The majority (.gtoreq. 90\%) of the seeds dispersed by monkeys were destroyed by rodents. Rapid relocation and burial of dung by dung beetles resulted in accidental relocation and burial of large number of seeds shortly after deposition. Faecal clumps (20 mg) remained on the ground for an average of only 2.5 h (range 1-3 h). Ball rolling beetles transported balls up to 5.0 m from the site of deposition (range 1-5 m). Burrowing and ball-rolling dung beetles buried seeds at depths ranging from 2.5 to > 12.0 cm. The deeper a seed is buried, the less likely it is to be found and eaten by rodents. Eighty percent of the species used by Alouatta as sources of fruit at Los Tuxtlas benefited by the dispersal and post dispersal service provided by howlers and dung beetles respectively. Seasonality in dung beetles abundance in the forest may influence the number of seeds per species escaping post-dispersal predation during the year. Dung beetles play not only an important ecological role in the recycling of matter and energy in the ecosystem, but also in the process of rain forest regeneration.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Cebidae-: Primates-, Chordata-, Chordates-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Mammalia-, Mammals-, Nonhuman-Mammals, Nonhuman-Primates, Nonhuman-Vertebrat, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {2313,
	title = {Selection of the spatial habitat of Coprophagous beetles in the Kaiserstuhl area near Freiburg (SE-Germany)},
	journal = {Acta Oecologica},
	volume = {16},
	number = {4},
	year = {1995},
	note = {1995ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {461-478},
	abstract = {1. In an all-year-round survey of coprophagous beetles in a pasture in the Kaiserstuhl area (SW-Germany), cow-pats and sheep lumps were gathered from two field areas and one wooded area twice a month. 40,298 beetles belonging to 40 species of Scarabaeoidea and 14 of Hydrophilidae were detected. The small site on the Kaiserstuhl has the highest species diversity of Scarabaeoidea species among all local dung beetle coenoses described in Europe thus far. 2. In all seasons of the year, population density and biomass of dung beetles were higher on the open pastures than in the wooded pasture. Only in summer and on the coldest days of winter, values of both macrohabitats were approximately the same, which might be due to the mediated climate of wooded habitats in those seasons. 3. 11 out of 29 abundant species showed a clear preference for open macrohabitats, while only four preferred the wooded macrohabitat. All other species were eurytopic. Faunistic similarity was low among all three macrohabitats and did not show closer relationships between the two open pastures than between both of them and the wooded pasture. 4. Sheep lumps were more densely populated than cow-pats, whereas the latter contained a higher biomass in dung beetles. The cow-pat community was higher in species number as well as in diversity. Faunistic similarity between both dung beetle communities was minimal. 5. 13 out of 32 abundant dung beetle species preferred each dung type. Mean size of Scarabaeoidea dung beetles preferring sheep lumps was significantly lower than of those preferring cow-pats. Regardless their size difference, all but one Hydrophilidae species showed a pronounced preference for cow-pats. 6. Selection of the spatial habitats played a minor role in compartmentation of the total niche space of the dung beetle community as compared to temporal niche dimensions such as seasonality. As in the case of seasonality, Aphodius was best separated within the genus.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Bovidae-: Artiodactyla-, Chordata-, Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, cow- (Bovi, Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Mammalia-, Metabolism-, Nutrition-, Physiology-, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Wassmer, Thomas}
}
