@article {1300,
	title = {Besouros Coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Coletados em Aquidauana, MS, Brasil},
	journal = {An. Sociedad Entomologica Brasil},
	volume = {29},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {817-820},
	keywords = {Dung beetles, Dung pats, Insecta},
	author = {Aidar, Themis and Koller, Wilson W. and Rodrigues, Sergio R. and Correa, Agenor M. and da Silva, Joao C. C. and Balta, Orico dos S. and de Oliveira, Jovelina M. and de Oliveira, Vera L.}
}
@mastersthesis {1313,
	title = {The role of dung beetles in the regeneration of rainforest plants in Central Amazonia},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {212},
	school = {University of Florida},
	address = {Gainesville},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1325,
	title = {Escarabajos Coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) asociados a hongos en la Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango, Mexico: con una compilacion de las especies micetofagas},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {119-130},
	keywords = {Durango, Mexico, Mycetophagy, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Sofia Anduaga}
}
@article {1434,
	title = {A Checklist of arthropods associated with pig carrion and human corpses in southeastern Brazil},
	journal = {Memoria Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro},
	volume = {95},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Jan/Feb},
	pages = {135-138},
	abstract = {Necrophagous insects, mainly Diptera and Coleoptera, are attracted to specific stages of carcass decomposition, in a process of faunistic succession. They are very important in estimating the postmortem interval, the time interval between the death and the discovery of the body. In studies done with pig carcasses exposed to natural conditions in an urban forest (Santa Genebra Reservation), located in Campinas, State of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, 4 out of 36 families of insects collected - Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae  (Diptera) and Dermestidae (Coleoptera) {\textendash} were considered of forensic importance, because several species were collected in large numbers both visiting and breeding in pig carcasses. Several species were also observed and collected on human corpses at the Institute of Legal Medicine. The species belonged to 17 different families, 6 being of forensic importance because they were reared from human corpses or pig carcasses: Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, Piophilidae (Diptera), Dermestidae, Silphidae and Cleridae (Coleoptera). The most important species were: Diptera {\textendash} Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya putoria, Hemilucilia segmentaria, Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Calliphoridae), Pattonella intermutans (Sarcophagidae), Ophyra chalcogaster (Muscidae), Piophila casei (Piophilidae); Coleoptera {\textendash}  Dermestes maculatus (Dermestidae), Oxyletrum disciolle (Silphidae) and Necrobia rufipes (Cleridae). },
	keywords = {carrion insects, COLEOPTERA, death time, decomposition, diptera, Forensic entomology},
	author = {Carvalho, L. M. L. and Thyssen, P. J. and Linhares, A. X. and Palhares, F. A. B.}
}
@article {1463,
	title = {Reproduction and survival of the dung beetle Onthophagus binodis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) exposed to abamectin and doramectin residues in cattle dung},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {6},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital copy disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1116-1122},
	abstract = {Two groups of 50 heifers were given a subcutaneous injection of either abamectin (Avomec) or doramectin (Dectomax) at a dose rate of 200 mug/kg live weight. A third group of 50 heifers remained untreated. Dung samples were collected on 1, 3, 6, 9, 18, 24, 34, and 42 d after injection, and excreted residues were bioassayed using the dung beetle Onthophagus binodis Thunberg. Fewer newly emerged adults of O. binodis survived exposure to dung from cattle treated 3 and 6 d previously with abamectin or 9 d previously with doramectin than from dung of untreated cattle. Both compounds induced a range of sublethal effects on O. binodis. Abamectin residues excreted in dung up to 42 d after injection had a deleterious impact on ovarian condition, brood mass (egg) production, and lan al survival. Doramectin residues only had a deleterious effect on these parameters at 3 and 6 d after injection relative to dung from control cattle. Analysis of the dung collected at each date after injection indicated that moisture content, pH, and percent nitrogen were not different from other physicochemical profiles conducted on cattle dung. Doramectin residues attained maximal concentrations of 101.1 mug/kg 3 d after injection followed by a linear decline with an elimination half-life estimate of 15 d. The bioassay data indicated that doramectin concentrations of <60 <mu>g/kg have minimal impact on the mortality and reproductive potential of O. binodis and that deleterious effects to this species will be evident for only 1-2 wk after administration of the drug to cattle. The potential ecotoxic effects of these compounds are discussed in terms of dung beetle activity and strategies for parasite control of cattle in the Australian environment.},
	keywords = {ANTIPARASITIC DRUG IVERMECTIN, avermectin, AVERMECTIN RESIDUES, burial, doramectin, dung beetle, ecotoxicity, FAUNA dung beetle, FIELD, HORSES, impact, insects, PHARMACOKINETICS, TREATING CATTLE},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000166389300004 },
	author = {Dadour, I. R. and Cook, D. F. and Hennessy, D.}
}
@article {1470,
	title = {Does reduced-impact logging help preserve biodiversity in tropical rainforests? A case study from Borneo using dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) as indicators},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital copyhard copy},
	pages = {467-475},
	abstract = {The role of reduced-impact logging on the preservation of biodiversity in tropical lowland dipterocarp rainforest is examined by looking at differences in dung beetle community structure between two sites logged in 1993: one harvested using reduced-impact methods and one using conventional techniques. Collections were made using two night intercept traps over 7 d, and samples were compared with previous collections made from primary forest (riverine and interior-forest) and older forest logged using conventional techniques (logged in 1981). Of the two 1993 sites, the higher diversity and species richness (S = 57, n = 969, alpha = 13.23, H{\textquoteright} = 3.24) was recorded in the forest logged using reduced-impact techniques: the conventionally logged site had both lower diversity and species richness (S = 18. n = 1968, alpha = 8.88, H{\textquoteright} = 1.89), and lacked some primary forest specialists present in the reduced-impact forest samples. The dung beetle community in the 1993 conventional logged site is similar to that of the conventional logging site harvested in 1981. Primary forest has a well-defined ecotone, from interior to riverine forest: both 1993 sites contain a mixture of interior-forest and riverine specialists that are usually spatially separated along this ecotone. Although the dung beetle assemblage in the forest harvested by reduced-impact logging is more similar to a primary interior-forest assemblage than the conventionally logged site, both 1993 sites have assemblages that are closer in similarity to assemblages from primary-riverine habitat than they are to ones from primary interior-forest. However, because the forest logged using reduced-impact logging techniques has a more equitable and diverse dung beetle assemblage and a greater number of interior-forest specialists than the conventionally logged site, this study suggests that reduced-impact logging has better preserved the primary forest assemblage than conventional logging techniques.},
	keywords = {diversity, ecotone (biological conservation 2007), edge effects, modification, selective logging},
	author = {Davis, Andrew J.}
}
@article {1471,
	title = {Species richness of dung-feeding beetles (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Hybosoridae) in tropical rainforest at Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {340ZJCOLEOPTS BULL},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {221-231},
	abstract = {This paper records the species richness and composition of the dung-feeding fauna within the Danum Valley Conservation Area in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Comparisons are made with other rainforest sites in the Neotropics, Africa, Asia and Australia. To date, ninety-seven rainforest dung beetle species have been identified from Danum samples, making this the most species- rich rainforest site yet recorded. Reasons for the high species richness measure are examined, including the comprehensive nature of the trapping programme, utilizing both baited pitfall and flight intercept traps, the resource diversity and abundance at Danum, and the presence of a rich vertebrate fauna. Comments are made on the effectiveness of the trapping programme, and the implications of these results for the measurement of species richness and diversity of other arthropod groups in tropical rainforest.},
