@article {1453,
	title = {Ecophysiology, range contraction and survival of a geographically restricted African dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {30-39},
	keywords = {desiccation resistance, endemism, flight activity, flightless, scarab beetle, thermoregulation},
	author = {Chown, S. L. and Scholtz, C. H. and Klok, C. J. and Joubert, F. J. and Coles, K. S.}
}
@article {1497,
	title = {A comparative analysis of metabolic rate in six Scarabaeus species (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) from southern Africa: further caveats when inferring adaptation},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
	volume = {46},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 73Cited References:      ANDREWARTHA HG, 1954, DISTRIBUTION ABUNDAN     AYRES MP, 1994, ECOL MONOGR, V64, P465     BERRIGAN D, 1997, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V118, P1301     BLOCK W, 1977, J EXP BIOL, V68, P69     BULLOCK TH, 1955, BIOL REV, V30, P311     CHAPPELL MA, 1983, OECOLOGIA, V56, P126     CHOWN SL, 1999, BIOL REV, V74, P87     CHOWN SL, 1998, CAN J ZOOL, V76, P1123     CHOWN SL, 1997, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V70, P116     COSSINS AR, 1987, TEMPERATURE BIOL ANI     CRAFFORD JE, 1993, POLAR BIOL, V13, P411     CUSHMAN JH, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V95, P30     DJAWDAN M, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P828     DONAHAYE E, 1993, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V18, P247     DONAHAYE E, 1992, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V17, P219     EDNEY EB, 1977, ZOOPHYSIOLOGY ECOLOG, V9     EDWARDS PB, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V75, P527     GARLAND T, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P797     GIBBS AG, 1997, J EXP BIOL, V200, P1821     HADLEY NF, 1985, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V80, P307     HADLEY NF, 1994, WATER BALANCE TERRES     HARVEY PH, 1991, COMP METHOD EVOLUTIO     HODKINSON ID, 1997, ECOL ENTOMOL, V22, P47     HOFFMANN AA, 1989, BIOL J LINN SOC, V37, P117     HOFFMANN AA, 1991, EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC     HONIK A, 1996, EUROPEAN J ENTOMOLOG, V93, P303     HUEY RB, 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE, P205     JULIANO SA, 1986, CAN J ZOOL, V64, P73     KLOK CJ, 1994, THESIS U PRETORIA     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P309     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V159, P249     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P4765     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V68, P43     LIGHTON JRB, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P142     LOEHLE C, 1998, J BIOGEOGR, V25, P735     LOVERIDGE JP, 1968, J EXP BIOL, V49, P15     LUDWIG D, 1937, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V10, P342     MACARTHUR RH, 1972, GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY     MACKAY WP, 1982, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V55, P367     MASSION DD, 1983, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V74, P101     MOLE S, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P573     MOSTERT LE, 1982, CIMBEBASIA A, V5, P273     MOSTERT LE, 1986, ENTOMOLOGY MEMOIRS, V65, P1     NYLUND L, 1991, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V100, P853     PARSONS PA, 1996, EVOL BIOL, V29, P39     PINKA ER, 1983, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY     PRICE T, 1998, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V352, P519     QUINLAN MC, 1993, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V66, P628     RICKLEFS RE, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P167     ROGERS DJ, 1991, NATURE, V351, P739     SCHMIDTNIELSEN K, 1997, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT     SCHOLANDER PF, 1953, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V26, P67     SCHOLTZ CH, 1989, J ARID ENVIRON, V16, P305     SCHOLTZ CH, 1981, J ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC, V44, P83     SCHULTZ TD, 1992, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V65, P226     SCHULZE R, 1997, S AFRICAN ATLAS AGRO     SMITH DS, 1964, J MORPHOL, V114, P107     SOKAL RR, 1995, BIOMETRY PRINCIPLES     SOMME L, 1991, INSECTS LOW TEMPERAT, P318     SOMME L, 1995, INVERTEBRATES HOT CO     SOMME L, 1989, POLAR BIOL, V10, P135     