@article {1801,
	title = {Nocturnal Perching of Scarabaeine Dung Beetles Coleoptera Scarabaeidae in an Australian Tropical Rain Forest},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {23},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {51-57},
	abstract = {Wongabel, a northeastern Queensland tropical, wet, evergreen forest, contains 22 species of Scarabaeinae dung beetles. Five of these species were observed to perch commonly on leaves at night. Length of the beetle and the height of its perch were recorded for each of 561 specimens. Unlike the New World tropical dung beetle perchers, no clear evidence was found that small species perched closer to the ground than larger species. The evidence gathered, at least for the four most common perchers, supports the hypothesis that perching is one type of foraging strategy. The similarities and differences between the Australian and New World perchers are discussed.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, plant leaf body length perch height foraging strategy new world, Plantae-, Plants-},
	author = {Howden, H. F. and Howden, A. T. and Storey, R. I.}
}
@article {1591,
	title = {Howler Monkeys Alouatta-Palliata Dung Beetles Scarabaeidae and Seed Dispersal Ecological Interactions in the Tropical Rain Forest of Los Tuxtlas Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {459-474},
	abstract = {The dispersal of seeds by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and the activity of dung beetles in modulating the fate of the dispersed seed were studied at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Howlers consumed the fruits of 35 species of plants. The seeds of 28 of these were dispersed by the monkeys. The majority (.gtoreq. 90\%) of the seeds dispersed by monkeys were destroyed by rodents. Rapid relocation and burial of dung by dung beetles resulted in accidental relocation and burial of large number of seeds shortly after deposition. Faecal clumps (20 mg) remained on the ground for an average of only 2.5 h (range 1-3 h). Ball rolling beetles transported balls up to 5.0 m from the site of deposition (range 1-5 m). Burrowing and ball-rolling dung beetles buried seeds at depths ranging from 2.5 to > 12.0 cm. The deeper a seed is buried, the less likely it is to be found and eaten by rodents. Eighty percent of the species used by Alouatta as sources of fruit at Los Tuxtlas benefited by the dispersal and post dispersal service provided by howlers and dung beetles respectively. Seasonality in dung beetles abundance in the forest may influence the number of seeds per species escaping post-dispersal predation during the year. Dung beetles play not only an important ecological role in the recycling of matter and energy in the ecosystem, but also in the process of rain forest regeneration.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Cebidae-: Primates-, Chordata-, Chordates-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Mammalia-, Mammals-, Nonhuman-Mammals, Nonhuman-Primates, Nonhuman-Vertebrat, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {1669,
	title = {Comparison of Spatial Distribution Patterns of Dung-Feeding Scarabs Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Geotrupidae in Wooded and Open Pastureland in the Mediterranean Dehesa Area of the Iberian Peninsula},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {90-97},
	abstract = {The seasonal and spatial distributions of dung-feeding scarabs in an open pastureland and in wooded (holm oak) pastureland in a typical Mediterranean area of the western part of the Iberian Peninsula (Salamanca) were compared. Six pitfall traps baited with bovine dung were placed in each habitat according to a model by J. P. Lumaret. Only beetles in the families Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae were studied because they are the most for 1 yr produced 6,909 specimens. Of the 18 species found, the largest beetles and biomass were concentrated mainly in the wooded habitat, especially in the summer. This constitutes a problem for dung removal because large amounts of dung remain in open pasturelands, possibly resulting in the impoverishment of such areas.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung elimination seasonal distribution trapping, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-},
	author = {Galante, E. and Garcia, Roman M. and Barrera, I. and Galindo, P.}
}
