@article {1304,
	title = {How localized are the distributions of Australian scarabs (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)?},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {143-149},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, Australia, Dynastinae, endemic, Geotrupidae, Localized species distributions, relictual, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Allsopp, P. G.}
}
@article {1410,
	title = {Determinant variables of Iberian Peninsula Aphodiinae diversity (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Aphodiidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1021-1043},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, climatic variables, diversity patterns, Dung beetles, environmental factors, historic factors, Iberian Peninsula, spatial structure},
	author = {Cabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1483,
	title = {Alpha-diversity patterns of dung beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae) in the winter rainfall region of South Africa},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {1},
	number = {1},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {67-80},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, COLEOPTERA, diversity models, histeridae, hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, staphylinidae},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1488,
	title = {Associations of afrotropical Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae: Aphodiidae: Staphylinidae: Hydrophilidae: Histeridae) with dung and decaying matter: implications for selection of fly-control agents for Australia},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {383-399},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, decaying matter, Dung, fly-control, histeridae, hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, staphylinidae},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1493,
	title = {Habitat associations in a South African, summer rainfall, dung beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae)},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {40},
	number = {3},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {260-280},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, community, Dung, habitat, histeridae, hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, staphylinidae},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1575,
	title = {Composition and Structure of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) assemblages in mountain grasslands of the Southern Alps},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {97},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	month = {July},
	pages = {701-709},
	abstract = {This study attempts to estimate the in{\ss}uence of local environmental conditions on dung beetle assemblages in a bioclimatic transition area. Dung beetle assemblages were monitored by monthly dung-baited pitfall trapping from July to October at {\TH}ve sites in the Southern Alps (Verdon Valley). The sites were characterized by both elevation (},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, bioclimatic transition, Coprinae, European mountain, Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Errouissi, Faiek and Jay-Robert, Pierre and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Piau, Olivier}
}
@article {1579,
	title = {Space and time distribution along a succesional gradient of coprofagous coleopterans (Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae) in a tropical montane forest, Narino Colombia},
	journal = {Revista De Biologia Tropical},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 39Cited References:      AMAT G, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P191     ANDRADE IG, 1992, BIODIVERSIDAD CONSER, P9     BREYTENBACH W, 1986, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V49, P359     CAVALIER J, 1991, BOSQUES NIEBLA COLOM, P69     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     ELLIOT JM, 1977, SOME METHODS STAT AN     EMLEN DJ, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P567     ESCOBAR F, 1999, 4 REUN LAT AM SCAR V, P135     ESCOBAR F, 2000, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V79, P103     ESCOBAR F, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P419     ESCOBAR F, 1994, THESIS U VALLE CALI     ESPINAL S, 1977, ZONAS VIDA FORMACION, V13     ESTRADA A, 1993, J TROP ECOL, V9, P45     FAVILA ME, 1997, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V72, P1     FAVILA ME, 1993, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V5, P319     FAVILA ME, 1988, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEX, V75, P117     FINCHER GT, 1973, COL B, V27, P33     FORMAN RTT, 1995, LAND MOSAICS     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLES ECOLOGY, P331     HANSKI I, 1989, ECOSYSTEMS WORLD B, V14, P489     HOBBS RJ, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P324     JANZEN HD, 1982, OIKOS, V33, P274     KATTAN GH, 1996, FOREST PATCHES TROPI, P3     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     LORD JM, 1990, CONSERV BIOL, V4, P197     NEALIS VG, 1977, CAN J ZOOL, V5, P138     ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230     SAUNDERS DA, 1991, CONSERV BIOL, V5, P18     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     SOWIG P, 1996, ECOGRAPHY, V19, P254     SOWIG P, 1995, ECOGRAPHY, V18, P147     STOUFFER PC, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P2429     VANDERHAMMEN T, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, P603     WEINS JA, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P369     WOLDA H, 1988, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V19, P1FrenchArticle450BDREV BIOL TROP},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {961-975},
