@article {1855,
	title = {The effect of the dung pad fauna on the emergence of Musca tempestiva (Dipt.: Muscidae) from dung pads in southern France},
	journal = {Entomophaga},
	volume = {37},
	number = {4},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Article-English disease ecology, parasite transmission, scarbaeinae, ecological function},
	month = {1992},
	pages = {507-514},
	abstract = {The emergence of Musca tempestiva Fallen, from cow pads in southern France was reduced by a mean of 98\% and 96\% respectively in nine experiments concluded in 1979 and 1981, by the action of the complete dung fauna. Fauna emerging from dung pads and captured in simultaneous trapping using dung baited pitfall traps consisted of 13 Dipterous species (9 Muscidae, 2-Sepsidae and 2 Sphaeroceridae), 25-Coleopterous species (7 Scarabaeidae, 1 Geotrupidae, 2 Aphodiidae, 3 Hydrophilidae, 12 Staphylinidae), 3 Hymenopterous parasites and 1 species of macrochelid and 2 species of parasitoid mites carried phoretically by the dung beetles. The total number of insects and mites per trap was usually small. The Staphylinidae which included 4 Aleochara species of which Aleochara tristits Gravenhorst and A. bipustulata (L.) are known parasitoids of Diptera pupae, and 6 predatory species, were the most abundant insects present. Whilst the overall abundance of insects and mites trapped was relatively low it is probable that the most important factor in the control of M. tempestiva was the combined influence of the different elements making up the dung pad fauna.},
	keywords = {Acarina-: Chelicerata-, Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Development-, Diptera-: Insecta-, Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Economic-Entomology, Invertebrata-, Parasitology-, Physiology-},
	author = {Kirk, A. A.}
}
@article {1871,
	title = {Effects of Macrocheles mites on longevity of males of the dimorphic dung beetle Onthophagus binodis},
	journal = {Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {254},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {441-445},
	abstract = {In this study we tested the nature of the phoretic relationship between the cosmopolitan mite Macrocheles merdarius and the dimorphic dung beetle Onthophagus binodis. We observed and experimentally manipulated the number of mites on individual beetles and tested how mite infestation affects male longevity. There was a significant effect of mites on male longevity: males in our mites-added treatment died on average 15 days earlier than males in our mites-removed treatment. Interestingly, the number of mites on males was significantly repeatable suggesting that individuals may differ in their susceptibility to infestation. Major males had more mites on them than minor males, and the proportion of mites on minor males was negatively density dependent.},
	keywords = {Acarina-: Chelicerata-, Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Behavior-, Cheli, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Invertebrata-, Macrocheles-merdarius (Acarina-), Onthophagus-binodis (Coleoptera-): male-, Parasitology-},
	author = {Kotiaho, Janne S. and Simmons, Leigh W.}
}
