@article {1312,
	title = {Seed dispersal by monkeys and the fate of dispersed seeds in a Peruvian rain forest},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {31},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {145-158},
	keywords = {Alouatta, Ateles, Dung beetles, secondary dispersal, seed dispersal, seed fate, seed predation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000079672600014},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1314,
	title = {Effects of dung presence, dung amount and secondary dispersal by dung beetles on the fate of Micropholis guyanensis (Sapotaceae) seeds in Central Amazonia},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have copyand digital copy},
	pages = {61-78},
	keywords = {Amazonia, dung beetle, ecosystem services, function, regeneration mammals, seed dispersal, seed fate},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1315,
	title = {Dung beetles in a Central Amazonian rainforest and their ecological role as secondary seed dispersers},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2002},
	note = {have copy and digital copy},
	pages = {257-270},
	keywords = {Amazonia, dung beetle, ecosystem services, function, plant-animal interaction, seed dispersal, seed fate, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1317,
	title = {Effect of forest fragmentation on dung beetle communities and functional consequences for plant regeneration},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2003},
	note = {have a copy and digital version},
	pages = {87-97},
	keywords = {dung beetle, dung removal, Scarabaeinae, seed dispersal},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1412,
	title = {The action of post-dispersal beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on scats of Didelphis spp. (Mammalia: Didelphidae)},
	journal = {Revista de Biologia Tropical},
	volume = {54},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1197-1203},
	abstract = {A two year study of dung beetles and ants acting on scats of two species of opossum (Didelphis spp.) was carried out. Scats were left in the field in order to detect post-dispersal agents. A portion of each scat (30 \%) was examined for seeds in the laboratory. Beetles were recovered from burrows (51 \% of 84 faecal samples left in the field) where they either buried scats of opossums or were attracted, together with ants, to pitfalls (N= 10) baited with opossum scats. Dung beetles were the main post-dispersal agents of seeds found in scats of opossums, rolling the scats away or burying then on the site of deposition. They buried faeces at 4 to 15 cm in depth (N= 22 tunnels). The main dung beetles identified (medium to large size) were Eurysternus (28.7 \% in pitfalls) and Dichotomius (13.7 \%), Coprophanaeus (seen only directly on faeces), besides small-bodied beetles (<10 mm; 57.6 \%). The ant Acromirmex sp. transported some seeds from scats. This species was present in 25.5 \% of all Formicidae samples (pitfall). These post-dispersal agents contribute to avert scat seed predators such as rodents, and to accelerate seed bank formation.},
	keywords = {ants, Dung beetles, marsupials, post dispersal insects, seed dispersal, small mammals.},
	author = {Caceres, Nilton C. and Monteiro-Filho, Emygdio L. A.}
}
@article {1610,
	title = {The role of clumped defecation in the spatial distribution of soil nutrients and the availability of nutrients for plant uptake},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 21Cited References:      ABRAMS MM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1532     ALVAREZ E, 1986, INTERCIENCIA, V11, P325     ANDRESEN E, 2001, J TROP ECOL 1, V17, P61     ANDRESEN E, 2002, BIOTROPICA, V34, P261     BINKLEY D, 1983, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V47, P1050     BRIDGHAM SD, 2001, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V65, P259     COOPERBAND LR, 1994, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V58, P105     ESTRADA A, 1984, AM J PRIMATOL, V6, P77     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FORDE B, 2001, PLANT SOIL, V232, P51     GILBERT KA, 1997, ANIM BEHAV 2, V54, P451     GOWER ST, 1987, BIOTROPICA, V19, P171     HUBER O, 1986, INTERCIENCIA, V11, P301     JULLIOT C, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P239     MILTON K, 1980, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V53, P402     NAGY KA, 1979, OECOLOGIA, V39, P249     OSTERTAG R, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P485     SUBLER S, 1995, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V27, P911     TAN KH, 1996, SOIL SAMPLING PREPAR     TERBORGH J, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1494     VITOUSEK PM, 1986, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V17, P137EnglishArticleJ TROP ECOLPart 1898NL},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {99-102},
