@article {1589,
	title = {Tropical rain forest fragmentation, Howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), and dung beetles at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {American Journal of Primatology},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {253-262},
	abstract = {In Neotropical rain forests, fresh mammal dung, especially that of howler monkeys, constitutes an important resource used by dung beetles as food and for oviposition and further feeding by their larvae. Tropical rain forest destruction, fragmentation, and subsequent isolation causing reductions in numbers of and the disappearance of howler moneys may result in decreasing numbers of dung beetles, but this has not been documented. In this study, we present information on the presence of howlers and dung beetles in 38 isolated forest fragments and 15 agricultural habitats. Howler monkeys were censused by visual means, while dung beetles were sampled with traps baited with a mixture of howler, cow, horse, and dog dung. Results indicated that loss of area and isolation of forest fragments result in significant decrements in howlers and dung beetles. However, dung beetle abundance was found to be closely related to the presence of howler monkeys at the sites and habitats investigated. Scenarios of land management designed to reduce isolation among forest fragments may help sustain populations of howler monkeys and dung beetles, which may have positive consequences for rain forest regeneration.},
	keywords = {Alouatta-palliata [howler-mo, Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Cebidae-: Primates-, Chordata-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Conservation-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-), Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Mammalia-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Anzures D. , A. and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {1780,
	title = {Shady field boundaries and the colonisation of dung by coprophagous beetles in Central American pastures},
	journal = {Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment},
	volume = {91},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {[print] Septembe},
	pages = {25-36},
	abstract = {This study examines how the shade from field boundaries may enhance dung decomposition in tropical pastures through its effects on coprophagous beetles. Between August 1995 and January 1998, beetles were collected using dung-baited pitfall traps at a cattle ranch in coastal El Salvador. Fifteen species were recorded throughout the study and, although some species were significantly associated with field boundaries, there were no species exclusive to the boundaries. Diurnal specialist open-field beetles arrived predominantly on the day of dung deposition whereas nocturnal generalist species colonised older dung (one species) or colonised dung for longer (three species) particularly, in the shade. The endocoprid Aphodiinae (two species) generally colonised dung that was 3-7 days old, at a time when activity of the larger paracoprid Coprini and Onthophagini had diminished. Deposition of dung in the shade of field boundaries extended the period during which it was suitable for colonisation, raising the average dung colonisation time by generalist species. The importance of shady field boundaries in dung beetle conservation and efficient dung decomposition in pasture ecosystems is discussed.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Aphodiinae- (Coleoptera-), Aphodius-spp. (Coleoptera-), Arthropoda-, Ateuchus-rodriguezi (Coleoptera-), Canthon-in, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Conservation-, Economic-Entomology, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Horgan, Finbarr G}
}
