@article {1922,
	title = {Decline of roller dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) populations in the Iberian peninsula during the 20th century},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {97},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {43-50},
	abstract = {A historical compilation of data on roller dung beetle occurrence in the Iberian peninsula was examined for temporal changes between the first and second half of the 20th century. Analysis of changes in the relative frequency of database records, individuals and 10-km UTM cells where the beetles occurred showed a decline in the occurrence of nine of the eleven species. A comparison of latitudinal and longitudinal mid-points of the 10-km UTM cells where each species occurs indicated that the range of most roller dung beetles in the Iberian peninsula has also contracted. Before 1950 a significant, positive and curvilinear relationship was found between the number of roller dung beetles and the area of coastal environments (sea, dunes, beaches and marshes); while in the second half of the 20th century the number of "roller" species is positively correlated with artificial pastureland and scrub areas. It is suggested that urban development of the coastal zones for tourism since 1950 has probably contributed greatly to the disappearance of many roller populations. It is recommended that some of the more affected species of roller dung beetles should be considered for inclusion among protected invertebrates.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Iberian-Peninsula (Europe-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Palearctic, Population-Studies, roller-dung-beetle (Coleoptera-): Scarabaeinae-, Wildlife-Management (Conservation-)},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1924,
	title = {An intercontinental comparison of dung beetle diversity between two mediterranean-climatic regions: Local versus regional and historical influences},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {5},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {91-103},
	abstract = {The species richness of biological communities is influenced by both local ecological, regional ecological, and historical factors. The relative importance of these factors may be deduced by comparison between communities in climatically and ecologically equivalent, but geographically and historically separate regions of the world. This claim is based on the hypothesis that community processes driven by similar local ecological factors lead to convergence in species richness whereas those driven by differing regional or historical factors lead to divergence. An intercontinental comparison between the winter rainfall regions of South Africa and the Iberian Peninsula showed that overall species richness of dung beetles was dissimilar at local, subregional and regional scales in Scarabaeidae s. str. but similar at all scales in Aphodiinae. Removal of species widespread in the summer rainfall region of Africa or the temperate region of Europe (regional component) resulted in dissimilarit y in species richness of mediterranean endemics at all scales in both dung beetle taxa. However, the lines joining each set of species richness values were parallel which may indicate similarities in processes between different mediterranean climatic regions despite slight differences in latitudinal range. The dominant pattern of dissimilarity or non-convergence may be related primarily to intercontinental differences in regional biogeographical and evolutionary history (faunal dispersal, glaciation effects in relation to geographical barriers to dispersal, speciation history, long-term disturbance history). The limited pattern of similarity or convergence in overall species richness of Aphodiinae may be a chance result or primarily related to intercontinental similarities in local ecological factors.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Aphodiinae- (Coleoptera-), Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-), Iberian-Peninsula (Europe-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Population-Studies, Scarabaeidae- (Coleoptera-)},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Davis, Adrian L. V.}
}
@article {2033,
	title = {Proximate determination of male horn dimorphism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Jan., 1999ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {27-37},
	abstract = {The existence of discrete phenotypic variation within one sex poses interesting questions regarding how such intrasexual polymorphisms are produced and modified during the course of evolution. Approaching these kinds of questions requires insights into the genetic architecture underlying a polymorphism and an understanding of the proximate mechanisms determining phenotype expression. Here we explore the genetic underpinnings and proximate factors influencing the expression of beetle horns - a dramatic sexually selected trait exhibiting intramale dimorphism in many species. Two relatively discrete male morphs are present in natural populations of the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Scarabaeidae, Onthophagini). Males exceeding a critical body size develop a pair of long, curved horns on their heads, while those smaller than this critical body size remain essentially hornless. We present results from laboratory breeding experiments designed to assess the relative importance of inherited and environmental factors as determinants of male morphology. Using father-son regressions, our findings demonstrate that horn length and body size of male progeny are not predicted from paternal morphology. instead, natural variation in an environmental factor, the amount of food available to larvae, determined both the body sizes exhibited by males as adults and the presence or absence of horns. The nonlinear scaling relationship between the body size and horn length of males bred in the laboratory did not differ from the pattern of variation present in natural populations, suggesting that nutritional conditions account for variation in male morphology in natural populations as well. We discuss our results by extending ideas proposed to explain the evolution of conditional expression of alternative phenotypes in physically heterogeneous environments toward incorporating facultative expression of secondary sexual traits. We use this synthesis to begin characterizing the potential origin and subsequent evolution of facultative horn expression in onthophagine beetles.},
	keywords = {allometry-, Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, body-size, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Evolution-and-Adaptation, horn-dimorphism, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, mor, Onthophagus-taurus [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-): male-, Population-Studies},
	author = {Moczek, A. P. and Emlen, D. J.}
}
@article {2048,
	title = {Nesting and life-cycle of Sulcophanaeus menelas (Laporte, 1840) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Elytron Barcelona},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1996},
	note = {1996ArticleSpanish; Non English},
	pages = {11-22},
	abstract = {Sulcophanaeus menelas is a common dung beetle in Uruguay. Its life cycle and nesting behaviour are determined in the laboratory. Morphological descriptions of the larvae and the pupae are also included.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, larva-, life-cycle, Neotropical-region), Population-Studies, pupae-, Sulcophanaeus-menelas (Coleoptera-): Scarabaeidae-, Uruguay- (South-America},
	author = {Morelli, Enrique and Gonzalez, Vainer Patricia and Canziani, Cecilia}
}