	keywords = {Alouatta seniculus, anion-exchange, clumped defecation, Dung beetles, howler monkeys, Lake Guri, latrine, los-tuxtlas, membranes, monkeys alouatta-palliata, nutrient cycling, phosphorus, seed dispersal, tropical rain-forest, Venezuela, wild howler monkeys},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000227083400011},
	author = {Feeley, K.}
}
@article {1611,
	title = {Effects of Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae) on Seeds Dispersed by Howler Monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in the French Guianan Rain Forest},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {TY  - JOURM1  - Article type: Full Length Article / Full publication date: Mar., 1999 (199903). / Copyright 1999 Cambridge University Press},
	month = {1999/03},
	pages = {129-142},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	abstract = {The dispersal of seeds by howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) and the role of dung beetles in determining the fate of the dispersed seeds were studied at Nouragues Station, French Guiana, during three 2-mo periods (April-May, 1995-97). Howler monkeys were observed to disperse seeds of 47 plant species. Monkey dung attracted 57 species of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae), including tunnellers (maximum size 37 mm) and ball rollers (12.6 mm). The rate of seed burial was negatively correlated with seed size (10 plant species) and positively correlated with dung beetle size (six species of tunnellers). More than 80\% of small seeds (< 5 mm) and 30\% of large seeds (22 mm), were buried by the largest tunnellers. Dung beetles buried 13 to 23\% of seeds ranging 8-13 mm in width. The maximum average depth of burial was 28 cm and varied according to the species of dung beetle. The rate of disappearance of large dung clumps varied during the day and was completed by nocturnal dung beetles. Seeds of Chrysophyllum lucentifolium (Sapotaceae) buried at 5 and 10 cm depths did not suffer predation, but showed low germination success compared to seeds left at the soil surface. Dung beetles affected the survival and distribution of a portion of the seeds dispersed by monkeys, and their relative importance in shaping seed fate depended on seed and beetle size.},
	keywords = {Alouatta seniculus, Dung beetles, French Guiana, rain forest, Scarabaeidae, seed dispersal},
	isbn = {0266-4674},
	url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0266-4674\%28199903\%2915\%3A2\%3C129\%3AEODB\%28O\%3E2.0.CO\%3B2-O},
	author = {Feer, Francois}
}
@article {1612,
	title = {Dung and carrion beetles of the rain forest of French Guiana: composition and structure of the guild},
	journal = {Annales De La Societe Entomologique De France},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 60Cited References:      ANDRESEN E, 1999, BIOTROPICA, V31, P145     ANDRESEN E, 1994, THESIS FRUGIVORY PRI     BALTHASAR V, 1963, MONOGRAPHIE SCARABAE, V1     BONGERS F, 2000, BIOL MONOGRAPH SERIE     BRYAN RP, 1976, AUSTR J AGR RES, V27, P567     CAMBEFORT Y, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P17     CAMBEFORT Y, 1982, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V18, P433     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P156     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P198     CAMBEFORT Y, 1985, REV FRANCAISE ENTOMO, V7, P337     CASWELL H, 1976, ECOL MONOGR, V46, P327     DADDA AA, 1998, NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES, V6, P111     DAJOZ R, 1994, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V30, P159     DAVIS AJ, 1993, THESIS U LEEDS RU     DUBOST G, 1987, MAMMALIA, V51, P415     ESTRADA A, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP, P9     ESTRADA A, 1993, J TROP ECOL, V9, P45     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FEER F, 1999, J TROP ECOL 2, V15, P129     FINCHER GT, 1973, J PARASITOL, V59, P396     FISCHER RA, 1943, THEORETICAL POPULATI, V7, P197     GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211     GLANZ WE, 1990, 4 NEOTROPICAL RAINFO, P287     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT, V27, P15     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HALFFTER G, 1991, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V82, P195     HALFFTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HALFFTER G, 1980, QUAEST ENTOMOL, V16, P599     HANSKI I, 1983, ACTA ZOOL FENN, V167, P1     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P5     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P283     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P303     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P330     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P350     HANSKI I, 1982, OIKOS, V38, P210     HANSKI I, 1989, TROPICAL RAIN FOREST, P489     HEINRICH B, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P484     