	keywords = {abundance, communities, dynamics, insects, rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000088566300005},
	author = {Davis, A. J.}
}
@article {1473,
	title = {Apparent kleptoparasitic behaviour among Bornean rainforest dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {54},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {88-89},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Behavior-, Caccobius-unicornis (Coleoptera-), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Onthophagus-vulpes (Coleoptera-), Paragymnopleurus-maurus (Coleoptera-), Paragymnopleurus-s, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Davis, Andrew J. and Huijbregts, Hans}
}
@article {1474,
	title = {The role of local and regional processes in shaping dung beetle communities in tropical forest plantations in Borneo},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
	volume = {9},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {281-292},
	keywords = {Borneo (biological conservation 2007), dung beetle, local abundance, local processes, modification, plantations, regional processes, regional species pool, tropical forest},
	author = {Davis, Andrew J. and Huijbregts, Hans and Krikken, Jan}
}
@article {1497,
	title = {A comparative analysis of metabolic rate in six Scarabaeus species (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) from southern Africa: further caveats when inferring adaptation},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology},
	volume = {46},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 73Cited References:      ANDREWARTHA HG, 1954, DISTRIBUTION ABUNDAN     AYRES MP, 1994, ECOL MONOGR, V64, P465     BERRIGAN D, 1997, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V118, P1301     BLOCK W, 1977, J EXP BIOL, V68, P69     BULLOCK TH, 1955, BIOL REV, V30, P311     CHAPPELL MA, 1983, OECOLOGIA, V56, P126     CHOWN SL, 1999, BIOL REV, V74, P87     CHOWN SL, 1998, CAN J ZOOL, V76, P1123     CHOWN SL, 1997, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V70, P116     COSSINS AR, 1987, TEMPERATURE BIOL ANI     CRAFFORD JE, 1993, POLAR BIOL, V13, P411     CUSHMAN JH, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V95, P30     DJAWDAN M, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P828     DONAHAYE E, 1993, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V18, P247     DONAHAYE E, 1992, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V17, P219     EDNEY EB, 1977, ZOOPHYSIOLOGY ECOLOG, V9     EDWARDS PB, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V75, P527     GARLAND T, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P797     GIBBS AG, 1997, J EXP BIOL, V200, P1821     HADLEY NF, 1985, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V80, P307     HADLEY NF, 1994, WATER BALANCE TERRES     HARVEY PH, 1991, COMP METHOD EVOLUTIO     HODKINSON ID, 1997, ECOL ENTOMOL, V22, P47     HOFFMANN AA, 1989, BIOL J LINN SOC, V37, P117     HOFFMANN AA, 1991, EVOLUTIONARY GENETIC     HONIK A, 1996, EUROPEAN J ENTOMOLOG, V93, P303     HUEY RB, 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE, P205     JULIANO SA, 1986, CAN J ZOOL, V64, P73     KLOK CJ, 1994, THESIS U PRETORIA     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P309     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V159, P249     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V85, P4765     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V68, P43     LIGHTON JRB, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P142     LOEHLE C, 1998, J BIOGEOGR, V25, P735     LOVERIDGE JP, 1968, J EXP BIOL, V49, P15     LUDWIG D, 1937, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V10, P342     MACARTHUR RH, 1972, GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY     MACKAY WP, 1982, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V55, P367     MASSION DD, 1983, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V74, P101     MOLE S, 1994, FUNCT ECOL, V8, P573     MOSTERT LE, 1982, CIMBEBASIA A, V5, P273     MOSTERT LE, 1986, ENTOMOLOGY MEMOIRS, V65, P1     NYLUND L, 1991, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V100, P853     PARSONS PA, 1996, EVOL BIOL, V29, P39     PINKA ER, 1983, EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY     PRICE T, 1998, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V352, P519     QUINLAN MC, 1993, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V66, P628     RICKLEFS RE, 1996, OIKOS, V77, P167     ROGERS DJ, 1991, NATURE, V351, P739     SCHMIDTNIELSEN K, 1997, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT     SCHOLANDER PF, 1953, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V26, P67     SCHOLTZ CH, 1989, J ARID ENVIRON, V16, P305     SCHOLTZ CH, 1981, J ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC, V44, P83     SCHULTZ TD, 1992, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V65, P226     SCHULZE R, 1997, S AFRICAN ATLAS AGRO     SMITH DS, 1964, J MORPHOL, V114, P107     SOKAL RR, 1995, BIOMETRY PRINCIPLES     SOMME L, 1991, INSECTS LOW TEMPERAT, P318     SOMME L, 1995, INVERTEBRATES HOT CO     SOMME L, 1989, POLAR BIOL, V10, P135     STROMME JA, 1989, FAUNA NORV B, V36, P57     STROMME JA, 1986, POLAR RES, V4, P199     TAUBER MJ, 1998, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V27, P523     WASSERTHAL LT, 1996, ADV INSECT PHYSIOL, V26, P297     WILLIAMS AE, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P2945     WILLIAMS AE, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P2953     WILLIAMS AE, 1997, J EXP BIOL, V200, P615     YOUNG SR, 1979, J INSECT PHYSL, V25, P361     ZACHARIASSEN KE, 1987, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V86, P403     ZERA AJ, 1997, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V42, P207     ZERA AJ, 1997, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V70, P519     ZURSTRASSEN R, 1967, ENTOMOLOGISCHE BLATT, V63, P129EnglishArticle293GBJ INSECT PHYSIOL},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {553-562},
	abstract = {Alterations in VO2 or VCO2 are amongst the more polemical physiological adaptations ascribed to insects. Generally, metabolic rate is thought to be lowered in response to arid conditions, and elevated in species from cold environments compared to their more temperate relatives. However, most studies have rarely addressed the influence of both environmental factors in unison. To this end, standard metabolic rate and its temperature dependence were measured (at 4 degrees C intervals from 16 to 32 degrees C) in six Scarabaeus dung beetle species (three flightless, three volant) from a variety of habitats (warm, arid to cool, mesic) in southern Africa using flow-through respirometry. Mass specific VCO2 varied from 0.0158 mi g(-1) h(-1) at 16 degrees C to 0.1839 ml g(-1) h(-1) at 32 degrees C. The slopes of the rate temperature curves were similar for all species (Q(10)s of 2.14-2.84), although the intercepts differed significantly in the direction (warm arid to cool mesic): S. gariepinus<S. hippocrates<S. striatum<S. galenus<S. rusticus<S. westwoodi. General Linear models were fitted to the VCO2 data with treatment temperature, wing status, mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature as the independent variables. For all six species, the best fit model included treatment temperature and wing status only. Flightless species had significantly lower VCO(2)s than did winged ones. Amongst the flightless species, S. gariepinus, from the driest area, had the lowest VCO2. Among the winged species it was impossible to determine whether environmental temperature or water availability were most important in influencing VCO2; both were significant. We conclude that investigations of metabolic rate modulation, and especially metabolic cold adaptation, in insects must take both temperature and water availability into account. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {acclimatisation, consumption, cricket gryllus-firmus, desiccation resistance, drosophila-melanogaster, gas-exchange, ins, metabolic cold adaptation, oxygen-, respiratory metabolism, respirometry, unselected strain, VCO2, water-loss},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000085842500019},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Chown, S. L. and McGeoch, M. A. and Scholtz, C. H.}
}
@article {1521,
	title = {Benzoquinones and Hydroquinones in Defensive secretions of tropical millipedes},
	journal = {Naturwissenschaften},
	volume = {87},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {80-82},
	abstract = {The defensive secretions of two tropical species of millipedes (the spirostreptid Telodeinopus aoutii and a species of Harpagophoridae) contain a complex mixture of closely related benzoquinones and hydroquinones. The major compounds are tolu- quinone and 2-methoxy-3-methylbenzoquinone, ac- companied by the minor components, 2,3-dimethoxy- benzoquinone and toluhydroquinone. Because of the large size and the geographic separation of the test animals a common defensive strategy of tropi- cal, large millipedes against predation by vertebrates is assumed.},