	abstract = {Dung beetles (Scarabaeinae y Aphodiinae) were used to evaluate the effects of human activities in the area surrounding La Planada Natural Reserve, southwestern Colombia. During 1993 we monitored three habitats: primary and secondary forest, and open fields used for cattle grazing. A total of 55 295 trap / hours, evenly distributed among the three habitat types, captured 9 115 individuals (18 species, 11 general. There were differences in species richness between habitats (F-2,F-9 = 29.88; P < 0.001), an in number of individuals (F-2,F-9 = 36.22; P < 0.001). Collecting sites differed within habitats. Cluster analyses show that species composition differs between habitats with and without tree cover. Open areas act as barriers for movements of forest species. Differences between habitats and collecting sites may reflect high environmental heterogeneity, land use history of the sites or the influence of nearby disturbance. Some of the species found in open fields come from lower elevations and are usually associated with intense human disturbance. The proportion of digging and rolling: species is similar in both primary and secondary forest, nocturnal species are more abundant; in open areas rolling species are absent and the number of diurnal species increases. We found no relationship between rainfall and species richness (r(2) = 0.26; P = 0.41), nor between rainfall and number of individuals collected throughout the year (r(2) = 0.07; P = 0.84). For all species the number of individuals collected decreased during dry season and during the onset of the rainy season.},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, Colombian Andes, consequences, diversity and conservation, Dung beetles, fragmentation, heterogeneity, Scarabaeinae, soil-moisture, spatial, succession gradient},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169720900020},
	author = {Escobar, F. and de Ulloa, P. C.}
}
@article {1585,
	title = {Space and time distribution along a succesional gradient of coprofagous coleopterans (Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae) in a tropical montane forest, Narino Colombia},
	journal = {Revista De Biologia Tropical},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 39Cited References:      AMAT G, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P191     ANDRADE IG, 1992, BIODIVERSIDAD CONSER, P9     BREYTENBACH W, 1986, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V49, P359     CAVALIER J, 1991, BOSQUES NIEBLA COLOM, P69     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     ELLIOT JM, 1977, SOME METHODS STAT AN     EMLEN DJ, 1997, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V264, P567     ESCOBAR F, 1999, 4 REUN LAT AM SCAR V, P135     ESCOBAR F, 2000, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V79, P103     ESCOBAR F, 1997, CALDASIA, V19, P419     ESCOBAR F, 1994, THESIS U VALLE CALI     ESPINAL S, 1977, ZONAS VIDA FORMACION, V13     ESTRADA A, 1993, J TROP ECOL, V9, P45     FAVILA ME, 1997, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V72, P1     FAVILA ME, 1993, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V5, P319     FAVILA ME, 1988, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEX, V75, P117     FINCHER GT, 1973, COL B, V27, P33     FORMAN RTT, 1995, LAND MOSAICS     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLES ECOLOGY, P331     HANSKI I, 1989, ECOSYSTEMS WORLD B, V14, P489     HOBBS RJ, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P324     JANZEN HD, 1982, OIKOS, V33, P274     KATTAN GH, 1996, FOREST PATCHES TROPI, P3     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     LORD JM, 1990, CONSERV BIOL, V4, P197     NEALIS VG, 1977, CAN J ZOOL, V5, P138     ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230     SAUNDERS DA, 1991, CONSERV BIOL, V5, P18     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     SOWIG P, 1996, ECOGRAPHY, V19, P254     SOWIG P, 1995, ECOGRAPHY, V18, P147     STOUFFER PC, 1995, ECOLOGY, V76, P2429     VANDERHAMMEN T, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, P603     WEINS JA, 1993, OIKOS, V66, P369     WOLDA H, 1988, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V19, P1FrenchArticle450BDREV BIOL TROP},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {961-975},
	abstract = {Dung beetles (Scarabaeinae y Aphodiinae) were used to evaluate the effects of human activities in the area surrounding La Planada Natural Reserve, southwestern Colombia. During 1993 we monitored three habitats: primary and secondary forest, and open fields used for cattle grazing. A total of 55 295 trap / hours, evenly distributed among the three habitat types, captured 9 115 individuals (18 species, 11 general. There were differences in species richness between habitats (F-2,F-9 = 29.88; P < 0.001), an in number of individuals (F-2,F-9 = 36.22; P < 0.001). Collecting sites differed within habitats. Cluster analyses show that species composition differs between habitats with and without tree cover. Open areas act as barriers for movements of forest species. Differences between habitats and collecting sites may reflect high environmental heterogeneity, land use history of the sites or the influence of nearby disturbance. Some of the species found in open fields come from lower elevations and are usually associated with intense human disturbance. The proportion of digging and rolling: species is similar in both primary and secondary forest, nocturnal species are more abundant; in open areas rolling species are absent and the number of diurnal species increases. We found no relationship between rainfall and species richness (r(2) = 0.26; P = 0.41), nor between rainfall and number of individuals collected throughout the year (r(2) = 0.07; P = 0.84). For all species the number of individuals collected decreased during dry season and during the onset of the rainy season.},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, Colombian Andes, consequences, diversity and conservation, Dung beetles, fragmentation, heterogeneity, Scarabaeinae, soil-moisture, spatial, succession gradient},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169720900020},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico and de Ulloa, P. C.}
}
@article {1751,
	title = {Structure and Function of the Mandibles of Adult Dung Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology \& Embryology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {1983},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {1-12},