HOWDEN HF, 1975, BIOTROPICA, V7, P77     HOWDEN HF, 1981, CONTRIBUTIONS AM ENT, V18, P1     JANZEN DH, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1887     JANZEN DH, 1982, SCIENCE, V215, P19     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     KOHLMAN B, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P116     LAURANCE WF, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN     LOBO JM, 1988, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V25, P77     LOUZADA JNC, 1997, REV BRASILEIRA ENTOM, V41, P117     LOVEJOY TE, 1990, 4 NEOTROPICAL RAINFO, P60     MAGURRAN AE, 1988, ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY     MCARTHUR RH, 1972, GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY     PECK SB, 1984, BIOTROPICA, V16, P235     PECK SB, 1982, CAN J ZOOL, V60, P1624     PONCY O, 1998, FOREST BIODIVERSITY, P389     SABATIER D, 1990, BOIS FOR TROP, V219, P31     SHEPHERD VE, 1998, J TROP ECOL 2, V14, P199     SIMMEN B, 1998, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V321, P699     TERBORGH J, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN, P256     VOSS RS, 1996, B AM MUS NAT HIST, V230, P1     WALTER P, 1984, B SOC ENTOMOLOGIQUE, V88, P514     WOODRUFF RE, 1973, SCARAB BEETLES FLORI, V8FrenchArticle319LXANN SOC ENTOMOL FR},
	month = {Jan-Mar},
	pages = {29-43},
	abstract = {A guild of neotropical rain forest dung and carrion beetles, has been studied in a locality of undisturbed rain forest in French Guiana. A total of 87 species was captured. Scarabaeidae with 76 species were the most numerous;Aphodiidae and other minor families were rare. Species diversity and equitability were high and showed small variation with seasons. Tunneller species ( 48 species) were larger and more numerous than roller species (18 species) and dwellers. Food preferences, and activity rhythm of species were described.},
	keywords = {alouatta-palliata, COLEOPTERA, communities, ivory-coast, los-tuxtlas, Mexico, monkeys, Scarabaeidae, seed dispersal},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000087344100002},
	author = {Feer, F.}
}
@article {1613,
	title = {Spatio-temporal, variations in post-dispersal seed fate},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 78Cited References:      ALMEIDA SS, 1995, BOL MUS PARA EMILIO, V11, P265     ANDRESEN E, 1999, BIOTROPICA, V31, P145     ANDRESEN E, 1994, THESIS DUKE U DURHAM     ANDRESEN E, 2000, THESIS U FLORIDA GAI     ASQUITH NM, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P941     BONGERS F, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P     BOUCHER DH, 1981, OECOLOGIA, V49, P409     BREWER SW, 1999, J VEG SCI, V10, P165     BURKEY TV, 1993, BIOL CONSERV, V66, P139     BURKEY TV, 1994, OECOLOGIA, V97, P533     CHAPMAN CA, 1989, BIOTROPICA, V21, P148     CHAPMAN CA, 1996, J TROP ECOL 4, V12, P491     CHAUVET S, 1997, THESIS U PIERRE MARI     CONNELL JH, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P568     DESTEVEN D, 1984, OIKOS, V43, P207     DIRZO R, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP, P237     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FEER F, 1999, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V36, P29     FEER F, 1999, J TROP ECOL, V15, P1     FEER F, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P227     FEER F, 2001, REV ECOL-TERRE VIE, V56, P119     FORGET PM, 2000, BIOTROPICA, V32, P452     FORGET PM, 1994, BIOTROPICA, V26, P420     FORGET PM, 1992, BIOTROPICA, V24, P408     FORGET PM, 1990, J TROP ECOL, V6, P459     FORGET PM, 1999, J TROP ECOL 3, V15, P301     FORGET PM, 2001, J TROP ECOL 4, V17, P593     FORGET PM, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P265     FORGET PM, 1993, OECOLOGIA, V94, P255     FORGET PM, 1991, OECOLOGIA, V87, P596     FORGET PM, 1998, S BRIT ECOLOGICAL SO, V37, P25     FORGET PM, 1991, TROP ECOL, V32, P155     GLANZ WE, 1990, 4 NEOTROPICAL RAINFO, P287     GRIMALDI M, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P9     GUILLOTIN M, 1994, J ZOOL, V233, P551     GUILLOTIN M, 1982, REV ECOL-TERRE VIE, V36, P337     HAMMOND DS, 1998, DYNAMICS TROPICAL CO, P51     HENRY O, 2000, BIOTROPICA, V32, P364     HOCH GA, 1997, J TROP ECOL 1, V13, P51     HOWE HF, 1982, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V13, P201     HOWE HF, 1980, ECOLOGY, V61, P944     HOWE HF, 1989, OECOLOGIA, V79, P417     HOWE HF, 1986, SEED DISPERSAL, P123     JANSEN PA, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P275     JANZEN DH, 1970, AM NAT, V104, P501     JANZEN DH, 1974, BIOTROPICA, V6, P69     JANZEN DH, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1887     JANZEN DH, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP, P251     JULLIOT C, 1996, AM J PRIMATOL, V40, P261     JULLIOT C, 1998, FOLIA PRIMATOL, V69, P43     JULLIOT C, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P239     JULLIOT