	author = {Deml, R. and Huth, Angela}
}
@article {1549,
	title = {Discontinuous gas exchange in dung beetles: patterns and ecological implications},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {122},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 40Cited References:      BARTHOLOMEW GA, 1985, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V155, P155     BERNON G, 1981, THESIS U BOWLING GRE     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P22     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P36     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P51     CHOWN SL, 1995, FUNCT ECOL, V9, P30     DAVIS ALV, 1995, ACTA OECOL, V16, P641     DAVIS ALV, 1996, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V58, P157     DOUBE BM, 1990, B ENTOMOL RES, V80, P259     DOUBE BM, 1983, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P357     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     DUNCAN FD, 1997, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V22, P310     DUNCAN FD, 1993, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V18, P372     FERREIRA MC, 1972, REV ENT MOCAM, V11, P5     HADLEY NF, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P175     HEINRICH B, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P489     HOLTER P, 1991, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V35, P281     KESTLER A, 1985, ENV PHYSL BIOCH INSE, P137     KLOK CJ, 1994, THESIS U PRETORIA     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P309     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, CONCISE ENCY BIOL BI, P201     LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V163, P11     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P521     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P1613     LIGHTON JRB, 1992, J EXP BIOL, V173, P289     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V159, P249     LIGHTON JRB, 1990, J EXP BIOL, V151, P71     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J EXP BIOL, V134, P363     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J INSECT PHYSL, V34, P361     LIGHTON JRB, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P142     LIGHTON JRB, 1985, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V58, P390     MILLER PL, 1981, LOCOMOTION ENERGETIC, P367     OSBERG D, 1988, THESIS U WITWATERSRA     OSBERG DC, 1992, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V55, P85     OSBERG DC, 1993, TROP ZOOL, V6, P243     PASCHALIDIS KM, 1974, THESIS RHODES U GRAH     SCHMIDTNIELSEN K, 1980, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT     SLAMA K, 1988, WOODS HOLE OCEANOGR, V175, P289     TRIBE GD, 1976, THESIS U NATAL PIETE     ZAR JH, 1984, BIOSTATISTICAL ANALEnglishArticle303YGOECOLOGIA},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {452-458},
	abstract = {This study correlates a distinctive pattern of external gas exchanger referred to as the discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC), observed in the laboratory, with habitat associations of five species of telecoprid dung beetles. The beetles were chosen from a variety of habitats that would be expected to present different amounts of water stress. All five species exhibited DGC. Sisyphus fasciculatus has been recorded only in woodland areas, and does not have strict spiracular control during its DGC. Anachalcos convexus and Scarabaeus rusticus are associated with open mesic habitats. Both species exhibit a distinct DGC, previously found in some other insect species, but intermediate within this study group. Sc. flavicornis and Circellium bacchus are typically found in arid regions, and have the most unusual form of DGC with spiracular fluttering during the burst phase. These results support the hypothesis that spiracular fluttering reduces respiratory water loss. From this study we conclude that the DGC is an ancestral adaptation. most probably as a result of anoxic environments in underground burrows, but that spiracular control is enhanced to reduce respiratory water lass in beetle species that live in arid habitats.},
	keywords = {ant, COLEOPTERA, discontinuous gas exchange cycle, formicidae, habitat association, hymenoptera, namib desert, respiration, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, south-africa, telecoprid, tenebrionid beetles, terrestrial insects, ventilatory patterns},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086455000002},
	author = {Duncan, F. D. and Byrne, M. J.}
}
@article {1563,
	title = {Integrating development with evolution: a case study with beetle horns},
	journal = {Bioscience},
	volume = {50},
	number = {5},
	year = {2000},
	month = {May},
	pages = {403-418},
	author = {Emlen, Douglas J.}
}
@article {1569,
	title = {The development and evolution of exaggerated morphologies in insects},
	journal = {Annual Review of Entomology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {661-708},
	abstract = {We discuss a framework for studying the evolution of morphology in insects, based on the concepts of {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}phenotypic plasticity{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}reaction norms.{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} We illustrate this approach with the evolution of some of the most extreme morphologies in insects: exaggerated, sexually selected male ornaments and weapons, and elaborate social insect soldier castes. Most of these traits scale with body size, and these scaling relationships are often nonlinear. We argue that scaling relationships are best viewed as reaction norms, and that the evolution of exaggerated morphological traits results from genetic changes in the slope and/or shape of these scaling relationships. After reviewing literature on sexually selected and caste-specific structures, we suggest two possible routes to the evolution of exaggerated trait dimensions: (a) the evolution of steeper scaling relationship slopes and (b) the evolution of sigmoid or discontinuous scaling relationship shapes. We discuss evolutionary implications of these two routes to exaggeration and suggest why so many of the most exaggerated insect structures scale nonlinearly with body size. Finally, we review literature on insect development to provide a comprehensive picture of how scaling relationships arise and to suggest how they may be modified through evolution.},
	keywords = {allometry, castes, Polyphenism, sexual selection, threshold traits},
	author = {Emlen, Douglas J. and Nijhout, H. Frederik}
}
@article {1579,
	title = {Space and time distribution along a succesional gradient of coprofagous coleopterans (Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae) in a tropical montane forest, Narino Colombia},
	journal = {Revista De Biologia Tropical},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 39Cited References:      AMAT G, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P191     ANDRADE IG, 1992, BIODIVERSIDAD CONSER, P9     BREYTENBACH W, 1986, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V49, P359     CAVALIER J, 1991, BOSQUES NIEBLA COLOM, P69     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     ELLIOT JM, 1977, SOME METHODS STAT AN     EMLEN DJ, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P567     ESCOBAR F, 1999, 4 REUN LAT AM SCAR V, P135     ESCOBAR F, 2000, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V79, P103     ESCOBAR F, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P419     ESCOBAR F, 1994, THESIS U VALLE CALI     ESPINAL S, 1977, ZONAS VIDA FORMACION, V13     ESTRADA A, 1993, J TROP ECOL, V9, P45     FAVILA ME, 1997, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V72, P1     FAVILA ME, 1993, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V5, P319     FAVILA ME, 1988, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEX, V75, P117     FINCHER GT, 1973, COL B, V27, P33     FORMAN RTT, 1995, LAND MOSAICS     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLES ECOLOGY, P331     HANSKI I, 1989, ECOSYSTEMS WORLD B, V14, P489     HOBBS RJ, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P324     JANZEN HD, 1982, OIKOS, V33, P274     KATTAN GH, 1996, FOREST PATCHES TROPI, P3     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     LORD JM, 1990, CONSERV BIOL, V4, P197     NEALIS VG, 1977, CAN J ZOOL, V5, P138     ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230     SAUNDERS DA, 1991, CONSERV BIOL, V5, P18     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     SOWIG P, 1996, ECOGRAPHY, V19, P254     SOWIG P, 1995, ECOGRAPHY, V18, P147     STOUFFER PC, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P2429     VANDERHAMMEN T, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, P603     WEINS JA, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P369     WOLDA H, 1988, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V19, P1FrenchArticle450BDREV BIOL TROP},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {961-975},
