@article {1326,
	title = {Impact of the activity of dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae) inhabiting pasture land in Durango, Mexico},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copyhave copy},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1306-1312},
	abstract = {In this study, I analyzed the diversity of the dung beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in relation to its bovine dung-removal efficiency in a cattle ranch with a load of 250 animals currently under holistic resource management. A total of 3,430 individuals of 8 Scarabaeinae species was collected, of which 5 species are abundant in the area: Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche), Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius), Onthophagus mexicanus Bates, O. knulli Howden and Cartwright, and Canthon humectus (Say). Of these 5 species, E. intermedius, D. gazella, and C. humectus were dominant in terms of abundance and biomass. Cattle dung pats were exploited mostly within the first 48 h after deposition. The activity and abundance of dung beetles recorded in the study were insufficient to remove the amount of fresh dung deposited in cattle pastureland.},
	keywords = {assemblages, baited pitfall traps, cattle, diversity, dung beetle, Dung beetles, Durango, ecological function, ecosystem service, ecosystems, holistic resource management, insects, larvae, scarabaeoidea col communities},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224606000022},
	author = {Sofia Anduaga}
}
@article {1357,
	title = {Discriminatory power of different arthropod data sets for the biological monitoring of anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests},
	journal = {Biodiversity And Conservation},
	volume = {13},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {709-732},
	abstract = {Arthropods were monitored by local parataxonomists at 12 sites of increasing anthropogenic disturbance (old and young secondary forests, savanna and cultivated gardens) at Gamba, Gabon. We report on the discriminatory power of different data sets with regard to the classification of sites along the disturbance gradient, using preliminary data accounting for 13 surveys and 142425 arthropods collected by Malaise, pitfall and yellow-pan traps. We compared the performance of different data sets. These were based upon ordinal, familial and guild composition, or upon 22 target taxa sorted to morphospecies and either considered in toto or grouped within different functional guilds. Finally we evaluated {\textquoteright}predictor sets{\textquoteright} made up of a few families or other target taxa, selected on the basis of their indicator value index. Although the discriminatory power of data sets based on ordinal categories and guilds was low, that of target taxa belonging to chewers, parasitoids and predators was much higher. The data sets that best discriminated among sites of differing degrees of disturbance were the restricted sets of indicator families and target taxa. This validates the concept of predictor sets for species-rich tropical systems. Including or excluding rare taxa in the analyses did not alter these conclusions. We conclude that calibration studies similar to ours are needed elsewhere in the tropics and that this strategy will allow to devise a representative and efficient biotic index for the biological monitoring of terrestrial arthropod assemblages in the tropics.},
	keywords = {assemblages, Australian rain-forest, biodiversity, biotic indexes, communities, diversity, Dung beetles, gabon, guilds, insect herbivores, parataxonomists, predictor sets, rarity, species, taxonomic resolution},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000188005900004 },
	author = {Basset, Yves and Mavoungou, Jacques F. and Mikissa, Jean Bruno and Missa, Olivier and Miller, Scott E. and Kitching, Roger L. and Alonso, Alfonso}
}
@article {1409,