C, 1997, J ECOL, V85, P431     JULLIOT C, 1992, THESIS U TOURS TOURS     KILTIE RA, 1981, BIOTROPICA, V13, P141     LAMBERT JE, 2002, SEED DISPERSAL PROCE, P365     MALCOLM JR, 1988, ACTA AMAZONICA, V18, P67     OCONNELL MA, 1989, J MAMMAL, V70, P532     OSUNKOYA OO, 1994, AUST J ECOL, V19, P52     PERES CA, 1997, J TROP ECOL 4, V13, P595     PONCY O, 1998, FOREST BIODIVERSITY, P389     PONCY O, 2001, NOURAGUES DYNAMICS P, P31     RANKIN JM, 1978, THESIS U MICHIGAN AN     RINGUET S, 1998, THESIS MUSEUM NATL H     SABATIER D, 1990, BOIS FOR TROP, V219, P31     SABATIER D, 1985, REV ECOLOGIE TERRE V, V40, P298     SCHUPP EW, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P526     SCHUPP EW, 1995, ECOSCIENCE, V2, P267     SCHUPP EW, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V76, P525     SHEPHERD VE, 1998, J TROP ECOL 2, V14, P199     SIMMEN B, 1998, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V321, P699     SIMMEN B, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P661     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     SORK VL, 1987, ECOLOGY, V68, P1341     SPIRONELLO WR, 1996, CHRYSOPHYLLUM AMAZON     SPIRONELLO WR, 1999, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE C     TERBORGH J, 1993, VEGETATIO, V107, P375     VOSS RS, 1996, B AM MUS NAT HIST, V230, P1     ZHANG SY, 1995, BIOTROPICA, V27, P397EnglishArticle637XVBIOTROPICA},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {555-566},
	abstract = {The post-dispersal fate of Chrysophyllum lucentifolium (a canopy tree; Sapotaceae) seeds was analyzed in French Guiana over three consecutive years. Experiments using 750 thread- marked seeds were performed to investigate seed removal, predation, and caching by terrestrial vertebrates on howler monkey (Alouatta seniculus) defecation sites, where clumps of intact C lucentifolium seeds were observed. Year-to-year variations in seed fare during the peak fruiting period were considered in relation to overall fruit and seed resource availability estimated by a raked-trail survey. The effect of two forest areas, which differed in soil and floristic composition, was examined with conspecific fruiting tree density as a covariant. Exclosure versus open treatment was used to discriminate small rodents (not larger than a spiny rat) from other vertebrates. The presence of fresh howler dung did not affect seed fate after 20 days as shown by comparisons between defecation sites and control during the first year. There was a significant effect of year on the percentage of seeds remaining after 20 days. Low seed removal in 1995 and 1996 (compared to 1997) corresponded to higher overall fruiting and higher fruiting of C lucentifolium, or the presence of alternative resources for rodents. All effect of forest area was observed on the seed removal rate, which varied with years and protection. Comparatively, an effect of forest area on the percentage of seeds lost was observed in 1996 and an effect of treatment on the percentage of seeds eaten was seen in 1995. The mode of seed caching Suggested that spiny rats were the main seed remover. Results of this study suggest that greater seedling recruitment may Occur when large fruit crop and high howler dispersal co-occur with a lower impact of rodents (i.e., when rodents are saturated by abundant and diversified fruit resources such as in 1995). Such event synchrony, however, is highly unpredictable after only three years of study.},
	keywords = {americana caesalpiniaceae, Chysophyllum lucentifolium, density, French Guiana, french-gui, howler monkey, janzen-connell model, monkeys alouatta-seniculus, rodents, seed dispersal, seed predation, tree, tropical rain-forest, variation, vouacapoua-, yearly},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180539800008},
	author = {Feer, F. and Forget, P. M.}
}
@article {2229,
	title = {Effects of seed dispersal by three ateline monkey species on seed germination at Tinigua National Park, Colombia},
	journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
	volume = {23},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1187-1204},
	abstract = {We examined the effect of seed ingestion by three ateline primates: woolly monkeys, Lagothrix lagothricha; spider monkeys, Ateles belzebuth; and, red howler, Alouatta seniculus on germination rates and latency periods of seeds of several plant species in Tinigua National Park, Colombia. We collected dispersed seeds from feces and control seeds from the parental trees and washed them for germination trials. For the majority of plants, dispersed seeds germinated as well or better than control seeds did. Although spider monkeys depend more heavily on fruits than the other monkey species do, they were not more efficient than howlers or woolly monkeys at improving germination rates. A considerable proportion of the seeds dispersed by howlers and woolly monkeys showed reduced latency periods to germination, but spider monkeys showed less effect on reducing germination time. This result may be related to longer gut retention times, but such a trend has not been observed in other primate species. We conclude that, like many other primates, ateline monkeys are effective seed dispersers in terms of their effects on the seeds they swallow because they rarely decrease their germination rates. We discuss problems that make interspecific comparisons difficult, such as inappropriate control seeds and differences associated with germination substrates, and we stress the importance of studying other components of seed dispersal effectiveness.},
