@article {1552,
	title = {The immature stages of Phanaeus (Coprophanaeus) jasius Oliver and Phanaeus (Metallophanaeus) saphirinus sturm (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {21},
	number = {4},
	year = {1967},
	pages = {97-105},
	author = {Edmonds, W. D.}
}
@article {1751,
	title = {Structure and Function of the Mandibles of Adult Dung Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology \& Embryology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {1983},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {1-12},
	abstract = {The mouthparts of adult dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) are adapted for manipulation of soft, pasty food{\textemdash}usually the excrement of vertebrates. Nutrients are derived primarily from micro-organisms contained in the food and these must be broken up before ingestion. The mandibles, particularly the molar lobes, are designed to finely grind these particulates; the molae function as a mortar-pestle system, which mills the organic {\textquotedblleft}grist{\textquotedblright} contained in the food by a combination of squeezing and grinding actions. The ability of the molae to finely grind food particles resides primarily in the structure of the molar surface, which consists of a series of ridges bearing rows of submicroscopic scrapers ({\textquotedblleft}tritors{\textquotedblright}). The incisor lobes of the mandibles scrape food from the surfaces of the galeae and lacinae, which bring food into the preoral cavity. The structure of the mouthparts of Canthon pilularius (L.), which is described in detail, is basically the same as that of 10 other species examined. Those of Aphodius and Geotrupes are similar in some respects to those of scarabaeines but are obviously less well specialized for microphagy.Subject-index terms: },
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, dung beetle, feeding actions, feeding ecology, Geotrupinae, Mouthparts, Scarabaeinae},
	isbn = {0020-7322},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1983QH07000001 },
	author = {Hata, K. and Edmonds, W. D.}
}
@article {2061,
	title = {New field record for the rare dung beetle, Phanaeus melampus Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {60},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {67-68},
	author = {Navarrete, Dario and Edmonds, W. D.}
}
@article {2295,
	title = {Biological and taxonomic notes on a rare phanaeine dung beetle, Phanaeus alvarengai Arnaud (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {57},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 10Cited References:      ANDRESEN E, 1999, BIOTROPICA, V31, P145     ARNAUD P, 1984, MISCELLANEA ENTOMOLO, V50, P59     ARNAUD P, 2002, COLEOPTERES MONDE, V28     EDMONDS WD, 1994, CONTRIBUTIONS SCI NA, V443     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FORSYTH AB, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P181     NEPSTAD DC, 1991, AMBIO, V20, P248     STONE TA, 1991, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V38, P291     VULINEC K, 2000, FLA ENTOMOL, V83, P229     VULINEC K, 2002, BIOTROPICA, V34, P297EnglishArticleCOLEOPTS BULL722ZQ},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {353-357},
	abstract = {The rare phanaeine dung beetle Phanaeus alvarengai Arnaud 1984 was described from two specimens. Several recent collections of this species are reported here, along with behavioral observations; this new material is a basis for amending earlier descriptions of P. alvarengai. Flight-activity period was recorded as near sunrise for no more than 10 minutes and diet preference appeared to be herbivore dung. Dung-burial behavior was similar to the congeners P. chalcomelas (Perty) and P. cambeforti Arnaud.},
	keywords = {Amazonia, monkeys, rain-forest, seed dispersal},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000185408300016},
	author = {Vulinec, K. and Edmonds, W. D. and Mellow, D. J.}
}
