@article {1762,
	title = {Effects of forest fragmentation on the activity of dung beetles},
	journal = {Revue D Ecologie-La Terre Et La Vie},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 51Cited References:      *SPSS INC, 1998, SYSTAT 8 0 STAT     ANDRESEN E, 1999, BIOTROPICA, V31, P145     ANDRESEN E, 2000, THESIS U FLORIDA     ANDRSEN E, 1994, THESIS DUKE U     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1970, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V10, P1     BROWN KS, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN, P91     CLAESSENS O, 2002, REV ECOL TERRE VIE S, V8, P21     DALECKY A, 2002, REV ECOL TERRE VIE S, V8, P145     DIDHAM RK, 1998, ECOL MONOGR, V68, P295     DIDHAM RK, 1996, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V11, P255     ESTRADA A, 1999, AM J PRIMATOL, V48, P253     ESTRADA A, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     ESTRADA A, 1998, J TROP ECOL 5, V14, P577     FEER F, 1999, J TROP ECOL, V15, P1     FEER F, 2001, REV ECOL-TERRE VIE, V56, P119     FINCHER GT, 1973, J PARASITOL, V59, P396     FORGET PM, 1991, TROP ECOL, V32, P155     GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211     GRANJON L, 1996, ACTA OECOL, V17, P673     GUILLOTIN M, 1994, J ZOOL, V233, P551     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HALFFTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HALLWACHS W, 1994, CLUMSY DANCE AGOUTI     HANSKI I, 1989, ECOSYSTEMS WORLD, P489     HINGRAT Y, 1999, EFFETS FRAGMENTATION     HOWDEN HF, 1981, CONTRIBUTIONS AM ENT, V18, P1     HOWE HF, 1980, ECOLOGY, V61, P944     HOWE HF, 1989, OECOLOGIA, V79, P417     JANZEN DH, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1887     JANZEN DH, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP, P251     JULLIOT C, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P239     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     LAURANCE WF, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN     LOVEJOY TE, 1986, CONSERVATION BIOL SC, P257     MALCOLM JR, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN, P207     PECK SB, 1984, BIOTROPICA, V16, P235     PECK SB, 1982, CAN J ZOOL, V60, P1624     POWELL AH, 1987, BIOTROPICA, V19, P176     RATIARISON S, 1999, FRAGMENTATION FOREST     RINGUET S, 1998, THESIS MUSEUM NAT HI     SABATIER D, 1983, THESIS U SCI TECHNIQ     SHEPHERD VE, 1998, J TROP ECOL 2, V14, P199     SILVIUS KM, 1999, THESIS U FLORIDA     SIMMEN B, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P661     SOKAL RR, 1981, BIOMETRY     SOUZA OFF, 1994, J TROP ECOL, V10, P197     SPIRONELLO WR, 1999, THESIS U CAMBRIDGE U     VANROOSMALEN MGM, 1985, ACTA AMAZONICA, V19, P1     VULINEC K, 2000, FLA ENTOMOL, V83, P229FrenchArticle8616CUREV ECOL-TERRE VIE},
	pages = {165-179},
	abstract = {The effect of seed burial by dung beetles on seed survival and seedling establishment in Tetragastris altissima (Burseraceae) was measured on 3 sites of continuous forest and 7 islands in the man-inundated rain forest of Saint-Eugene, French Guiana. Experiments using a total of 250 seeds were performed using wire enclosures open to dung beetles but excluding terrestrial seed predators. Fragmentation had no effect on the rate of dung disappearance at 12, 24 and 48 h because there was a high variability between sites. On average, 24 \% of seeds were buried by dung beetles after 72 h, Overall, there was no effect of fragmentation due to variation between sites. Dung burial rates were positively correlated with rarefaction of the dung beetle samples collected on the different sites. They were also positively correlated with weighted abundances of large diurnal tunnellers after 12 h and to total tunnellers after 24 h. Seed burial was positively correlated to weighted abundance of large nocturnal tunnellers and of total tunnellers. The species diversity and abundance were positively related to area that did not involve a correlation between seed burial rates and area. After 72 h, survival rate of protected seeds at ground surface was significantly larger (78 \%) than for non protected seeds (22 \%), which were attacked by rodents. There was no difference between continuous forest and islands. Eight percent of buried seeds emerged, i.e. 2 \% of all seeds deposited. Burial depth significantly affected the rate of emergence of buried seeds. Ninety percent of seeds at surface germinated versus 0 \% at 10 and 15 cm. The effects of seed burial by dung beetles on early recruitment of T altissima was low and highly variable between sites in relation with the structure of the community of Scarabaeidae and intensity of seed predation.},