	keywords = {Alouatta, alouatta-palliata, Ateles belzebuth, Dung beetles, ecology, feeding, french-guiana, fruit, germination rate, Lagothrix lagothricha, LAGOTHRIX-LAGOTRICHA, latency period, los-tuxtlas, primates, seed dispersal, seniculus, TRE, tropical rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179360100003 },
	author = {Stevenson, P. R. and Castellanos, M. C. and Pizarro, J. C. and Garavito, M.}
}
@article {2232,
	title = {Hunting and plant community dynamics in tropical forests: a synthesis and future directions},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {39},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {385-392},
	abstract = {This synthesis builds on the preceding articles of this Special Section and has three goals. We first review the nascent literature that addresses indirect effects of hunting for tropical forest plant communities. Next, we highlight the potential indirect effects of hunting for other groups of organisms. Our final goal is to consider what could be done to ameliorate the demographic threats to harvest-sensitive game species caused by unsustainable hunting. Three conclusions are possible at this time concerning the impact of hunting for tropical forest plant communities: (1) Hunting tends to reduce seed movement for animal-dispersed species with very large diaspores; (2) Hunting reduces seed predation by granivorous vertebrates for species with large seeds; and (3) Hunting alters the species composition of the seedling and sapling layers. The cascading effects of hunting are already known to affect bruchid beetles and dung beetles and are likely to affect other, nongame taxa. To ameliorate these problems, several lines of research should be further explored to facilitate the development of game management plans including: (1) alternative use of sources of animal protein; (2) income supplementation for local people from sources other than wild meat; (3) outreach and extension activities for communities; (4) recognition and facilitation of the shifting of attitudes towards hunting; (5) implementation of community-based wildlife management programs in regulated-use areas such as extractive reserves; and (6) landscape-scale conservation planning that maximizes the source-sink dynamics of harvested and unharvested game populations and enforces game regulations in strictly protected areas. },
	keywords = {bushmeat, management plans, plant community structure, seed dispersal, seed predation},
	author = {Stoner, Kathryn E. and Vulinec, Kevina and Wright, S. Joseph and Peres, Carlos A.}
}
@article {2293,
	title = {Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Monkeys, and Conservation in Amazonia},
	journal = {Florida Entomologist},
	volume = {83},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {229-241},
	keywords = {Amazon, brazil, Dung beetles, monkeys, primates, Scarabaeidae, seed dispersal},
	author = {Vulinec, K.}
}
@article {2294,
	title = {Dung beetle communities and seed dispersal in primary forest and disturbed land in Amazonia},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {34},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copyhave copy},
	pages = {297-309},
	keywords = {amazonia (biological conservation 2007), dung beetle, ecosystem services, modification, monkeys, seed dispersal},
	author = {Vulinec, Kevina}
}
@article {2295,
	title = {Biological and taxonomic notes on a rare phanaeine dung beetle, Phanaeus alvarengai Arnaud (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {57},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 10Cited References:      ANDRESEN E, 1999, BIOTROPICA, V31, P145     ARNAUD P, 1984, MISCELLANEA ENTOMOLO, V50, P59     ARNAUD P, 2002, COLEOPTERES MONDE, V28     EDMONDS WD, 1994, CONTRIBUTIONS SCI NA, V443     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FORSYTH AB, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P181     NEPSTAD DC, 1991, AMBIO, V20, P248     STONE TA, 1991, FOREST ECOL MANAG, V38, P291     VULINEC K, 2000, FLA ENTOMOL, V83, P229     VULINEC K, 2002, BIOTROPICA, V34, P297EnglishArticleCOLEOPTS BULL722ZQ},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {353-357},