STROMME JA, 1989, FAUNA NORV B, V36, P57     STROMME JA, 1986, POLAR RES, V4, P199     TAUBER MJ, 1998, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V27, P523     WASSERTHAL LT, 1996, ADV INSECT PHYSIOL, V26, P297     WILLIAMS AE, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P2945     WILLIAMS AE, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P2953     WILLIAMS AE, 1997, J EXP BIOL, V200, P615     YOUNG SR, 1979, J INSECT PHYSL, V25, P361     ZACHARIASSEN KE, 1987, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V86, P403     ZERA AJ, 1997, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V42, P207     ZERA AJ, 1997, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V70, P519     ZURSTRASSEN R, 1967, ENTOMOLOGISCHE BLATT, V63, P129EnglishArticle293GBJ INSECT PHYSIOL},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {553-562},
	abstract = {Alterations in VO2 or VCO2 are amongst the more polemical physiological adaptations ascribed to insects. Generally, metabolic rate is thought to be lowered in response to arid conditions, and elevated in species from cold environments compared to their more temperate relatives. However, most studies have rarely addressed the influence of both environmental factors in unison. To this end, standard metabolic rate and its temperature dependence were measured (at 4 degrees C intervals from 16 to 32 degrees C) in six Scarabaeus dung beetle species (three flightless, three volant) from a variety of habitats (warm, arid to cool, mesic) in southern Africa using flow-through respirometry. Mass specific VCO2 varied from 0.0158 mi g(-1) h(-1) at 16 degrees C to 0.1839 ml g(-1) h(-1) at 32 degrees C. The slopes of the rate temperature curves were similar for all species (Q(10)s of 2.14-2.84), although the intercepts differed significantly in the direction (warm arid to cool mesic): S. gariepinus<S. hippocrates<S. striatum<S. galenus<S. rusticus<S. westwoodi. General Linear models were fitted to the VCO2 data with treatment temperature, wing status, mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature as the independent variables. For all six species, the best fit model included treatment temperature and wing status only. Flightless species had significantly lower VCO(2)s than did winged ones. Amongst the flightless species, S. gariepinus, from the driest area, had the lowest VCO2. Among the winged species it was impossible to determine whether environmental temperature or water availability were most important in influencing VCO2; both were significant. We conclude that investigations of metabolic rate modulation, and especially metabolic cold adaptation, in insects must take both temperature and water availability into account. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {acclimatisation, consumption, cricket gryllus-firmus, desiccation resistance, drosophila-melanogaster, gas-exchange, ins, metabolic cold adaptation, oxygen-, respiratory metabolism, respirometry, unselected strain, VCO2, water-loss},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000085842500019},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Chown, S. L. and McGeoch, M. A. and Scholtz, C. H.}
}
@article {1498,
	title = {Discontinuous gas-exchange cycles in Scarabaeus dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae): Mass-scaling and temperature dependence},
	journal = {Physiological and Biochemical Zoology},
	volume = {72},
	number = {5},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Times Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 38Cited References:      BUCK J, 1955, BIOL BULL, V109, P144     COSSINS AR, 1987, TEMPERATURE BIOL ANI     DUNCAN FD, 1997, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V22, P310     EDWARDS PB, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V75, P527     HACK MA, 1997, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V22, P325     HADLEY NF, 1993, J EXP BIOL, V177, P169     HAMILTON AG, 1964, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V160, P373     KANWISHER JW, 1966, BIOL BULL, V130, P96     KESTLER P, 1985, ENV PHYSL BIOCH INSE, P137     LEVY RI, 1966, J INSECT PHYSL, V12, P83     LEVY RI, 1966, J INSECT PHYSL, V12, P105     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P309     LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V163, P11     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P521     