@article {1748,
	title = {Phylogeny of Scarabaeus (Pachysoma MacLeay) stat. nov., and related flightless Scarabaeini (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Transvaal Museum},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {47-71},
	abstract = {ThemonophylyofPachysomaMacLeayisassessedviacladisticanalysis,basedonsixty-fouradultcharactersfrom thirty-seventaxacomprisingall currentlyandpreviously recognizedgenerainScarabaeini, except Madateuchus Paulian.PachysomacomprisesamonophyleticcladeofderivedspeciesofScarabaeusandNeopachysomaFerreira isthesisterlineageofPachysomasensustricto.Scarabaeus(Pachysoma)stat. nov. isconsideredasubgenusof ScarabaeusLinnaeuswhileNeopachysomaFerreiraismaintainedasasynonymof Pachysomasensulato. NeomnematiumJanssenstogether withMnematiumMacLeayispolyphyletic, whilethelatter isparaphyletic. MnematiumMacLeayandNeomnematiumJanssensaremaintainedassynonymsofScarabaeus,andtheirspecies includedinsubgeneraScarabaeus(Scarabaeus) andScarabaeus(Scarabaeolus).DrepanopodusJanssens, KheperJanssensandSceliagesWestwood,asderivedcladesofScarabaeus,couldalsoberecognizedassubgen- eratomaintainamonophyleticScarabaeus,but aremaintainedasgenerapendingfurther work. Aridificationof theNamibDesertispostulatedtohaveinitiatedtheevolutionofScarabaeus(Pachysoma),whichfeedondrydungor detritusandarederivedfromaball-rollingandwet-dung-feedingScarabaeus-likeancestor. Theevolutionof flightlessnessandfoodrelocationstrategy,biogeography,andadditionaldistributionalandbiologicalinformationare presented for the group. },
	keywords = {Aptery, Biology, Drepanopodus, Kheper, Pachylomerus, Pachysoma, phylogeny, Psammophily, Scarabaeolus, Scarabaeus, Sceliages},
	author = {Harrison, James du G. and Philips, T. Keith}
}