	abstract = {Dung beetles (Scarabaeinae y Aphodiinae) were used to evaluate the effects of human activities in the area surrounding La Planada Natural Reserve, southwestern Colombia. During 1993 we monitored three habitats: primary and secondary forest, and open fields used for cattle grazing. A total of 55 295 trap / hours, evenly distributed among the three habitat types, captured 9 115 individuals (18 species, 11 general. There were differences in species richness between habitats (F-2,F-9 = 29.88; P < 0.001), an in number of individuals (F-2,F-9 = 36.22; P < 0.001). Collecting sites differed within habitats. Cluster analyses show that species composition differs between habitats with and without tree cover. Open areas act as barriers for movements of forest species. Differences between habitats and collecting sites may reflect high environmental heterogeneity, land use history of the sites or the influence of nearby disturbance. Some of the species found in open fields come from lower elevations and are usually associated with intense human disturbance. The proportion of digging and rolling: species is similar in both primary and secondary forest, nocturnal species are more abundant; in open areas rolling species are absent and the number of diurnal species increases. We found no relationship between rainfall and species richness (r(2) = 0.26; P = 0.41), nor between rainfall and number of individuals collected throughout the year (r(2) = 0.07; P = 0.84). For all species the number of individuals collected decreased during dry season and during the onset of the rainy season.},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, Colombian Andes, consequences, diversity and conservation, Dung beetles, fragmentation, heterogeneity, Scarabaeinae, soil-moisture, spatial, succession gradient},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169720900020},
	author = {Escobar, F. and de Ulloa, P. C.}
}
@article {1581,
	title = {Diversidad de Coleopteros coprofagos (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en un mosaico de habitats en la reserva natural Nunak, Guaviare, Colombia},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {103-121},
	keywords = {Amazon, Colombia, diversity, dung beetle, Scarabaeinae, spatial heterogeneity},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico}
}
@article {1585,
	title = {Space and time distribution along a succesional gradient of coprofagous coleopterans (Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae) in a tropical montane forest, Narino Colombia},
	journal = {Revista De Biologia Tropical},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 39Cited References:      AMAT G, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P191     ANDRADE IG, 1992, BIODIVERSIDAD CONSER, P9     BREYTENBACH W, 1986, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V49, P359     CAVALIER J, 1991, BOSQUES NIEBLA COLOM, P69     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     ELLIOT JM, 1977, SOME METHODS STAT AN     EMLEN DJ, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P567     ESCOBAR F, 1999, 4 REUN LAT AM SCAR V, P135     ESCOBAR F, 2000, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V79, P103     ESCOBAR F, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P419     ESCOBAR F, 1994, THESIS U VALLE CALI     ESPINAL S, 1977, ZONAS VIDA FORMACION, V13     ESTRADA A, 1993, J TROP ECOL, V9, P45     FAVILA ME, 1997, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V72, P1     FAVILA ME, 1993, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V5, P319     FAVILA ME, 1988, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEX, V75, P117     FINCHER GT, 1973, COL B, V27, P33     FORMAN RTT, 1995, LAND MOSAICS     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLES ECOLOGY, P331     HANSKI I, 1989, ECOSYSTEMS WORLD B, V14, P489     HOBBS RJ, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P324     JANZEN HD, 1982, OIKOS, V33, P274     KATTAN GH, 1996, FOREST PATCHES TROPI, P3     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     LORD JM, 1990, CONSERV BIOL, V4, P197     NEALIS VG, 1977, CAN J ZOOL, V5, P138     ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230     SAUNDERS DA, 1991, CONSERV BIOL, V5, P18     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     SOWIG P, 1996, ECOGRAPHY, V19, P254     SOWIG P, 1995, ECOGRAPHY, V18, P147     STOUFFER PC, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P2429     VANDERHAMMEN T, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, P603     WEINS JA, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P369     WOLDA H, 1988, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V19, P1FrenchArticle450BDREV BIOL TROP},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {961-975},
	abstract = {Dung beetles (Scarabaeinae y Aphodiinae) were used to evaluate the effects of human activities in the area surrounding La Planada Natural Reserve, southwestern Colombia. During 1993 we monitored three habitats: primary and secondary forest, and open fields used for cattle grazing. A total of 55 295 trap / hours, evenly distributed among the three habitat types, captured 9 115 individuals (18 species, 11 general. There were differences in species richness between habitats (F-2,F-9 = 29.88; P < 0.001), an in number of individuals (F-2,F-9 = 36.22; P < 0.001). Collecting sites differed within habitats. Cluster analyses show that species composition differs between habitats with and without tree cover. Open areas act as barriers for movements of forest species. Differences between habitats and collecting sites may reflect high environmental heterogeneity, land use history of the sites or the influence of nearby disturbance. Some of the species found in open fields come from lower elevations and are usually associated with intense human disturbance. The proportion of digging and rolling: species is similar in both primary and secondary forest, nocturnal species are more abundant; in open areas rolling species are absent and the number of diurnal species increases. We found no relationship between rainfall and species richness (r(2) = 0.26; P = 0.41), nor between rainfall and number of individuals collected throughout the year (r(2) = 0.07; P = 0.84). For all species the number of individuals collected decreased during dry season and during the onset of the rainy season.},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, Colombian Andes, consequences, diversity and conservation, Dung beetles, fragmentation, heterogeneity, Scarabaeinae, soil-moisture, spatial, succession gradient},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169720900020},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico and de Ulloa, P. C.}
}
@article {1790,
	title = {Dung beetle geographic diversity variation along a Western Iberian latitudinal transect (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {93},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {235-243},
	abstract = {To explore the richness and geographic turnover of dung beetle assemblages (Scar- abaeinae and Aphodiinae) inhabiting the Western Iberian peninsula, a latitudinal north{\DH}south transect was carried out in Portuguese territory. Estimators of alpha, beta, and gamma diversities were used, as well as the ratio Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae, which puts into evidence some dung beetle community spatial characteristics. Clustering methods were also used to ascertain relationships between biogeographical Portuguese regions and geographical patterns of species replacement. Although Scarabaeinae appears mainly responsible for overall and regional richness, Aphodiinae richness was rather low everywhere except for the southernmost plot of the transect investigated. The scarcity of Aphodiinae species is re{\ss}ected in the Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae ratio, a score that is, however, clearly biased toward the Aphodiinae in almost all the Iberian Peninsula. For this reason the pairwise turnover in species composition between sites is mainly determined by the variation in Scarabaeinae species. Peaks of },
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, biogeography, Dung beetles, faunistic turnover, Portugal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Hortal-Munoz, J. and Martin-Pierra, Fermin and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1817,
	title = {Maternal and paternal effects on offspring phenotype in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus},
	journal = {Evolution},
	volume = {54},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {936-941},
	abstract = {Parents often have important influences on the development of traits in their offspring. One mechanism by which parents are able to influence offspring phenotype is through the level of care they provide. In onthophagine dung beetles, parents typically provision their offspring by packing dung fragments into a brood mass. Onthophagus taurus males can be separated into two discrete morphs: Large, "major" males have head horns, whereas "minor" males are hornless. Here we show that a switch in parental provisioning strategies adopted by males coincides with the switch in male morphology. Male provisioning results in the production of heavier brood masses than females will produce alone. However, unlike females in which the level of provisioning increases with body size in a continuous manner, the level of provisioning provided by males represents an "all-or-none" tactic with all major males providing a fixed level of provisioning irrespective of their body size. Offspring size is determined largely by the quantity of dung provided to the developing larvae so that paternal and maternal provisioning affects the body size and horn size of offspring produced. The levels of provisioning by individual parents are significantly repeatable, suggesting paternal and maternal effects as candidate indirect genetic effects in the evolution of horn size in the genus Onthophagus.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-, body-size, brood-mass, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Evolution-and-Adaptation, horn-: size-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, male-, male-p, Onthophagus-taurus [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-): female-},