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P1613     LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J EXP BIOL, V180, P229     LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J EXP BIOL, V179, P233     LIGHTON JRB, 1992, J EXP BIOL, V173, P289     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V159, P249     LIGHTON JRB, 1990, J EXP BIOL, V154, P509     LIGHTON JRB, 1990, J EXP BIOL, V151, P71     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J EXP BIOL, V134, P363     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V42, P347     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J INSECT PHYSL, V34, P361     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V68, P43     LIGHTON JRB, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P142     LIGHTON JRB, 1985, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V58, P390     LOUW GN, 1986, J EXP BIOL, V120, P443     MILLER PL, 1974, PHYSL INSECTA, V4, P345     PETERS RH, 1983, ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATI     PUNT A, 1956, MULL PHYSL COMP OECO, V4, P132     PUNT A, 1950, PHYSL COMP OECOL, V2, P59     QUINLAN MC, 1993, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V66, P628     SCHMIDTNIELSEN K, 1997, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT     SCHNEIDERMAN HA, 1955, BIOL BULL, V109, P123     SOKAL RR, 1995, BIOMETRY PRINCIPLES     WASSERTHAL LT, 1996, ADV INSECT PHYSIOL, V26, P297     WILKINS MB, 1960, NATURE, V185, P481EnglishArticle263MHPHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL},
	month = {Sep-Oct},
	pages = {555-565},
	abstract = {Although discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC) are known from many insects, the effects of body size and temperature on DGC have not been widely examined. Here, these effects are investigated in five Scarabaeus dung beetle species from mesic and xeric habitats. The investigation tests two hypotheses: that previous estimates of the scaling exponents for the DGC and its characteristics are more broadly applicable to insects, and that, in response to temperature, both DGC frequency and the quantity of CO2 emitted during the open (O) phase (O-phase emission volume) are modulated. Like previous workers, we find that (V) over dot (CO2) scaled as mass(0.968) and that O-phase emission volume scaled as mass(0.968) . However, temperature- associated increases in (V) over dot (CO2) (Q(10){\textquoteright}s of 2.19- 2.65) were modulated mostly by increases in DGC frequency since O-phase volumes remained constant across temperature. Flutter (F)-phase and O-phase durations were closely coupled to DGC duration, although the relationship between closed (C)-phase duration and DGC duration was less pronounced. We show that ventilation phase coefficients, previously considered a measure of the proportional duration of each phase of the DGC, calculated from the slopes of these relationships are a measure of change in phase duration with change in DGC duration and not a measure of the way in which total DGC duration is apportioned among phases. We suggest that proportions be used to estimate the contribution of each of the phases to the total duration of the DGC.},
	keywords = {ant, emission, formicidae, hymenoptera, insects, metabolism, respiratory transpiration, ventilatory patterns, water-loss},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000084128100005},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Chown, S. L. and Scholtz, C. H.}
}
@article {1503,
	title = {Species turnover, community boundaries and biogeographic composition of dung beetle assemblages across an altitudinal gradient in south Africa},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {26},
	number = {5},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {1039-1055},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Scholtz, C. H. and Chown, S. L.}
}
@article {1573,
	title = {Vulnerability of South African animal taxa to climate change},
	journal = {Global Change Biology},
	volume = {8},