	title = {Estimating the number of species not yet described and their characteristics: the case of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 99Cited References:      *STATS INC, 1999, STATISTICA COMP PROG     AKAIKE H, 1983, B INT STAT I, V50, P277     ALLSOPP PG, 1997, J BIOGEOGR, V24, P717     ANDERSON MJ, 1998, AUST J ECOL, V23, P158     ARNETT RH, 1967, ANN ENTOMOLOGICAL SO, V60, P162     ARNONE M, 1993, NATURALISTA SICILI 4, V17, P271     ARNONE M, 1995, NATURALISTA SICILIAN, V19, P447     BARAUD J, 1992, COLEOPTERES SCARABAE     BARAUD J, 1985, COLEOPTERES SCARABAE     BARROWCLOUGH GF, 1992, SYSTEMATICS ECOLOGY, P1     BENNETT KD, 1991, J BIOGEOGR, V18, P103     BLACKBURN TM, 1995, J BIOGEOGR, V22, P7     BORCARD D, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P1045     CARPANETO GM, 1985, ANIMALIA, V12, P87     CARPANETO GM, 1997, ANN MUSEO CIVICO STO, V91, P511     CARPANETO GM, 1995, BIOGEOGRAPHIA, V18, P441     CARPANETO GM, 1995, COLEOPTERA POLYPHAGA, V5     CARPANETO GM, 1979, FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGI, V15, P111     CARPANETO GM, 1976, FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGI, V12, P255     CARPANETO GM, 1980, LAVORI SOC ITALIANA, V8, P675     CHIKATUNOV V, 1997, KLAPALEKIANA, V33, P37     COPAS JB, 1983, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V45, P311     COTTERILL FPD, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V4, P183     CRAWLEY MJ, 1993, GLIM ECOLOGISTS     DANIEL C, 1980, FITTING EQUATIONS DA     DELLACASA G, 1981, ANN MUSEO CIVICO STO, V83, P443     DELLACASA G, 1992, FRUSTULA ENTOMOLOGIC, V15, P119     DELLACASA G, 1990, FRUSTULA ENTOMOLOGIC, V13, P19     DELLACASA M, 1995, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V74, P159     DELLACASA M, 1991, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V70, P3     DELLACASA M, 1988, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V67, P291     DELLACASA M, 1988, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V66, P1     DELLACASA M, 1988, MEMORIE SOC ITALIANA, V67, P1     DELLACASA M, 1987, NATURALISTA SICILI 4, V11, P1     DERKSEN S, 1992, BRIT J MATH STAT PSY, V45, P265     DIAMOND JM, 1985, NATURE, V315, P538     DOBSON A, 1999, INTRO GEN LINEAR MOD     FLATHER CH, 1996, J BIOGEOGR, V23, P155     FRANK JH, 1979, COLEOPTERISTS B, V33, P133     GASTON KJ, 1994, BIODIV LETT, V2, P16     GASTON KJ, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V4, P119     GASTON KJ, 1996, BIODIVERSITY BIOL NU     GASTON KJ, 1994, BIOL CONSERV, V67, P37     GASTON KJ, 1995, BIOL J LINN SOC, V55, P225     GASTON KJ, 1991, CONSERV BIOL, V5, P283     GASTON KJ, 1991, ECOL ENTOMOL, V16, P505     GASTON KJ, 1993, HYMENOPTERA BIODIVER     GASTON KJ, 1992, NATURE, V356, P281     GASTON KJ, 1993, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V251, P139     HAMMOND P, 1992, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY     HANSKI I, 1983, ACTA ENTOMOL FENN, V42, P36     HANSKI I, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P171     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HEARD SB, 2000, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V267, P613     HEWITT GM, 1996, BIOL J LINN SOC, V58, P247     HEYWOOD VH, 1995, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY     HOLLANDE A, 1998, MONOGRAPH MUSEO REGI, V21     HUGHES JB, 1997, SCIENCE, V278, P689     ILLIES J, 1983, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V28, P391     KRAL D, 1997, ACTA SOC ZOOLOGICAE, V61, P129     KRAL D, 1996, FOLIA HEYROVSKYANA, V4, P49     KRELL FT, 2000, NATURE, V405, P507     LAWTON JH, 1995, EXTINCTION RATES     LEGENDRE P, 1998, NUMERICAL ECOLOGY     LOBO JM, 2000, CAN ENTOMOL, V132, P307     LOBO JM, 1993, ECOL MED, V19, P29     LOBO JM, 1993, EUR J ENTOMOL, V90, P235     LOPEZCOLON JI, 1995, GIORNALE ITALIANO EN, V7, P355     LUMARET JP, 1987, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V24, P1     LUMARET JP, 1996, BIODIVERSITY LETT, V3, P192     LUMARET JP, 1996, COLLECTION PATRIMOIN, V26, P1     LUMARET JP, 1990, INVENTAIRES FAUNE FL, V1, P1     MACKAUER M, 1958, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V37, P46     MACNALLY R, 2000, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V9, P655     MARTINPIERA F, 1992, NOUVELLE REV ENTOMOL, V9, P15     MAY RM, 1988, SCIENCE, V241, P1441     MAYR E, 1993, BIOL SYSTEMATICS STA     MCCULLAGH P, 1989, GEN LINEAR MODELS     MEDELLIN RA, 1999, CONSERV BIOL, V13, P143     MIELKE PW, 1974, WATER RESOUR RES, V10, P223     NETER J, 1985, APPL LINEAR STAT MOD     NICHOLLS AO, 1989, BIOL CONSERV, V50, P51     OBRIEN CW, 1979, COLEOPTERISTS