	author = {Hunt, J. and Simmons, L. W.}
}
@article {1849,
	title = {Various population fluctuation patterns of light-attracted beetles in a tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak},
	journal = {Population Ecology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {97-104},
	abstract = {The population fluctuation pattern of light- attracted beetles was studied from August 1992 to Septem- ber 1998 (for 73 months) using ultraviolet light-traps set at three vertical levels in a tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. During our study, a general flowering occurred from April to July in 1996, and flowering on a small scale in 1997 and 1998. We analyzed the data for eight scarabaeid and six meloid species, some of which were anthophilous species. Various fluctuation patterns were observed among the beetle species in aspects of both seasonality and correlation with the supraannual pheno- logical pattern. Three large chafer species (Scarabaeidae, Melolonthini) showed a clear seasonal fluctuation pattern with a peak once from March to May every year, the peak monthly catch greatly fluctuating annually. Other scara- baeid beetles did not show such a clear seasonal population pattern and hardly fluctuated annually. Populations of an anthophilous scarabaeid species, Parastasia bimaculata, a specific pollinator of Homalomena propinqua (Araceae), hardly fluctuated, probably because of its response to the constant flowering of its floral hosts. Monthly catches of an anthophilous scarabaeid, Anomala sp., and meloid beetles showed clear supraannual patterns in response to the gen- eral flowering and were significantly correlated with the flowering intensity with or without a lag of a month. The fluctuation pattern of meloids suggests a supraannual popu- lation fluctuation pattern of their hosts, i.e., megachilid/ anthophorid bees. },
	keywords = {Borneo, General flowering, light-trap, Meloidae, Population dynamics, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Kato, Makoto and Itioka, Takao and Sakai, Shoko and Momose, Kuniyasu and Yamane, Seiki and Hamid, Abang Abdul and Inoue, Tamiji}
}
@article {1861,
	title = {Conservation strategies for poorly surveyed taxa: a dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) case study from southern Africa},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {45-56},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Koch, S. O> and Chown, S. L. and Davis, A. L. V. and Endrody-Younga, S. and Van Jaarsveld, A. S.}
}
@article {1875,
	title = {The fossil record of Mesozoic and Tertiary Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)},
	journal = {Invertebrate Taxonomy},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {871-905},
	abstract = {Lack of characters, similarity of stem species of adelphotaxa and the necessity to know the extant world fauna of the studied group of fossils are the main difficulties in palaeontology of beetles. The paucity of characters of most of the fossils of supposed Scarabaeoidea prevents their inclusion in a reliable phylogenetic analysis. Only rarely can an autapomorphy of Scarabaeoidea be seen in a fossil classified as a member of this group. Therefore, the classification of Mesozoic and Tertiary fossils is often tentative. Based on a critical literature review of all recorded fossil Scarabaeoidea from the Mesozoic and Tertiary, the minimum age for families and/or subfamilies of this group is determined. An annotated catalogue of named fossils and ichnofossils of Scarabaeoidea and of their lagerstätten is given. 238 fossil species and subspecies of this group have been described, of which 27 are doubtful, eight already identified as belonging to other taxa, and two subspecies synonymised with extant taxa. 189 species and 12 ichnospecies probably or reliably belong to the Scarabaeoidea. Nomenclatural acts: Hongscarabaeus, nom. nov. for ProscarabaeusHong, 1982 (nec Schrank, 1781); Onthophagus urusheeri, nom. nov. for Onthophagus urusHeer, 1847 (nec Ménétries, 1832); Aphodius anteactus, nom. nov. for Aphodius antiquus Heer, 1847 (nec Faldermann, 1835); Aphodius theobaldi, nom. nov. for Aphodius incertusThéobald, 1937 (nec Ballion, 1878); Anomala palaeobrunnea, nom. nov. for Anomala brunnea(Hong, 1985) (nec Klug, 1855); Eophyllocerus scrobiculatus Haupt, 1950 is designated as the type species of Eophyllocerus Haupt, 1950; CangabolaLengerken, 1955 is a junior synonym of CoprinisphaeraSauer, 1955. },
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
@article {1885,
	title = {Impact factors aren{\textquoteright}t relevant to taxonomy},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {405},
	number = {6786},
	year = {2000},
	note = {321HFNATURE},
	month = {Jun 1},
	pages = {507-508},
	keywords = {dung beetles tropical forest ecology},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000087449500016},
	author = {Krell, F. T.}
}
@article {1921,
	title = {Species diversity and composition of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) assemblages in North America},
	journal = {Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {132},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {307-321},
	abstract = {Data from 18 studies carried out on dung beetles from temperate North America (north of 25degree latitude) are compared to verify the existence of some geographical pattern in the variation of three parameters: (1) species number, (2) taxonomic composition, and (3) number of introduced species. Southern localities are characterized by a larger number of species and a significantly higher number of scarabaeine species than northern localities (only southern communities located inside the Chihuahuan desert do not conform to this pattern). To explain the latitudinal pattern in faunistic composition and number of species, historical factors are postulated. Foreign species of the tribe Aphodiini seem to be more frequent in the northern localities where more aphodiine native species occur. In contrast, foreign species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are not more frequent in the southern localities with a greater number of native scarabaeine species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the more diverse assemblages of native dung beetle are more resistant to invasion by foreign species.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, biological-invasions, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetles (Coleoptera-), Insects-, introduced-species, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, North-America (Nearctic-region), species-diversity, taxonom},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1928,
	title = {Biogeographical and ecological factors affecting the altitudinal variation of mountainous communities of coprophagous beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea): a comparative study},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {93},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {359UZANN ENTOMOL SOC AMER},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {115-126},
	abstract = {The altitudinal variation in the richness and composition of communities of co-prophagous beetles in a mountainous landscape in Mexico is analyzed and the results obtained are compared with those of similar studies carried out in other parts of the world. Two nonexclusive processes are proposed as responsible for the assemblage of mountain fauna: horizontal colonization by elements originating from lineages distributed at higher latitudes and vertical colonization by lineages distributed at the same latitude but at different altitudes. The current analysis supports the hypothesis that when the horizontal colonization dominates, mountain faunas show a clear altitudinal substitution between large taxa with different evolutionary histories (e.g., Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae) and the gradient of reduction in species richness is attenuated. This occurs in mountains of different continents and depends primarily on the degree of isolation and general orientation of thr mountain ranges. Conversely, when vertical colonization dominates, mountain faunas show only slight altitudinal substitution, and the reduction in richness is greater.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000089631600016},
	author = {Lobo, J. M. and Halffter, G}
}
@article {1969,
	title = {Especies de Scarabaeidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) coletadas em fezes bovinas e carcaca de suinos em Itumbiara, Goias, Brasil},