	number = {7},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 96Cited References:      1998, WHITE PAPER POPULATI     *AFR NAT C, 1994, REC DEV PROGR     *IPCC, 1992, CLIM CHANG 1992 SUPP     *IPCC, 1995, CLIM CHANG 1995 IMP     *IPCC, 2000, EM SCEN 2000     *IPCC, 1997, REG IMP CLIM CHANG 1     ALLAN DG, 1997, ATLAS SO AFRICAN BIR     BRANCH WR, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P91     BROWN JH, 1998, BIOGEOGRAPHY     BROWN JH, 1995, MACROECOLOGY     BUSE A, 1999, FUNCT ECOL S1, V13, P74     CAMMELL ME, 1992, ADV ECOL RES, V22, P117     CAUGHLEY G, 1996, CONSERVATION BIOL TH     CHANNELL R, 2000, NATURE, V403, P84     CHOWN SL, 1999, BIOL REV, V74, P87     COOPE GR, 1995, EXTINCTION RATES, P55     CORNELL HV, 1992, J ANIM ECOL, V61, P1     DAVIS AJ, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P600     DAVIS AJ, 1998, NATURE, V391, P783     DAVIS ALV, 1997, AFR J ECOL, V35, P10     DELEO JM, 1993, P 2 INT S UNC MOD AN, P318     DELONG ER, 1988, BIOMETRICS, V44, P837     DRINKROW DR, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P82     EELEY HAC, 1999, J BIOGEOGR, V26, P595     ERASMUS BFN, 2000, AFR ENTOMOL, V8, P157     FAIRBANKS DHK, 2000, S AFR J SCI, V96, P69     FAJER ED, 1989, SCIENCE, V243, P1198     FEARNSIDE PM, 1999, ENVIRON CONSERV, V26, P305     FIELDING AH, 1997, ENVIRON CONSERV, V24, P38     FREEDMAN B, 1989, ENV ECOLOGY IMPACTS     FREITAG S, 1997, AFR ENTOMOL, V5, P205     FREITAG S, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P136     GASTON KJ, 1997, J ANIM ECOL, V66, P579     GASTON KJ, 1999, OIKOS, V86, P584     GASTON KJ, 1994, RARITY     GATES DM, 1993, CLIMATE CHANGE ITS B     GELDERBLOM CM, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P103     GELDERBLOM CM, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P127     GUISAN A, 2000, ECOL MODEL, V135, P147     HAMMOND PM, 1994, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V345, P119     HARRISON JA, 1997, ATLAS SO AFRICAN BIR     HILL JK, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P1197     HOCHBERG ME, 1999, ECOGRAPHY, V222, P268     HULL HE, 1998, AFR ENTOMOL, V6, P265     JABLONSKI D, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P1367     JABLONSKI D, 1985, PALEOBIOLOGY, V11, P75     JABLONSKI D, 1991, SCIENCE, V253, P754     JEFFREE CE, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P562     JEFFREE EP, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P640     KERR J, 1998, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V49, P263     KOCH SO, 2000, J INSECT CONSERVATIO, V4, P45     KRAEMER HC, 1988, AM STAT, V42, P37     LAWTON JH, 1995, EXTINCTION RATES     LELAGADEC MD, 1998, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V168, P112     LOMBARD AT, 1995, S AFR J ZOOL, V30, P145     LOVEGROVE BG, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V74, P600     LOW AB, 1996, VEGETATION S AFRICA     MARKHAM A, 1996, VULNERABILITY ADAPTA     MASTERS GJ, 1998, ECOL ENTOMOL, V23, P45     MCDONALD I, 1996, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANG, P83     MCNEELY JA, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V4, P510     MCNEELY JA, 1994, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V3, P390     MYERS AA, 1988, ANAL BIOGEOGRAPHY IN     OATLEY T, 1998, ROBINS AFRICA     OBUCHOWSKI NA, 1998, ACAD RADIOL, V5, P561     ORESKES N, 1994, SCIENCE, V263, P641     PARMESAN C, 1999, NATURE, V399, P579     POUNDS JA, 1999, NATURE, V398, P611     POYNTON JC, 1996, J BIOGEOGR, V23, P669     POYNTON JC, 1961, NATURE, V189, P801     RICHTER TA, 1997, FUNCT ECOL, V11, P240     RICKLEFS RE, 1993, SPECIES DIVERSITY EC     ROBINSON T, 1997, MED VET ENTOMOL, V11, P223     ROBINSON T, 1997, MED VET ENTOMOL, V11, P235     RODRIGUES ASL, 2000, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V267, P49     ROGERS DJ, 1994, LARGE SCALE ECOLOGY, P247     ROOT T, 1988, J BIOGEOGR, V15, P489     ROY K, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P458     RUTHERFORD M, 2000, DIVERSITY AND DISTRI, V5, P253     RUTHERFORD MC, 1994, MEM BOT SURV S AFR, V63, P1     SCHOLTZ CH, 1995, S AFR J SCI, V91, P124     SCHULZE R, 1997, S AFRICAN ATLAS AGRO     SHANNON DA, 2000, THESIS U CAPETOWN     SPICER JI, 1999, PHYSL DIVERSITY ITS     SUTHERST RW, 1985, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V13, P281     SUTHERST RW, 1995, INSECTS CHANGING ENV, P59     THOMAS JA, 1999, FUNCT ECOL S1, V13, P55     TOKESHI M, 1999, SPECIES COEXISTENCE     VANJAARSVELD AS, 1998, S AFR J SCI, V94, P210     VANJAARSVELD AS, 2000, SUSTAINABILITY CHALL, P265     VANRENSBURG B, 2000, ECOLOGY, V8, P3163     VANWYK AE, 1996, BIODIVERSITY AFRICAN, P198     VIDA S, 1993, COMPUT METH PROG BIO, V40, P95     WESSELS KJ, 2000, ANIM CONSERV 1, V3, P67     WHITE F, 1983, VEGETATION AFRICA DE     ZWEIG MH, 1993, CLIN CHEM, V39, P561EnglishArticle559ZDGLOB CHANGE BIOL},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {679-693},