B, V33, P151     PALMER M, 1988, REUNION CIENTIFICA S, V28, P155     PATTERSON BD, 1994, BIODIVERSITY LETT, V2, P79     PATTERSON BD, 2000, DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTI, V6, P145     PITTINO R, 1996, FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGI, V27, P355     PURVIS A, 2000, SCIENCE, V288, P328     QINGHONG L, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V85, P1587     SCHOLTZ CH, 1990, J NAT HIST, V24, P1027     SKIDMORE P, 1991, INSECTS BRIT COW DUN     SOBERON J, 1993, CONSERV BIOL, V7, P480     STEYSKAL GC, 1965, SCIENCE, V149, P880     SUTTON SL, 1991, CONSERVATION INSECTS, P405     TABERLET P, 1998, MOL ECOL, V7, P453     WHITE RE, 1979, COLEOPTERISTS B, V33, P167     WHITE RE, 1975, COLEOPTERISTS B, V29, P281     ZIANI S, 1997, B SOC ENTOMOLOGICA I, V128, P197     ZIANI S, 1997, BIOCOSME MESOGEEN, V14, P1EnglishArticle620EQBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {147-166},
	abstract = {To determine the degree of completion of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species inventory, as well as to ascertain some of the main geographical and morphological characteristics associated with the probability of new species description, the available taxonomic and biogeographic information of the three Scarabaeoidea families that are associated with dung was analyzed. An asymptotic fit of the cumulative number of described species is used to estimate the approximate number of species not yet described. Variation partitioning and hierarchical decomposition techniques were used to explore the influence of body size, geographical range size and geographical location variables on the process of species description. Results indicate that the inventories of Western Palaearctic Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae species are almost complete, but that around 16\% of Aphodiidae species have yet to be described. As the joint effect of geographical distribution and location is the main determinant of the species description rate in this family, it was predicted that new dung beetle species would be found in smaller areas of the southern and eastern Western Palaearctic region. The species body size accounted for a negligible fraction in the variation of the year of description. Both the geographical range size and the geographical location are essential variables negatively correlated with the year of species description, whose pure and combined effect can account for high percentages in the year of description variation (from 41 to 56\%). The location of most of the taxonomic workforce in areas where broader-ranged generalist species prevail in the assemblages is the probable reason for this pattern.},
	keywords = {accumulation functions, body-size, conservation, discovery, diversity, evolutionary history, extinction, geographic location, geographic range size, predi, probability, probability of, regression, species description rate, taxonomy, variation partitioning},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179521400010},
	author = {Cabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1430,
	title = {Changes in food resources and conservation of scarab beetles: from sheep to dog dung in a green urban area of Rome (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {123},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {547-556},
	abstract = {The aim of the research was to show how a change in land use influences the structure of a dung beetle assemblage and affect its conservation. In the Pineto Urban Regional Park (Rome), dog dung is the sole food resource currently available for scarab dung beetles, after the recent removal of wild and domestic herbivores. A one-year sampling was conducted to study the scarab assemblage in dog scats (1999) and to compare it with the previous assemblage associated with sheep droppings (1986). Richness, evenness and similarity parameters were compared between the two allochronic assemblages. From sheep to dog dung, an impoverishment of the total richness was observed (from 19 to 9 species) together with an increase of individuals (by 7 times). Dog dung harboured 20\% of the current scarab dung beetle fauna of Rome, probably as a consequence of the dog mixed diet, rich in cellulose. Both the communities showed a high percentage of tunnellers, probably because of the food shortage and, for dog scats, of the high dehydration rate. A comparison with other Roman scarab communities enhanced that: (1) the change in food resource determined a higher difference in species composition respect to other parameters (size and habitat diversity); (2) dog dung provided a temporary refuge for species that otherwise may encounter local extinction in urban environments. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {20th-century, abundance, assemblage, biodiversity conservatiom, Carabidae, colonization, communities, community ecology, competition, diversity, dung beetle assemblages, food, habitats mammals, netherlands, resources, urban ecology},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000227958600012 },
	author = {Carpaneto, Giuseppe M. and Mazziotta, Adriano and Piattella, Emanuele}
}
@article {1432,
	title = {Fauna de Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea de Cuetzalan del Progreso, Puebla, Mexico},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {88},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {87-121},
	abstract = {In this work a comparative analysis of the scarab beetles of Cuetzalan del Progreso, Puebla, México is presented. Data were obtained from March 1998 to March 1999 in tropical rain forest, induced pasture land and secondary vegetation, between 400-1000 m above sea level. Records of 7 subfamilies, 18 subtribus, 34 genera and 63 species are presented. The greatest specific diversity corresponds to Dynastinae (21 spp), Melolonthinae (13 spp), Scarabaeidae (13 spp) and Passalinae (8 spp). The 50\% of the species are concentrated in the genera: Phyllophaga (9 spp), Cyclocephala (9 spp), Onthophagus (5 spp), Ataenius (3 spp), Passalus (3 spp) and Anomala (2 spp). We present a parsimony analysis of endemicity in order to know the relationships between the fauna of Cuetzalan and other Mexican localities. The fauna of Cuetzalan de Progreso is closely related to the fauna of the humid mountains of the northeast of Hidalgo. A key to the taxa found in Cuetzalan del Progreso is included. },
	keywords = {diversity, Mexico, Scarabaeidae, Sierra Madre Oriental, taxonomy},
	author = {Carrillo-Ruiz, Hortensia and Moron, Miguel-Angel}
}
@article {1467,
	title = {Dung beetle abundance and diversity in the Malay Basin, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo},
	journal = {Malayan Nature Journal},
	volume = {52},
	number = {3 \& 4},
	year = {1998},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {181-191},
	keywords = {beta diversity, biomass mammals, diversity, mammals, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Davis, Andrew J.}
}
@article {1470,
	title = {Does reduced-impact logging help preserve biodiversity in tropical rainforests? A case study from Borneo using dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) as indicators},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {digital copyhard copy},
	pages = {467-475},
	abstract = {The role of reduced-impact logging on the preservation of biodiversity in tropical lowland dipterocarp rainforest is examined by looking at differences in dung beetle community structure between two sites logged in 1993: one harvested using reduced-impact methods and one using conventional techniques. Collections were made using two night intercept traps over 7 d, and samples were compared with previous collections made from primary forest (riverine and interior-forest) and older forest logged using conventional techniques (logged in 1981). Of the two 1993 sites, the higher diversity and species richness (S = 57, n = 969, alpha = 13.23, H{\textquoteright} = 3.24) was recorded in the forest logged using reduced-impact techniques: the conventionally logged site had both lower diversity and species richness (S = 18. n = 1968, alpha = 8.88, H{\textquoteright} = 1.89), and lacked some primary forest specialists present in the reduced-impact forest samples. The dung beetle community in the 1993 conventional logged site is similar to that of the conventional logging site harvested in 1981. Primary forest has a well-defined ecotone, from interior to riverine forest: both 1993 sites contain a mixture of interior-forest and riverine specialists that