	journal = {Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical},
	volume = {30},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	month = {jul/dec},
	pages = {1-4},
	abstract = {The study of the Scarabaiedae associated with cattle dung pats and with pig carcass in the region of Itumbiara, Goiás, Brazil. Twenty samples of bovine dung were taken at random, each month, from pats eight days old, placed in plastic containers and taken to the laboratory. Pig carcass Sus sp. was selected as bait. Two baits were exposed to the enviroment conditions in two different places: pasture and forest area, the former in the presence of sunlight and the latter in absence of it. Scarabaiedae were extracted using Berlese funnel. The most frequent species were: Ataenius aequalis (cattle dung) and Trichillum externepunctatum (pig carcass).},
	keywords = {brazil, COLEOPTERA, decomposition, Insecta, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Marchiori, Carlos Enrique}
}
@mastersthesis {1973,
	title = {Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius) su importancia en el control de Haematobia irritans (Linneus) en campos de la cuenca del r{\'\i}o Salado},
	volume = {Msc},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital},
	school = {Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Cátedra de Zoología. },
	type = {Tesis de la Maestría en control de plagas y su impacto ambiental},
	address = {Buenas Aires},
	keywords = {control, dung beetle, ecological economics, ecological function, ecosystem service, flies, Neotropics},
	author = {Mariategui, P. G}
}
@article {1612,
	title = {Dung and carrion beetles of the rain forest of French Guiana: composition and structure of the guild},
	journal = {Annales De La Societe Entomologique De France},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 60Cited References:      ANDRESEN E, 1999, BIOTROPICA, V31, P145     ANDRESEN E, 1994, THESIS FRUGIVORY PRI     BALTHASAR V, 1963, MONOGRAPHIE SCARABAE, V1     BONGERS F, 2000, BIOL MONOGRAPH SERIE     BRYAN RP, 1976, AUSTR J AGR RES, V27, P567     CAMBEFORT Y, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P17     CAMBEFORT Y, 1982, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V18, P433     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P156     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P198     CAMBEFORT Y, 1985, REV FRANCAISE ENTOMO, V7, P337     CASWELL H, 1976, ECOL MONOGR, V46, P327     DADDA AA, 1998, NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES, V6, P111     DAJOZ R, 1994, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V30, P159     DAVIS AJ, 1993, THESIS U LEEDS RU     DUBOST G, 1987, MAMMALIA, V51, P415     ESTRADA A, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP, P9     ESTRADA A, 1993, J TROP ECOL, V9, P45     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FEER F, 1999, J TROP ECOL 2, V15, P129     FINCHER GT, 1973, J PARASITOL, V59, P396     FISCHER RA, 1943, THEORETICAL POPULATI, V7, P197     GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211     GLANZ WE, 1990, 4 NEOTROPICAL RAINFO, P287     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT, V27, P15     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HALFFTER G, 1991, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V82, P195     HALFFTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HALFFTER G, 1980, QUAEST ENTOMOL, V16, P599     HANSKI I, 1983, ACTA ZOOL FENN, V167, P1     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P5     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P283     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P303     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P330     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P350     HANSKI I, 1982, OIKOS, V38, P210     HANSKI I, 1989, TROPICAL RAIN FOREST, P489     HEINRICH B, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P484     HOWDEN HF, 1975, BIOTROPICA, V7, P77     HOWDEN HF, 1981, CONTRIBUTIONS AM ENT, V18, P1     JANZEN DH, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1887     JANZEN DH, 1982, SCIENCE, V215, P19     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     KOHLMAN B, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P116     LAURANCE WF, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN     LOBO JM, 1988, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V25, P77     LOUZADA JNC, 1997, REV BRASILEIRA ENTOM, V41, P117     LOVEJOY TE, 1990, 4 NEOTROPICAL RAINFO, P60     MAGURRAN AE, 1988, ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY     MCARTHUR RH, 1972, GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY     PECK SB, 1984, BIOTROPICA, V16, P235     PECK SB, 1982, CAN J ZOOL, V60, P1624     PONCY O, 1998, FOREST BIODIVERSITY, P389     SABATIER D, 1990, BOIS FOR TROP, V219, P31     SHEPHERD VE, 1998, J TROP ECOL 2, V14, P199     SIMMEN B, 1998, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V321, P699     TERBORGH J, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN, P256     VOSS RS, 1996, B AM MUS NAT HIST, V230, P1     WALTER P, 1984, B SOC ENTOMOLOGIQUE, V88, P514     WOODRUFF RE, 1973, SCARAB BEETLES FLORI, V8FrenchArticle319LXANN SOC ENTOMOL FR},
	month = {Jan-Mar},
	pages = {29-43},
	abstract = {A guild of neotropical rain forest dung and carrion beetles, has been studied in a locality of undisturbed rain forest in French Guiana. A total of 87 species was captured. Scarabaeidae with 76 species were the most numerous;Aphodiidae and other minor families were rare. Species diversity and equitability were high and showed small variation with seasons. Tunneller species ( 48 species) were larger and more numerous than roller species (18 species) and dwellers. Food preferences, and activity rhythm of species were described.},
	keywords = {alouatta-palliata, COLEOPTERA, communities, ivory-coast, los-tuxtlas, Mexico, monkeys, Scarabaeidae, seed dispersal},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000087344100002},
	author = {Feer, F.}
}
@article {1635,
	title = {Patch size and colonisation patterns: an experimental analysis using north temperate coprophagous dung beetles},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {23},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {315-327},
	abstract = {The relationship between dung pad size and both adult colonisation and larval development was investigated in an assemblage of north temperate dung beetles (Geotrupes, Aphodius and Sphaeridium ) using both dung pads and baited pitfall traps. Wet weight of 22-day-old natural dung pads was found to vary widely in the field ( },
	isbn = {0906-7590},
	author = {Finn, John A. and Giller, Paul S.}
}
@article {1774,
	title = {Particle feeding in Aphodius dung beetles (Scarabaeidae): old hypothesis and new experimental evidence},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {631-637},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, dung beetle, feeding ecology, morphology, Mouthparts},
	author = {Holter, P.}
}
@article {1990,
	title = {African dung beetle Onthophagus gazella Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) esterase isozymes},
	journal = {Brazilian Journal of Biology},
	volume = {61},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {645-650},
	abstract = {African beetles Onthophagus gazella from both sexes were analyzed by electrophoresis for an inves- tigation of esterase isozymes using alpha-naphthyl propionate and methylumbelliferyl propionate as substrates. Only one of the esterases (Est. 6) reacted with one of the substrates (alpha-naphthyl pro- pionate). Six areas of activity were found, two of them being polymorphic (Est. 3 and Est. 4). For presence of Est. 3, 337 individuals were analyzed, including descendants of 32 controlled crossings: two alle- les were identified, whose frequencies are Est. 3A = 0.447 and Est. 3B = 0.553. The population is in equilibrium for this locus (qui-square = 4.18; 0.2 > P > 0.1). For Est. 4, 338 individuals, descendants of 32 controlled crossings, were analysed. In this case, three alleles were identified whose frequencies are: Est. 4A = 0.277; Est. 4B = 0.661; and Est. 4C = 0.062. The population is not in equilibrium for this locus (qui-square = 40.259; p < 0.001). Two esterases were detected only in the pupal stage and another one in larvae. Of the 23 loci analyzed in these insects up to now, 3 are polymorphic (13\%), which indicates very low variability in the population here studied. },
	keywords = {beetle, esterase, isozyme},
	author = {Martins, E. and Contel, E. P. B.}
}
@article {2023,
	title = {The role of Digionthophagus gazella  on pasture cleaning and production as a result of burial of cattle dung},
	journal = {Pasturas Tropicales},
	volume = {22},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {14-19},
	keywords = {brazil, dung beetle, ecological economics, ecological function, ecosystem service, extensive, extention, introduction},
	author = {Miranda, C. H. B. and Santos, J. C. and Bianchin, I.}
}
@article {2034,
	title = {Male horn dimorphism in the scarab beetle, Onthophagus taurus: do alternative reproductive tactics favour alternative phenotypes},
	journal = {Animal Behavior},
