@article {2229,
	title = {Effects of seed dispersal by three ateline monkey species on seed germination at Tinigua National Park, Colombia},
	journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
	volume = {23},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1187-1204},
	abstract = {We examined the effect of seed ingestion by three ateline primates: woolly monkeys, Lagothrix lagothricha; spider monkeys, Ateles belzebuth; and, red howler, Alouatta seniculus on germination rates and latency periods of seeds of several plant species in Tinigua National Park, Colombia. We collected dispersed seeds from feces and control seeds from the parental trees and washed them for germination trials. For the majority of plants, dispersed seeds germinated as well or better than control seeds did. Although spider monkeys depend more heavily on fruits than the other monkey species do, they were not more efficient than howlers or woolly monkeys at improving germination rates. A considerable proportion of the seeds dispersed by howlers and woolly monkeys showed reduced latency periods to germination, but spider monkeys showed less effect on reducing germination time. This result may be related to longer gut retention times, but such a trend has not been observed in other primate species. We conclude that, like many other primates, ateline monkeys are effective seed dispersers in terms of their effects on the seeds they swallow because they rarely decrease their germination rates. We discuss problems that make interspecific comparisons difficult, such as inappropriate control seeds and differences associated with germination substrates, and we stress the importance of studying other components of seed dispersal effectiveness.},
	keywords = {Alouatta, alouatta-palliata, Ateles belzebuth, Dung beetles, ecology, feeding, french-guiana, fruit, germination rate, Lagothrix lagothricha, LAGOTHRIX-LAGOTRICHA, latency period, los-tuxtlas, primates, seed dispersal, seniculus, TRE, tropical rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179360100003 },
	author = {Stevenson, P. R. and Castellanos, M. C. and Pizarro, J. C. and Garavito, M.}
}
@article {2296,
	title = {Primate and dung beetle communities in secondary growth rain forests: implications for conservation of seed dispersal systems},
	journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {855-879},
	edition = {june},
	abstract = {Conservation efforts are often aimed at one or a few species. However, habi- tat sustainability relies on ecological interactions among species, such as seed dispersal. Thus, a community-scale conservation strategy may be more valuable in some settings. We describe communities of primary (primates) and secondary (dung beetles) seed dispersers from 5 sites in the Brazilian Amazon. We estimate community biomass of these taxa and, using multivari- ate ordination, examine the potential for natural reforestation at each site, given the communities of seed dispersers present. Since disturbed habitat is increasingly common and increasingly the focus of conservation efforts, we also examine differences among seed disperser communities between primary forest and secondary growth at each site. Analyses of faunal biomass in dif- ferent localities and habitats indicate that secondary growth receives nearly as much use by primates as primary forest; given the dominant groups of dung beetles in secondary growth, disturbed habitat should show a pattern of seed burial that is clumped and deep. Areas with high biomass of Alouatta spp. and the large nocturnal dung beetle species may have the greatest potential for natural reforestation of secondary growth particularly for large seeded species. The data suggest that knowledge of the biomass of primary and sec- ondary dispersing fauna facilitates predictions for the likelihood of disturbed habitat to regenerate and comparisons of sites in broader geographical areas e.g., Neotropical vs. Paleotropical forests.},
	keywords = {community ecology, Dung beetles, primates, rain forest regeneration, secondary forest., seed dispersal},
	author = {Vulinec, Kevina and Lambert, Joanna E. and Mellow, David J.}
}