	abstract = {The responsiveness of South African fauna to climate change events is poorly documented and not routinely incorporated into regional conservation planning. We model the likely range alterations of a representative suite of 179 animal species to climate change brought about by the doubling of CO2 concentrations. This scenario is expected to cause a mean temperature increase of 2 degreesC. We applied a multivariate climate envelope approach and evaluated model performance using the most comprehensive bird data set. The results were encouraging, although model performance was inconsistent in the eastern coastal area of the country. The levels of climate change induced impacts on species ranges varied from little impact to local extinction. Some 17\% of species expanded their ranges, 78\% displayed range contraction (4-98\%), 3\% showed no response and 2\% became locally extinct. The majority of range shifts (41\%) were in an easterly direction, reflecting the east-west aridity gradient across the country. Species losses were highest in the west. Substantially smaller westward shifts were present in some eastern species. This may reflect a response to the strong altitudinal gradient in this region, or may be a model artifact. Species range change (composite measure reflecting range contraction and displacement) identified selected species that could act as climate change indicator taxa. Red-data and vulnerable species showed similar responses but were more likely to display range change (58\% vs. 43\% for all species). Predictions suggest that the flagship, Kruger National Park conservation area may loose up to 66\% of the species included in this analysis. This highlights the extent of the predicted range shifts, and indicates why conflicts between conservation and other land uses are likely to escalate under conditions of climate change.},
	keywords = {beetles coleoptera, common fly belt, conservation, Dung beetles, fragmentation, geographical ranges, habitat availability, land-use, protection status, range contraction, sensed vegetation data, species turnover, tsetse habitat},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000176055800007},
	author = {Erasmus, B. F. N. and Van Jaarsveld, A. S. and Chown, S. L. and Kshatriya, M. and Wessels, K. J.}
}
@article {1861,
	title = {Conservation strategies for poorly surveyed taxa: a dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) case study from southern Africa},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {45-56},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Koch, S. O> and Chown, S. L. and Davis, A. L. V. and Endrody-Younga, S. and Van Jaarsveld, A. S.}
}
@article {1676,
	title = {Elevation and climatic tolerance: a test using dung beetles},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {86},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 47Cited References:      ALLEE WC, 1949, PRINCIPLES ANIMAL EC     BENNETT AF, 1997, EVOLUTION, V51, P36     BLOCK W, 1982, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V73, P581     BLOCK W, 1990, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V326, P613     BRATTSTROM BH, 1968, COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, V24, P93     CHOWN SL, 1999, IN PRESS BIOL REV     CHOWN SL, 1992, S AFR J ANTARCT RES, V22, P51     DAVIS ALV, 1997, AFR J ECOL, V35, P10     DAVIS ALV, IN PRESS J BIOGEOGR     DENLINGER DL, 1991, INSECTS LOW TEMPERAT, P131     DOBZHANSKY T, 1950, AM SCI, V38, P209     EDNEY EB, 1971, J EXP BIOL, V55, P253     FERGUSON SH, 1996, ECOGRAPHY, V19, P382     FLEISHMAN E, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P2482     GASTON KJ, 1999, OIKOS, V84, P309     GASTON KJ, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P70     HOCHACHKA PW, 1984, BIOCH ADAPTATION     HODKINSON ID, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P314     HOFFMANN AA, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P1     HUEY RB, 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE, P205     JAMES AC, 1997, GENETICS, V146, P881     JANZEN DH, 1967, AM NAT, V101, P233     JOHNSTON IA, 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE     KLOK CJ, 1998, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V44, P615     KLOK CJ, 