	volume = {59},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {459-466},
	abstract = {In a variety of organisms morphological variation is discrete rather than continuous. Discrete variation within a sex has attracted particular interest as it is thought to reflect the existence of alternative adaptations to a heterogeneous selection environment. The beetle Onthophagus taurus shows a dimor- phism for male horns: males that exceed a critical body size develop a pair of long, curved horns on their heads, while smaller males remain hornless. In this study we report on the alternative reproductive tactics used by males with these two morphologies, and present experimental and behavioural data suggesting that these alternative tactics selectively favour discretely different male phenotypes. Horned males aggressively defended tunnel entrances containing breeding females. Fights involved the use of horns, and males with longer horns were more likely to win fights. In contrast, hornless males employed nonaggressive sneaking behaviours when faced with competitively superior males. Sneaking behaviours appeared to require high degrees of manoeuvrability inside tunnels to access and mate with females despite the presence of a guarding male. Comparisons of running performances of males with identical body sizes but different horn lengths suggest that the possession of horns reduces male agility inside tunnels. Thus, horn possession confers a clear advantage to males using fighting behaviours to access females, whereas hornlessness may be favoured in males that rely primarily on sneaking behaviours. Combined, the two alternative reproductive tactics used by male O. taurus appear to favour opposite horn phenotypes, which may explain the paucity of intermediate morphologies in natural populations of O. taurus. },
	author = {Moczek, Armin P. and Emlen, Douglas J.}
}
@article {2107,
	title = {Flutuacao populacional de Coleoptera em plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla no municipio de Tres Marias, Minas Gerais},
	journal = {Floresta e Ambiente},
	volume = {7},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {143-151},
	abstract = {The objective of this research was to study the population fluctuation of Coleoptera species in an Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in the County of Tres Marias, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Five light traps were installed during the night in this plantation once every fifteen days from March 1995 to February 1996. Insectscollected were identified based in the literature and in entomological collections. They were identified at species  (INE) or family (INF) levels.  A total of 23,782 individuals of 99 species of the Coleoptera order was collected, being 13 identified per species and 86 per family, representing 13.13 and 86.87\% of total species collected, respectively. The most abundant species was Cyclocephala sp. (Dynastidae) with 296 individuals. The family with larger number of individuals and of species was Carabidae. Population peaks of Coleoptera species in this area were registered in the months of September and October.},
	keywords = {brazil, COLEOPTERA, Eucalyptus urophylla, Population dynamics},
	author = {Pinto, Rosenilson and Salazar Z. J. , Jose and Marinho F. , Joao Alfredo and Cola Zanuncio, Jose}
}
@article {2115,
	title = {Geometric morphometrics, the metendosternite and its use in phylogenetics of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera)},
	journal = {Elytron},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {125-148},
	abstract = {Results from a geometric morphometric and cladistic analysis of 20 species (including 4 flightless species) of the Scarabaeinae (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) were compared. The metendosternite has largely been neglected in past morphological studies but proved to be very useful because of its easily identifiable landmarks. These landmarks were analyzed in a geometric morphometric analysis, where a Procrustes distance matrix and a dendrogram were produced. A relative warp analysis was also performed on the data and the results of the first two relative warps plotted against one another. The dendrogram clearly distinguished the flightless species from the flighted and it is hypothesized that three lineages of flightless taxa convergently underwent similar alterations in the reduction in metendosternite size. The cladistics study utilized 200 internal and external morphological characters, including 20 based on the metendosternite. Comparison of the cladogram with the dendrogram indicates that geometric morphometrics is a useful technique to hypothesize relationships, especially with structures that may be difficult to interpret in a cladistic analysis. },
	keywords = {cladistic analysis, COLEOPTERA, geometric morphometrics, landmark data, metendosternite, Procrustes distance., relative warp, Scarabaeinae},
	isbn = {0214-1353},
	author = {Pretorius, Resia and Philips, T. Keith and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {2155,
	title = {Effect of elevation and type of habitat on the abundance and diversity of Scarabaeoid dung beetle (Scarabaeoidea) assemblages in a Mediterranean area from Southern Iberian Peninsula},
	journal = {Zoological Studies},
	volume = {39},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 42Cited References:      ANDERSON JM, 1974, OECOLOGIA BERLIN, V14, P111     AVILA JM, 1988, ACT 3 C IB ENT, P715     BEGON M, 1986, ECOLOGY INDIVIDUALS     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P36     CODY ML, 1993, SPECIES DIVERSITY EC, P147     COLWELL RK, 1994, AM NAT, V144, P570     COLWELL RK, 1997, ESTIMATES STAT STIMU     DELLACASA G, 1983, MUS REG SCI NAT MONO, V1, P1     DESIERE M, 1987, THESIS U LIEJA BELGI     GASTON KJ, 1996, BIODIVERSITY BIOL NU, P77     GILLER PS, 1994, J ANIM ECOL, V63, P629     GOMEZMERCADO F, 1988, MAPA VEGETACION SIER     HALFFTER G, 1998, BIOL INT, V36, P3     HANSKI I, 1987, 26 S BRIT EC SOC, P155     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P375     KOSKELA H, 1977, ANN ZOOL FENN, V14, P204     KOSKELA H, 1972, ANN ZOOL FENN, V9, P156     LANDIN J, 1967, OPUSC ENTOMOL, V32, P207     LAWTON JH, 1987, J ANIM ECOL, V56, P147     LOBO JM, 1991, ELYTRON, V5, P257     LOBO JM, 1998, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V42, P252     LOBO JM, 1988, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V25, P77     LUMARET JP, 1983, B SOC ENTOMOL FR, V88, P481     MACARTHUR RH, 1972, GEGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY     MAGURRAN AE, 1988, ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY     MARTINPIERA F, 1984, EOS, V60, P101     MCCOY ED, 1990, OIKOS, V58, P313     MEDINA J, 1992, JUNTA ANDALUCIA, P18     MENENDEZ R, 1996, ECOGRAPHY, V19, P313     MOHR CO, 1943, ECOL MONOGR, V13, P275     MUNOZ A, 1992, JUNTA ANDALUCIA, P84     POTVIN C, 1993, ECOLOGY, V74, P1617     RAHBEK C, 1995, ECOGRAPHY, V18, P200     RIDSDILLSMITH J, 1991, REPROD BEHAV INSECTS, P264     ROMEROALCARAZ E, 1998, ZOOL BAETICA, V9, P47     SANCHEZPINERO F, 1991, EOS REV ESP ENTOMOL, V67, P23     SANDOVAL P, 1991, B MUS REG SCI NAT TO, V9, P375     SHANNON CE, 1949, MATH THEORY COMMUNIC     SOWIG P, 1994, ZOOL JB SYST, V121, P171     STEVENS GC, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P893     VEIGA CM, 1989, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V26, P91     WIENS JA, 1981, ECOL MONOGR, V51, P21EnglishArticle381TXZOOL STUD},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {351-359},
	abstract = {Elevation and habitat type are often important factors influencing insect communities. We used dung-baited pitfall traps to test the effect of both elevation and habitat type on scarabaeoid dung beetle communities in Sierra de Baza (southeastern Iberian Peninsula). Habitat selection of species and variations of diversity in the assemblages according to habitat type and elevation were quantified. Both abundance and diversity were positively correlated with elevation, and habitat type was also relevant in structuring the assemblage. Similarities among assemblages in different biotopes were generally low, especially between closed habitats and open habitats, the latter showing higher abundance and diversity. Most species were less abundant in closed habitats, but some generalist species showed no habitat selection. We conclude that, although open habitats appear more adequate for dung beetles, the existence of different patterns within the assemblage probably reflects the importance of maintaining a high landscape heterogeneity in order to preserve dung beetle biodiversity.},
	keywords = {altitude, Aphodiidae, baited pitfall traps, col communities, dung beetle biodiversity, effect, elevational, gradients, habitat selection, Scarabaeidae, species richness},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000165780500009},
	author = {Romero-Alcaraz, E. and Avila, J. M.}
}
@article {2160,