	keywords = {Amazonia, COLEOPTERA, communities, dispersal, french-guiana, los-tuxtlas, Mexico, monkeys alouatta-palliata, Scarabaeidae, seed, tropical rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179284800011},
	author = {Hingrat, Y. and Feer, F.}
}
@article {1846,
	title = {Diversity of dung-beetle community in declining Japanese subalpine forest caused by an increasing sika deer population},
	journal = {Ecological Research},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {135-141},
	abstract = {The Ohdaigahara subalpine plateau in Japan has recently suffered a reduction in primary forest land caused by an increasing population of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Deer have debarked many trees, causing die-back, gradually changing the primary forest first to light forest with a floor that is densely covered with sasa grass (Sasa nipponica) and then to S. nipponica grassland. To examine the effects of vegetative transformation on the dung-beetle community, we compared the diversity and abundance of dung-beetle assemblages in the primary forest, transition forest, and S. nipponica grassland using dung-baited pitfall traps. The species richness and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were significantly highest in the primary forest and lowest in the S. nipponica grassland. The evenness (Smith-Wilson index) was highest in the primary forest and nearly equal in the transition forest and S. nipponica grassland. The abundance was apparently greater in the transition forest than in the primary forest and S. nipponica grassland. These results suggest that loss of primary forest resulting from an increasing deer population decreases the diversity of the dung-beetle community while increasing the abundance of dung beetles in the transition forest. Sika deer use transition forests and grasslands more frequently than primary forests as habitat, but an increase in dung supply there does not necessarily increase the diversity or abundance of dung-beetle assemblages.},
	keywords = {alouatta-palliata, COLEOPTERA, dung beetle, evenness, fragmentation, los-tuxtlas, Mexico, ohdaigahara mammals, primary forest, sasa nipponica, Sasa nipponica grassland, Scarabaeidae, south-africa, transition forest, tropical rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228011500004 },
	author = {Kanda, N. and Yokota, T. and Shibata, E. and Sato, H.}
}
@article {1610,
	title = {The role of clumped defecation in the spatial distribution of soil nutrients and the availability of nutrients for plant uptake},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 21Cited References:      ABRAMS MM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1532     ALVAREZ E, 1986, INTERCIENCIA, V11, P325     ANDRESEN E, 2001, J TROP ECOL 1, V17, P61     ANDRESEN E, 2002, BIOTROPICA, V34, P261     BINKLEY D, 1983, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V47, P1050     BRIDGHAM SD, 2001, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V65, P259     COOPERBAND LR, 1994, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V58, P105     ESTRADA A, 1984, AM J PRIMATOL, V6, P77     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FORDE B, 2001, PLANT SOIL, V232, P51     GILBERT KA, 1997, ANIM BEHAV 2, V54, P451     GOWER ST, 1987, BIOTROPICA, V19, P171     HUBER O, 1986, INTERCIENCIA, V11, P301     JULLIOT C, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P239     MILTON K, 1980, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V53, P402     NAGY KA, 1979, OECOLOGIA, V39, P249     OSTERTAG R, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P485     SUBLER S, 1995, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V27, P911     TAN KH, 1996, SOIL SAMPLING PREPAR     TERBORGH J, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1494     VITOUSEK PM, 1986, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V17, P137EnglishArticleJ TROP ECOLPart 1898NL},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {99-102},
	keywords = {Alouatta seniculus, anion-exchange, clumped defecation, Dung beetles, howler monkeys, Lake Guri, latrine, los-tuxtlas, membranes, monkeys alouatta-palliata, nutrient cycling, phosphorus, seed dispersal, tropical rain-forest, Venezuela, wild howler monkeys},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000227083400011},