1997, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V43, P685     KLOK CJ, 1998, J THERM BIOL, V23, P131     LEE RE, 1991, INSECTS LOW TEMPERAT, P17     LUTTERSCHMIDT WI, 1997, CAN J ZOOL, V75, P1553     LUTTERSCHMIDT WI, 1997, CAN J ZOOL, V75, P1561     MELLANBY K, 1932, J EXP BIOL, V9, P222     MILLER K, 1982, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V73, P595     MITCHELL JD, 1993, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V39, P523     MONGOLD JA, 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE, P239     MULLER MJ, 1982, SELECTED CLIMATIC DA     PURVIS A, 1995, COMPUT APPL BIOSCI, V11, P247     RAPOPORT EH, 1982, AREOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHI     ROBERTS CS, 1991, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V16, P463     ROSENBERG NJ, 1983, MICROCLIMATE BIOL EN     RUGGIERO A, 1998, BIOL J LINN SOC, V63, P283     SNYDER GK, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P93     SOMME L, 1989, BIOL REV, V64, P367     SOMME L, 1982, COMP BIOCH PHYSL A, V73, P519     SOMME L, 1991, INSECTS LOW TEMPERAT, P318     STANLEY SM, 1980, AUST J ZOOL, V28, P413     STEVENS GC, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P893     STEVENS GC, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P240     STOREY KB, 1996, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V27, P365EnglishArticle230JNOIKOS},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {584-590},
	abstract = {An increase in the altitudinal range of occurrence of species in an assemblage with increasing elevation has been explained as a consequence of individual organisms having to be able to withstand a broader range of climatic conditions at higher elevations; the climatic variability hypothesis. Here we show that for scarab dung beetles (26 species) across an elevational transect (approx. 2500 In) in southern Africa thermal tolerance range does increase with increasing elevation across individuals and across species. The maximal thermal tolerance range exhibited increases slowly with elevation and the minimum range increases more rapidly. The mechanistic basis of the change appears to be one of rapidly changing critical thermal minimum (CTmin) with elevation and only small changes in critical thermal maximum (CTmax). Of course, even if the pattern of tolerance of species assumed by the climatic variability hypothesis is correct, an increase in altitudinal range with increasing elevation need not necessarily follow. However, although sampling has been limited, there does appear to be an elevational increase in altitudinal range for this species assemblage.},
	keywords = {arthropods, cold-hardiness, critical thermal maximum, desert, drosophila-melanogaster, latitudinal gradient, lepidoptera, namib, rapoports rule, temperature tolerance, tenebrionid beetles, terrestrial},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000082248200019},
	author = {Gaston, K. J. and Chown, S. L.}
}
@article {2257,
	title = {Conservation of heterogeneity among dung beetles in the Maputaland Centre of Endemism, South Africa},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {88},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {162JRBIOL CONSERV},
	month = {May},
	pages = {145-153},
	abstract = {In southern Africa the Maputaland Centre is one of the most significant, though less well-known, centres of biotic endemism. Here we examine variation in dung beetle assemblages between habitats and between reserves on two Maputaland reserves (Tembe Elephant Park and Sileza Nature Reserve). Dung beetle assemblages were found to be homogeneous within habitat types and within reserves, but assemblages differed between habitat types (Sand Forest and Mixed Woodland). There was, however, significant between-reserve heterogeneity in dung beetle assemblages for each particular habitat type. Given that there are significant differences in both dung beetles and plants, it is clear that these forests must be conserved in both Tembe and Sileza, especially because of increasing damage by elephants to Sand Forests in Tembe. We identify dung beetle indicator species that are specific to each habitat type in each reserve, and detector species that can be used to monitor changes in Sand Forests in those reserves. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000078342900001},
	author = {Van Rensburg, B. J. and McGeoch, M. A. and Chown, S. L. and Van Jaarsveld, A. S.}
}