	abstract = {The mouthparts of adult dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) are adapted for manipulation of soft, pasty food{\textemdash}usually the excrement of vertebrates. Nutrients are derived primarily from micro-organisms contained in the food and these must be broken up before ingestion. The mandibles, particularly the molar lobes, are designed to finely grind these particulates; the molae function as a mortar-pestle system, which mills the organic {\textquotedblleft}grist{\textquotedblright} contained in the food by a combination of squeezing and grinding actions. The ability of the molae to finely grind food particles resides primarily in the structure of the molar surface, which consists of a series of ridges bearing rows of submicroscopic scrapers ({\textquotedblleft}tritors{\textquotedblright}). The incisor lobes of the mandibles scrape food from the surfaces of the galeae and lacinae, which bring food into the preoral cavity. The structure of the mouthparts of Canthon pilularius (L.), which is described in detail, is basically the same as that of 10 other species examined. Those of Aphodius and Geotrupes are similar in some respects to those of scarabaeines but are obviously less well specialized for microphagy.Subject-index terms: },
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, dung beetle, feeding actions, feeding ecology, Geotrupinae, Mouthparts, Scarabaeinae},
	isbn = {0020-7322},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1983QH07000001 },
	author = {Hata, K. and Edmonds, W. D.}
}
@article {1790,
	title = {Dung beetle geographic diversity variation along a Western Iberian latitudinal transect (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {93},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {235-243},
	abstract = {To explore the richness and geographic turnover of dung beetle assemblages (Scar- abaeinae and Aphodiinae) inhabiting the Western Iberian peninsula, a latitudinal north{\DH}south transect was carried out in Portuguese territory. Estimators of alpha, beta, and gamma diversities were used, as well as the ratio Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae, which puts into evidence some dung beetle community spatial characteristics. Clustering methods were also used to ascertain relationships between biogeographical Portuguese regions and geographical patterns of species replacement. Although Scarabaeinae appears mainly responsible for overall and regional richness, Aphodiinae richness was rather low everywhere except for the southernmost plot of the transect investigated. The scarcity of Aphodiinae species is re{\ss}ected in the Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae ratio, a score that is, however, clearly biased toward the Aphodiinae in almost all the Iberian Peninsula. For this reason the pairwise turnover in species composition between sites is mainly determined by the variation in Scarabaeinae species. Peaks of },
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, biogeography, Dung beetles, faunistic turnover, Portugal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Hortal-Munoz, J. and Martin-Pierra, Fermin and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1637,
	title = {A review of competition in north temperate dung beetle communities},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2003},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {1-13},
	keywords = {aggregation, Aphodiinae, aphodius, community structure, competition, dung beetle, functional group, niche dynamics, resource limitation},
	author = {Finn, John A. and Gittings, Tom}
}
@article {1774,
	title = {Particle feeding in Aphodius dung beetles (Scarabaeidae): old hypothesis and new experimental evidence},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {631-637},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, dung beetle, feeding ecology, morphology, Mouthparts},
	author = {Holter, P.}
}
@article {2099,
	title = {A new species of Aphodius Illiger (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidea: Aphodiinae) from the central United States},
	journal = {Zootaxa},
	volume = {1185},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {61-68},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, aphodius, COLEOPTERA, new species, Scarabaeidae, United States},
	author = {Paulsen, M. J.}
}
@article {2279,
	title = {Grazing promotes dung beetle diversity in the xeric landscape of a Mexican Biosphere Reserve},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {140},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {308-317},
	abstract = {We analyze the impact of grazing on dung beetle diversity at the Barranca de Metztitla ́ n Biosphere Reserve, a xeric ecosystem in central Mexico with a long history of use by humans. We compared the community structure, as well as the alpha and beta diversity between two cover conditions (open and closed vegetation) that represent the impact of grazing within a habitat, and between habitat types (submountainous and crassicaule scrublands). From 576 samples we collected 75,605 dung beetles belonging to 20 taxa. While mean species richness and diversity were different between habitat types, cumulative spe- cies richness was not. The effects of grazing on vegetation structure influenced the cumu- lative species richness and diversity of dung beetles in the submountainous scrubland, where grazing has created land mosaics of a grassland matrix with scrubland patches. This was not the case in the crassicaule scrubland where the impact of grazing is not as evident. Beta diversity significantly responds to the effects of grazing on habitat conditions. We dis- cuss the ecological factors that may promote these responses by landscape diversity com- ponents. We also identify the species that could act as useful indicators to monitor the effect of land management on biodiversity. Our results indicate cattle farming maintains a diversified land mosaic, and these areas support more diverse dung beetle ensembles than homogeneous areas of closed, shrubby vegetation cover. Thus, controlled grazing activity could certainly favour the conservation of dung beetle biodiversity and improve ecosystem functioning by maintaining dung decomposition rates. },
	keywords = {Alpha and beta diversity, Aphodiinae, Barranca de Metztitlan, indicator species, Land mosaics, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Verdu, Jose R. and Moreno, Claudia E. and Sanchez-Rojas, Gerardo and Numa, Catherine and Galante, Eduardo and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