	author = {Feeley, K.}
}
@article {1612,
	title = {Dung and carrion beetles of the rain forest of French Guiana: composition and structure of the guild},
	journal = {Annales De La Societe Entomologique De France},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 60Cited References:      ANDRESEN E, 1999, BIOTROPICA, V31, P145     ANDRESEN E, 1994, THESIS FRUGIVORY PRI     BALTHASAR V, 1963, MONOGRAPHIE SCARABAE, V1     BONGERS F, 2000, BIOL MONOGRAPH SERIE     BRYAN RP, 1976, AUSTR J AGR RES, V27, P567     CAMBEFORT Y, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P17     CAMBEFORT Y, 1982, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V18, P433     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P156     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P198     CAMBEFORT Y, 1985, REV FRANCAISE ENTOMO, V7, P337     CASWELL H, 1976, ECOL MONOGR, V46, P327     DADDA AA, 1998, NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES, V6, P111     DAJOZ R, 1994, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V30, P159     DAVIS AJ, 1993, THESIS U LEEDS RU     DUBOST G, 1987, MAMMALIA, V51, P415     ESTRADA A, 1986, FRUGIVORES SEED DISP, P9     ESTRADA A, 1993, J TROP ECOL, V9, P45     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FEER F, 1999, J TROP ECOL 2, V15, P129     FINCHER GT, 1973, J PARASITOL, V59, P396     FISCHER RA, 1943, THEORETICAL POPULATI, V7, P197     GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211     GLANZ WE, 1990, 4 NEOTROPICAL RAINFO, P287     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT, V27, P15     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V84, P131     HALFFTER G, 1991, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA M, V82, P195     HALFFTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HALFFTER G, 1980, QUAEST ENTOMOL, V16, P599     HANSKI I, 1983, ACTA ZOOL FENN, V167, P1     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P5     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P283     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P303     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P330     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P350     HANSKI I, 1982, OIKOS, V38, P210     HANSKI I, 1989, TROPICAL RAIN FOREST, P489     HEINRICH B, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P484     HOWDEN HF, 1975, BIOTROPICA, V7, P77     HOWDEN HF, 1981, CONTRIBUTIONS AM ENT, V18, P1     JANZEN DH, 1982, ECOLOGY, V63, P1887     JANZEN DH, 1982, SCIENCE, V215, P19     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     KOHLMAN B, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P116     LAURANCE WF, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN     LOBO JM, 1988, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V25, P77     LOUZADA JNC, 1997, REV BRASILEIRA ENTOM, V41, P117     LOVEJOY TE, 1990, 4 NEOTROPICAL RAINFO, P60     MAGURRAN AE, 1988, ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY     MCARTHUR RH, 1972, GEOGRAPHICAL ECOLOGY     PECK SB, 1984, BIOTROPICA, V16, P235     PECK SB, 1982, CAN J ZOOL, V60, P1624     PONCY O, 1998, FOREST BIODIVERSITY, P389     SABATIER D, 1990, BOIS FOR TROP, V219, P31     SHEPHERD VE, 1998, J TROP ECOL 2, V14, P199     SIMMEN B, 1998, CR ACAD SCI III-VIE, V321, P699     TERBORGH J, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN, P256     VOSS RS, 1996, B AM MUS NAT HIST, V230, P1     WALTER P, 1984, B SOC ENTOMOLOGIQUE, V88, P514     WOODRUFF RE, 1973, SCARAB BEETLES FLORI, V8FrenchArticle319LXANN SOC ENTOMOL FR},
	month = {Jan-Mar},
	pages = {29-43},
	abstract = {A guild of neotropical rain forest dung and carrion beetles, has been studied in a locality of undisturbed rain forest in French Guiana. A total of 87 species was captured. Scarabaeidae with 76 species were the most numerous;Aphodiidae and other minor families were rare. Species diversity and equitability were high and showed small variation with seasons. Tunneller species ( 48 species) were larger and more numerous than roller species (18 species) and dwellers. Food preferences, and activity rhythm of species were described.},
	keywords = {alouatta-palliata, COLEOPTERA, communities, ivory-coast, los-tuxtlas, Mexico, monkeys, Scarabaeidae, seed dispersal},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000087344100002},
	author = {Feer, F.}
}
@article {2112,