	title = {Dung beetle movements at two spatial scales},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {91},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 23Cited Reference Count: 75Cited References:      1996, RURAL BUSINESS REGIS     BAGUETTE M, 1994, ECOL ENTOMOL, V19, P1     BALTHASAR V, 1963, MONOGRAPHIE SCARABAE     BELL WJ, 1991, SEARCHING BEHAV     BISTROM O, 1991, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V2, P53     BROMMER JE, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P125     CHATFIELD C, 1980, INTRO MULTIVARIATE A     CLARK JS, 1998, BIOSCIENCE, V48, P13     DOBZHANSKY T, 1943, GENETICS, V28, P304     FERRANDINO FJ, 1993, PHYTOPATHOLOGY, V83, P795     FITT BDL, 1987, J PHYTOPATHOL, V118, P227     FRAMPTON VL, 1942, PHYTOPATHOLOGY, V32, P799     GARNER FH, 1944, CATTLE BRITAIN     GITTINGS T, 1994, THESIS NATL U IRELAN     GITTINGS T, 1997, ECOGRAPHY, V20, P55     GREGORY PH, 1968, ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL, V6, P189     GYLLENBERG M, 1997, METAPOPULATION BIOL, P93     HANSKI I, 1977, OECOLOGIA, V28, P203     HANSKI I, 1980, ANIM BEHAV, V28, P953     HANSKI I, 1980, ANN ZOOL FENN, V17, P11     HANSKI I, 1980, ANN ZOOL FENN, V17, P17     HANSKI I, 1980, OIKOS, V34, P293     HANSKI I, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P171     HANSKI I, 1987, NUTR ECOLOGY INSECTS, P837     HANSKI I, 1990, LIVING PATCHY ENV, P127     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HANSKI I, 1994, BIOL CONSERV, V68, P167     HANSKI I, 1994, ECOLOGY, V75, P747     HANSKI I, 1994, J ANIM ECOL, V63, P151     HANSKI I, 1997, METAPOPULATION BIOL, P5     HANSKI I, 1999, METAPOPULATION ECOLO     HARRISON S, 1988, AM NAT, V132, P360     HARRISON S, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1236     HARRISON S, 1991, BIOL J LINN SOC, V42, P73     HARRISON S, 1994, LARGE SCALE ECOLOGY, P111     HARRISON S, 1997, METAPOPULATION BIOL, P27     HILL JK, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P725     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOSMER DW, 1989, APPL LOGISTIC REGRES     HOWE HF, 1986, PLANT ECOL, P185     IBRAHIM KM, 1996, HEREDITY 3, V77, P282     JOHNSON ML, 1990, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V21, P449     KIYOSAWA S, 1972, ANN PHYTOPATHOL SOC, V38, P41     KOSKELA H, 1977, ANN ZOOL FENN, V14, P204     KOSKLELA, 1979, OIKOS, V33, P419     KOT M, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P2027     KUUSSAARI M, 1996, J ANIM ECOL, V65, P791     LANDIN BO, 1961, OPUSC ENTOMOL LUND S, V19, P1     LEWIS MA, 1997, SPATIAL ECOLOGY ROLE, P46     LUMARET PJ, 1990, ATLAS COLEOPTERES SC     MATTER SF, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V105, P447     MOLLISON D, 1977, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V39, P283     NEVE G, 1996, J APPL ECOL, V33, P14     NICHOLS RA, 1994, HEREDITY, V72, P312     NIEMINEN M, 1996, OECOLOGIA, V108, P643     NIEMINEN M, 1998, J ANIM ECOL, V67, P149     NIEMINEN M, 1999, ECOGRAPHY, V22, P697     NILSSON T, 1997, ACTA U UPS ABSTR UPP, P311     NILSSON T, 1997, ECOL ENTOMOL, V22, P82     OTRONEN M, 1983, J ANIM ECOL, V52, P663     RAINIO M, 1966, ANN ZOOL FENN, V3, P88     ROFF D, 1977, J ANIM ECOL, V46, P443     ROSLIN T, 1999, THESIS U HELSINSKI     SILFVERBERG H, 1992, ENUMERATIO COLEOPTEO     SOUTHWOOD TRE, 1962, BIOL REV, V37, P171     STACEY PB, 1997, METAPOPULATION BIOL, P267     SUTCLIFFE OL, 1997, OECOLOGIA, V109, P229     TAYLOR RAJ, 1978, ECOL ENTOMOL, V3, P63     THOMAS CD, 1997, METAPOPULATION BIOL, P359     TURCHIN P, 1998, QUANTITATIVE ANAL MO     UNRUH TR, 1993, CAN ENTOMOL, V125, P55     WAHLBERG N, 1996, SCIENCE, V273, P1536     WHITE E, 1960, ENTOMOL MON MAG, V96, P25     WHITLOCK MC, 1992, AM NAT, V139, P952EnglishArticleOIKOS385RQ},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {323-335},
	abstract = {To understand the dynamics of spatially structured populations, we need to know the level of movements at different spatial scales. This paper reports on Aphodius dung beetle movements at two scales: movements between dung pats within pastures, and movements between pastures. First, I test an assumption common to many recent models of spatially structured populations - that the probability of an individual moving between habitat patches decreases exponentially with distance. For dung beetles, I find sufficient evidence to reject this assumption. The distribution of dispersal distances was clearly leptokurtic, with more individuals moving short and long distances than expected on the basis of an exponential function. In contrast, the data were well described by a power function. I conclude that dung beetle movements include an element of non-randomness not captured by the simplistic exponential model. The power function offers a promising alternative, but the actual mechanisms behind the pattern need to be clarified. Second, I compare several species of Aphodius to each other. Although these species occur in the same network of habitat patches, their movement patterns are different enough to result in a mixture of different spatial population structures. Movements between pastures were more frequent the larger the species, the more specific its occurrence in relation to pat age, and the more specialized it is on cow dung and open pasture habitats. Within pastures, all species form "patchy" populations, with much movement among individual pats.},
	keywords = {APHODIUS SCARABAEIDAE, butterfly, colonization, euphydryas-editha-bayensis, long-distance dispersal, melitaea-cinxia, metapopulation structure, migration, patch size, proclossiana-eunomia lepidoptera, resource utilization},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000166017800013},
	author = {Roslin, T.}
}
@article {2254,
	title = {Reliance on the citation index undermines the study of biodiversity},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {403},
	number = {6771},
	year = {2000},
	note = {286BENATURE},
	month = {Feb 17},
	pages = {698-698},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000085423100016},
	author = {Valdecasas, A. G. and Castroviejo, S. and Marcus, L. F.}
}
@article {2260,
	title = {Estado atual do conhecimento dos Scarabaeidae s. str. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) do Brasil},
	journal = {m3m: Monografias Tercer Milenio},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {183-195},
	abstract = {Beetles of the family Scarabaeidae are important as decomposers, natural enemies of coprobiont pests and biodiversity indicators. The aim of this work is to determine the present degre of taxonomic and faunistic knowledge of Brazilian species in this group. Between 1926 and 1998, 62 papers dealing with Brazilian Scarabaeidae Systematics have been published by 12 Brazilian researchers. Thirteen local or regional faunal lists have been published between 1875 and 1999. There are by now two Brazilian researchers publishing on the Systematics of Brazilian Scarabaeidae s. str. 618 species are cited as occurring in Brazil, 223 endemic to this country. Just five genera, out of the 49 occurring in Brazil, have been reviewed made in the last two decades. The study of a big collection showed 768 Brazilian species of Scarabaeidae, 41\% identified to the species level, 8\% new and the others unidentifiable without examining types or reviewing genera. Similar proportions have been found in unpublished data from 25 faunal listings in eight states. We conclude that the main limitations of the study of this group in Brazil are the many undersampled areas and the low number of researchers working on the Taxonomy of this group. The Appendix presents a preliminary list of species known to occur in Brazil. },
	keywords = {Brasil, Diagnostic, Dung beetles, Faunistics, Scarabaeidae, taxonomy},
	author = {Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.}
}
@article {2271,
	title = {Conservation strategy of a nature reserve in Mediterranean ecosystems: the effects of protection from grazing on biodiversity},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2000},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {1707-1721},
	keywords = {Dung beetles, endemicity, endemism, impact, invertebrate conservation mammals, Management, vascular plants},
	author = {Verdu, Jose and Crespo, Manuel and Galante, E.}
}
@article {2293,
	title = {Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Monkeys, and Conservation in Amazonia},
	journal = {Florida Entomologist},
	volume = {83},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {229-241},
	keywords = {Amazon, brazil, Dung beetles, monkeys, primates, Scarabaeidae, seed dispersal},
	author = {Vulinec, K.}
}
@article {2328,
	title = {Poachers alter mammal abundance, seed dispersal and seed predation in a Neotropical forest},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {227-239},
	keywords = {bushmeat, mammals, Neotropics, NO dung beetles mammals, poaching, seed dispersal, seed predation},
	author = {Wright, Josep. S and Zeballos, Horacio and Dominguez, Ivan and Gallardo, Marina M and Moreno, Marta C and Ibanez, Roberto}
}
@article {1294,
	title = {Besouros Coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Coletados em Aquidauana, MS, Brasil},
	journal = {An. Sociedad Entomologica Brasil},
	volume = {29},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {817-820},
	keywords = {Dung beetles, Dung pats, Insecta},
	author = {Aidar, Themis and Koller, Wilson W. and Rodrigues, Sergio R. and Correa, Agenor M. and da Silva, Joao C. C. and Balta, Orico dos S. and de Oliveira, Jovelina M. and de Oliveira, Vera L.}
}
