@article {1921,
	title = {Species diversity and composition of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) assemblages in North America},
	journal = {Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {132},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {307-321},
	abstract = {Data from 18 studies carried out on dung beetles from temperate North America (north of 25degree latitude) are compared to verify the existence of some geographical pattern in the variation of three parameters: (1) species number, (2) taxonomic composition, and (3) number of introduced species. Southern localities are characterized by a larger number of species and a significantly higher number of scarabaeine species than northern localities (only southern communities located inside the Chihuahuan desert do not conform to this pattern). To explain the latitudinal pattern in faunistic composition and number of species, historical factors are postulated. Foreign species of the tribe Aphodiini seem to be more frequent in the northern localities where more aphodiine native species occur. In contrast, foreign species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are not more frequent in the southern localities with a greater number of native scarabaeine species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the more diverse assemblages of native dung beetle are more resistant to invasion by foreign species.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, biological-invasions, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetles (Coleoptera-), Insects-, introduced-species, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, North-America (Nearctic-region), species-diversity, taxonom},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1924,
	title = {An intercontinental comparison of dung beetle diversity between two mediterranean-climatic regions: Local versus regional and historical influences},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {5},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {91-103},
	abstract = {The species richness of biological communities is influenced by both local ecological, regional ecological, and historical factors. The relative importance of these factors may be deduced by comparison between communities in climatically and ecologically equivalent, but geographically and historically separate regions of the world. This claim is based on the hypothesis that community processes driven by similar local ecological factors lead to convergence in species richness whereas those driven by differing regional or historical factors lead to divergence. An intercontinental comparison between the winter rainfall regions of South Africa and the Iberian Peninsula showed that overall species richness of dung beetles was dissimilar at local, subregional and regional scales in Scarabaeidae s. str. but similar at all scales in Aphodiinae. Removal of species widespread in the summer rainfall region of Africa or the temperate region of Europe (regional component) resulted in dissimilarit y in species richness of mediterranean endemics at all scales in both dung beetle taxa. However, the lines joining each set of species richness values were parallel which may indicate similarities in processes between different mediterranean climatic regions despite slight differences in latitudinal range. The dominant pattern of dissimilarity or non-convergence may be related primarily to intercontinental differences in regional biogeographical and evolutionary history (faunal dispersal, glaciation effects in relation to geographical barriers to dispersal, speciation history, long-term disturbance history). The limited pattern of similarity or convergence in overall species richness of Aphodiinae may be a chance result or primarily related to intercontinental similarities in local ecological factors.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Aphodiinae- (Coleoptera-), Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-), Iberian-Peninsula (Europe-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Population-Studies, Scarabaeidae- (Coleoptera-)},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Davis, Adrian L. V.}
}
@article {1939,
	title = {Diversity and spatial turnover of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidae) communities in a protected area of South Europe (Donana National Park, Huelva, Spain)},
	journal = {Elytron},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1997},
	note = {1997ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {71-88},
	abstract = {Diversity and spatial turnover of the spring dung beetle community of Donana National Park (Huelva, Spain), one of the most important wildlife reserves in the Mediterranean area, were examined. The entire dung beetle community is estimated to comprise around 68 species. Coastal dunes and marsh proved to be the most singular habitats within Donana Reserve. Response of Scarabaeidae and Aphodiidae to habitat heterogeneity was different. Scarabaeidae fauna was highly homogeneous throughout the habitats whereas Aphodiidae showed higher rates of species turnover and some singular local communities, thus contributing to a greater extent to the regional diversity. Scarabaeidae family presents more ubiquitous species and lower values of beta diversity, so that its local and regional diversity converge. It is suggested that different adaptive strategies regard in resource partitioning (Scarabaeidae: tunnellers and ball-rollers; Aphodiidae: dwellers) can account for these differences. Although Donana National Park is home to a richer wild mammal fauna and non-human altered habitats, its dung beetle diversity is similar to that of other Spanish regions.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Aphodiidae- (Coleoptera-), Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Donana-National-Park (Spain-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-): Scarabaeoidea-, Europe-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Palearctic-region):},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Sanmartin, Isabel and Martin, Piera Fermin}
}
@article {1602,
	title = {The use of indicator groups for measuring biodiversity as related to community structure and function},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie},
	number = {72},
	year = {1997},
	note = {Dec., 1997Literature ReviewEnglish},
	pages = {1-25},
	abstract = {In this study we discuss the reasons for using indicator groups to measure biodiversity at the species level ("organismal diversity" sensu Harper and Hawksworth). We further explore our previous proposals for the use of dung beetles belonging to the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera) as an indicator group for studying the types of communities found in tropical forests and derived formations, particularly those created by human activity. We present a method for obtaining quantifiable information that allows comparative studies to be done, as well as an analysis of the effects of human activities that result in the alteration, fragmentation and destruction of natural communities. Although emphasis is placed on the indicator group and the communities selected, we propose that this analysis of biodiversity can be used with other groups and in different community types. The arguments we present for the use of indicator groups can be applied to different ways of studying biodiversity at the species level, however this study focuses on presenting appropriate methodology for ecological analysis; that is, for the study of local biodiversity as an element for the interpretation of community structure and function.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetles, ecological-analysis: analytical-method, human, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Methods-and-Techniques, Scarabaeinae- (Coleoptera-): indicator-group},
	author = {Favila, Mario E and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