	title = {Primary dispersal of seeds by primates and secondary dispersal by dung beetles in Tikal, Guatemala},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {38},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	month = {May},
	pages = {390-397},
	abstract = {We linked primary dispersal by spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) and howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) to post-dispersal seed fate by studying the effects of dung type and defecation pattern on secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles. First, we described the defecation patterns for both primate species. Howler monkeys generally defecated in groups (88\% of observed defecations), with each individual producing on average 31 g of dung, resulting in a large area of the forest floor (31 m(2)) covered by large amounts of dung (clumped spatial pattern). Spider monkeys generally (96\% of observed defecations) defecated individually, each individual producing an average of 11 g of dung, resulting in a small area of the forest floor (2 m(2)) covered by small amounts of dung (scattered spatial pattern). Secondly, we captured dung beetles using as bait the dung of both primate species, to detect differences in the assemblages of these secondary seed dispersers attracted to the dung of both primates. More individual dung beetles, but not more species, were attracted to howler monkey dung than to spider monkey dung. Finally, we assessed experimentally (using plastic beads as seed mimics) how dung type (Ateles vs. Alouatta) and defecation pattern (scattered vs. clumped) affect secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles. We found that post-dispersal seed fate was affected by dung type, with more seeds being buried when present in howler monkey dung, than in spider monkey dung, but was not affected by defecation pattern. It is important to consider post-dispersal processes, such as secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles, when comparing species of primary dispersers.},
	keywords = {alouatta-palliata, Ateles, CEBUS-CAPUCINUS, DEFECATION, GERMINATION literature review function service seed dispersal mammal value, howler monkeys, los-tuxtlas, Mexico, patterns, Scarabaeidae, tropical rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000236766500014 },
	author = {Ponce-Santizo, G. and Andresen, E. and Cano, E. and Cuaron, A. D.}
}
@article {2229,
	title = {Effects of seed dispersal by three ateline monkey species on seed germination at Tinigua National Park, Colombia},
	journal = {International Journal of Primatology},
	volume = {23},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1187-1204},
	abstract = {We examined the effect of seed ingestion by three ateline primates: woolly monkeys, Lagothrix lagothricha; spider monkeys, Ateles belzebuth; and, red howler, Alouatta seniculus on germination rates and latency periods of seeds of several plant species in Tinigua National Park, Colombia. We collected dispersed seeds from feces and control seeds from the parental trees and washed them for germination trials. For the majority of plants, dispersed seeds germinated as well or better than control seeds did. Although spider monkeys depend more heavily on fruits than the other monkey species do, they were not more efficient than howlers or woolly monkeys at improving germination rates. A considerable proportion of the seeds dispersed by howlers and woolly monkeys showed reduced latency periods to germination, but spider monkeys showed less effect on reducing germination time. This result may be related to longer gut retention times, but such a trend has not been observed in other primate species. We conclude that, like many other primates, ateline monkeys are effective seed dispersers in terms of their effects on the seeds they swallow because they rarely decrease their germination rates. We discuss problems that make interspecific comparisons difficult, such as inappropriate control seeds and differences associated with germination substrates, and we stress the importance of studying other components of seed dispersal effectiveness.},
	keywords = {Alouatta, alouatta-palliata, Ateles belzebuth, Dung beetles, ecology, feeding, french-guiana, fruit, germination rate, Lagothrix lagothricha, LAGOTHRIX-LAGOTRICHA, latency period, los-tuxtlas, primates, seed dispersal, seniculus, TRE, tropical rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179360100003 },
	author = {Stevenson, P. R. and Castellanos, M. C. and Pizarro, J. C. and Garavito, M.}
}