	abstract = {The rare phanaeine dung beetle Phanaeus alvarengai Arnaud 1984 was described from two specimens. Several recent collections of this species are reported here, along with behavioral observations; this new material is a basis for amending earlier descriptions of P. alvarengai. Flight-activity period was recorded as near sunrise for no more than 10 minutes and diet preference appeared to be herbivore dung. Dung-burial behavior was similar to the congeners P. chalcomelas (Perty) and P. cambeforti Arnaud.},
	keywords = {Amazonia, monkeys, rain-forest, seed dispersal},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000185408300016},
	author = {Vulinec, K. and Edmonds, W. D. and Mellow, D. J.}
}
@article {2296,
	title = {Primate and dung beetle communities in secondary growth rain forests: implications for conservation of seed dispersal systems},
	journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
	volume = {27},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {855-879},
	edition = {june},
	abstract = {Conservation efforts are often aimed at one or a few species. However, habi- tat sustainability relies on ecological interactions among species, such as seed dispersal. Thus, a community-scale conservation strategy may be more valuable in some settings. We describe communities of primary (primates) and secondary (dung beetles) seed dispersers from 5 sites in the Brazilian Amazon. We estimate community biomass of these taxa and, using multivari- ate ordination, examine the potential for natural reforestation at each site, given the communities of seed dispersers present. Since disturbed habitat is increasingly common and increasingly the focus of conservation efforts, we also examine differences among seed disperser communities between primary forest and secondary growth at each site. Analyses of faunal biomass in dif- ferent localities and habitats indicate that secondary growth receives nearly as much use by primates as primary forest; given the dominant groups of dung beetles in secondary growth, disturbed habitat should show a pattern of seed burial that is clumped and deep. Areas with high biomass of Alouatta spp. and the large nocturnal dung beetle species may have the greatest potential for natural reforestation of secondary growth particularly for large seeded species. The data suggest that knowledge of the biomass of primary and sec- ondary dispersing fauna facilitates predictions for the likelihood of disturbed habitat to regenerate and comparisons of sites in broader geographical areas e.g., Neotropical vs. Paleotropical forests.},
	keywords = {community ecology, Dung beetles, primates, rain forest regeneration, secondary forest., seed dispersal},
	author = {Vulinec, Kevina and Lambert, Joanna E. and Mellow, David J.}
}
@article {2318,
	title = {Seed dispersal and defecation patterns of Cebus capucinus and Alouatta palliata: consequences for seed dispersal effectiveness},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {535-543},
	abstract = {Primates are primary seed dispersers for many tropical tree species. Different species of primates vary considerably in ranging and feeding behaviour, seed processing, and in seed defecation patterns. Here we compare the role of two arboreal primate species, howlers (Alouatta palliata), and white-faced monkeys (Cebus capucinus) as seed dispersers in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. We found that Cebus produce smaller defecations, spend shorter times feeding per tree, have longer seed dispersal distances, and produce a more scattered pattern of seed deposition in the forest than Alouatta. In addition, Cebus moved more frequently between trees, and consumed fruits of more species than Alouatta. We examined the consequences of the contrasting defecation patterns produced by Cebus and Alouatta on the early seed fate of Acacia collinsii. We found that quantity, but not the identity (Cebus vs. Alouatta) of faecal material affected post-dispersal activity. Seeds in scattered faeces, sufficiently apart from each other (the common defecation pattern of white-faced monkeys), had higher short-term survival than seeds in clumped patterns of faeces (the pattern associated with Alouatta). },
	keywords = {Acacia collinsii, Alouatta palliata, Cebus capucinus, Costa Rica, defecation patterns, dispersal effectiveness, post-dispersal, primates, seed dispersal, seed removal, tropical dry forest},
	author = {Wehncke, Elisabet V. and Numa, Catherine and Dominguez, Cesar A.}
}
@article {2328,
	title = {Poachers alter mammal abundance, seed dispersal and seed predation in a Neotropical forest},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {227-239},
	keywords = {bushmeat, mammals, Neotropics, NO dung beetles mammals, poaching, seed dispersal, seed predation},
	author = {Wright, Josep. S and Zeballos, Horacio and Dominguez, Ivan and Gallardo, Marina M and Moreno, Marta C and Ibanez, Roberto}
}
