@article {1375,
	title = {Interactions between dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and the arbovirus vector Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)},
	journal = {Australian Journal of Entomology},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {89-96},
	abstract = {The potential for dung beetles to reduce populations of the biting midge and arbovirus vector Culicoides brevitarsis  in bovine dung was studied in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales (NSW) between 1999 and 2003 using natural populations of insects. Preliminary work to develop experimental procedures showed that: a few C. brevitarsis  could survive in buried dung; dung beetles and C. brevitarsis  coming to dung were unaffected by a background of shade-cloth used experimentally to prevent dung burial; the most abundant dung beetle, Onthophagus gazella  L. and C. brevitarsis oviposition occurred concurrently in the first 2 d after dung deposition, and the potential for interaction between dung beetles and C. brevitarsis was greatest in open pasture adjacent to trees where cattle congregate at night. Laboratory experiments on dung burial showed that C. brevitarsis  numbers decreased as numbers of dung beetles increased or as the dry weight of dung decreased due to burial. This was seldom reflected in the field where, although significant burial occurred experimentally in 9 of 20 trials over 3 years, a significant decline in C. brevitarsis  numbers attributable to burial only occurred once. C. brevitarsis  numbers in the field were lower in unburied dung in 70\% of trials. Differences were significant twice and were considered the result of dung disturbance. In the laboratory, decreasing numbers of C. brevitarsis  were related to three characteristics of disturbance: the flattening, spreading and reduction in wet weight of the dung. Evidence of C. brevitarsis  activity throughout coastal NSW suggests that, while C. brevitarsis  numbers may be modified by dung beetles, the interaction is insufficient to prevent their increase, spread and ability to transmit viruses to livestock.},
	keywords = {bovine dung, burial, Disturbance, Onthophagus gazella, Onthophagus granulatus},
	author = {Bishop, Alan L. and McKenzie, Harry J. and Spohr, Lorraine J. and Barchia, Idris M.}
}
@article {1382,
	title = {Onthophagus gazella: effect on survival of horn flies in the laboratory},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {2},
	number = {5},
	year = {1973},
	note = {requested 1/6 disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	pages = {811-813},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service dung beetle, Horn Flies, Onthophagus gazella, SURVIVAL},
	author = {Blume, Richard R. and Matter, J. J. and Eschle, J. L.}
}
@article {1897,
	title = {Effects of cattle treatment with a fluazuron pour-on on survival and reproduction of the dung beetle species Onthophagus gazella (Fabricius)},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	volume = {143},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {380-384},
	abstract = {While resistance against many other classes of acaricides has been described, products containing benzoylphenyl urea are currently still successfully used against the pesticide-resistant blue tick (Boophilus decoloratus) in South Africa. In order to assess any adverse impact of these tickicides on the important dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) fauna, a bioassay was undertaken on the ecotoxicological effects of a fluazuron (benzoylphenyl urea) pour-on formulation (Acatak1) on the survival and reproduction of the African dung beetles species Onthophagus gazella (Fabricius). The experiment yielded no significant differences in adult or larval survival, egg production, fecundity and fertility between the control and treatment group following three beetle generations over. These results suggested that treatment of cattle with the fluazuron pour-on formulation Acatak1 was not detrimental to the selected dung beetle species in any notable way.},
	keywords = {Acaricide, Benzoylphenyl urea, Boophilus decoloratus, dung beetle, ecotoxicological effect, Fluazuron, Onthophagus gazella},
	author = {Kryger, U. and Deschodt, C. and Davis, A. L. V. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1911,
	title = {Influence of adult size of Onthophagus gazella on manure pat degredation, nest construction, and progeny size},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {5},
	year = {1981},
	note = {have copy},
	month = {October 15},
	pages = {625-630},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, Nest construction, Onthophagus gazella, Parental care, Progeny size},
	author = {Lee, Marshall J. and Peng, Ying-Shin}
}
@article {1913,
	title = {Questions concerning the dynamics of Onthophagus gazella (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidea) with symbovine flies in the lower Colorado desert of California},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Californian Moquito and Vector Control Association Inc},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1983},
	note = {need copy disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	pages = {9-11},
	keywords = {california, dung beetle, ecosystem service, introduced species, Onthophagus gazella, parasite control dung beetle},
	author = {Lenger, E. F and Warkentin, R. W}
}
@article {1608,
	title = {Proposta para maximizar a utilizacao dos recursos disponiveis na criacao do besouro africano (Onthophagus gazella, Fab.)},
	journal = {Boletim de Pesquisa Embrapa},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1-16},
	keywords = {brazil, improvement in methodology, mass production, Onthophagus gazella},
	isbn = {0101-5516},
	author = {Fazolin, Murilo and Argolo, Valdirene Maia and Estrela, Joelma Lima Vidal}
}
@article {2269,
	title = {Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Onthophagus gazella (F.) and Onthophagus rectecornutus Lansb. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Journal, Bombay Natural History Society},
	volume = {93},
	number = {2},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {252-256},
	keywords = {Biology, nesting, Onthophagus gazella, Onthophagus rectecornutus},
	author = {Veenakumari, K. and Veeresh, G. K.}
}
