@article {1476,
	title = {Dung beetles collected from Rafflesia pricei Meijer at the Tambunan Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia},
	journal = {Malayan Nature Journal },
	volume = {50},
	year = {1996},
	note = {julio has hard copy to scanthey found two onthophagus species on the flower, but have no evidence to say that they actual play a role in the pollination ecology of the flowe...},
	pages = {39-41},
	abstract = {Two species of dung beetle were collected from decaying Rafflesin pricei Meijer in Sabah, East Malaysia. The beetles were identified as being saprophagous in habit, and . related to two species known to occur in lowland dipterocarp rainforest. The biological significance of this occurrence is examined.},
	keywords = {annotated, asia, dung beetle, ecological function, malaysia, pollination},
	author = {Davis, A. J. and Lantoh, S.}
}
@article {1576,
	title = {Water lilies and scarabs: faithful partners for 100 million years?},
	journal = {Biological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2003},
	month = {May},
	pages = {539-543},
	abstract = {Night-flowering water lilies (Nymphaeaceae) in South America are pollinated by Cyclocephala scarab beetles (Scar- abaeidae: Cyclocephalini) in a specialized relationship involving synchronized flowering movements, strong floral scent, food tissues, and heat-producing flowers. We report that a similar and closely related association exists in West Africa between Nymphaea lotus  L. and Ruteloryctes morio  Fabricius (Cyclocephalini). This finding strongly supports a late Early Cretaceous origin of a symbiosis between the night-flowering water lilies and pollinating Cyclocephalini beetles. We believe that this is the first unambiguous evidence of a plant-pollinator relationship of this age.},
	keywords = {Cyclocephala, floral scent, GC-MS, headspace, Nymphaea, pollination, Senegal, thermogenesis, {\textendash}},
	author = {Ervik, Finn and Knudsen, Jette T.}
}
@article {2178,
	title = {A new pollination system: Dung-beetle pollination discovered in Orchidantha inouei (Lowiaceae, Zingiberales) in Sarawak, Malaysia},
	journal = {American Journal of Botany},
	volume = {86},
	number = {1},
	year = {1999},
	note = {digitalobligately pollinated by diurnal onthophagus (6-10mm)and secondarily by paragymnopleurus (13-20mm)},
	pages = {56-61},
	abstract = {Lowiaceae, a family of the Zingiberales, comprise 11 species in the single genus Orchidantha. Here we present the first report on the pollination of Lowiaceae and describe a new system of dung-beetle pollination from Sarawak, Borneo. Or- chidantha inouei has a zygomorphic flower located just above the ground. Obser vations revealed that the plant is visited frequently and is pollinated by scarabaeid dung beetles, mainly members of the genus Onthophagus. All four species of Onthophagus collected on O. inouei have also been caught using traps baited with dung or carrion in Borneo. Onthophagus was presumably attracted to the dung-like odor of the flower. Pollination of O. inouei is different from other examples of beetle pollination in that its flower provides neither reward nor protected space. Dung beetles are excellent at following a particular dung scent. Orchidantha is the only genus that includes species lacking floral nectar. It is interesting that this deception pollination using dung beetles was found in Zingiberales, in which all known species have mutual and specialized relationships with their long-distance, but costly, pollinators{\textemdash}bees, birds, and bats. },
	keywords = {annotated, asia, deceit pollination, dung beetle, ecological function, Lowiaceae, mixed dipterocarp forest, pollination, Sarawak, Zingiberales.},
	author = {Sakai, Shoko and Inoue, Tamiji}
}