are usually spatially separated along this ecotone. Although the dung beetle assemblage in the forest harvested by reduced-impact logging is more similar to a primary interior-forest assemblage than the conventionally logged site, both 1993 sites have assemblages that are closer in similarity to assemblages from primary-riverine habitat than they are to ones from primary interior-forest. However, because the forest logged using reduced-impact logging techniques has a more equitable and diverse dung beetle assemblage and a greater number of interior-forest specialists than the conventionally logged site, this study suggests that reduced-impact logging has better preserved the primary forest assemblage than conventional logging techniques.},
	keywords = {diversity, ecotone (biological conservation 2007), edge effects, modification, selective logging},
	author = {Davis, Andrew J.}
}
@article {1496,
	title = {Dung beetle diversity in South Africa: influential factors, conservation status, data inadequacies and survey design},
	journal = {African Entomology},
	volume = {10},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 65Cited References:      *STATSOFT INC, 1995, STATISTICA WIND COMP     *WEATH BUR, 1965, CLIM S AFR 8     BOND WJ, 1994, S AFR J SCI, V90, P391     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1971, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V11, P133     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1979, S AFR J SCI, V75, P257     CAMBEFORT Y, 1982, ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR, V18, P433     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P51     CINCOTTA RP, 2000, NATURE, V404, P990     COWLING RM, 1992, ECOLOGY FYNBOS NUTR, P23     DAVIES ALV, 1999, J BIOGEOGR, V26, P1039     DAVIS ALV, 1995, ACTA OECOL, V16, P641     DAVIS ALV, 1997, AFR J ECOL, V35, P10     DAVIS ALV, 1996, AFR J ECOL, V34, P258     DAVIS ALV, 1994, AFR J ECOL, V32, P192     DAVIS ALV, 1993, AFR J ECOL, V31, P306     DAVIS ALV, 2001, DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTI, V7, P161     DAVIS ALV, 1989, ECOL ENTOMOL, V14, P11     DAVIS ALV, IN PRESS GLOBAL ECOL     DAVIS ALV, 1996, J AFR ZOOL, V110, P291     DAVIS ALV, 1993, J AM ZOOL, V107, P397     DAVIS ALV, 2001, J NAT HIST, V35, P1607     DAVIS ALV, 1994, J NAT HIST, V28, P383     DAVIS ALV, 1996, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V40, P260     DEAN WRJ, 1995, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V37, P103     DEMELLO FZV, 1998, COLEOPTERISTS B, V52, P209     DENT MC, 1989, 109189 WRC     DOUBE BM, 1990, B ENTOMOL RES, V80, P259     DOUBE BM, 1983, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P357     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P383     EDWARDS PB, 1986, B ENTOMOL RES, V76, P433     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     FAIRBANKS DHK, 2000, S AFR J SCI, V96, P69     FERREIRA MC, 1972, REV ENT MOCAM, V11, P5     FINCHER GT, 1970, J PARASITOL, V56, P378     GASTON KJ, 1999, OIKOS, V86, P584     GILL BD, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P211     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1974, QUAEST ENTOMOL, V10, P223     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P305     HOWDEN HF, 1975, BIOTROPICA, V7, P77     HOWDEN HF, 1987, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V50, P155     INOUCHI J, 1986, CHEM SENSES, V11, P286     JANKIELSOHN A, 2001, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V30, P474     KOCH SO, 2000, J INSECT CONSERVATIO, V4, P45     KRELL FT, 1999, AFR ENTOMOL, V7, P287     LEGENDRE L, 1983, NUMERICAL ECOLOGY     LOW AB, 1996, VEGETATION S AFRICA     NEALIS VG, 1977, CAN J ZOOL, V55, P138     PHILIPS TK, 2001, AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY, V8, P227     REID WV, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P275     REYERS B, 2000, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V267, P505     SCHOLTZ CH, 1987, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V50, P75     SCHOLTZ CH, 1987, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V50, P121     SHIBUYA, 1982, JAPANESE J APPL ENTO, V26, P194     STEENKAMP HE, 1996, BIOL CONSERV, V78, P305     TYSON PD, 1986, CLIMATIC CHANGE VARI     VANJAARSVELD AS, 1998, SCIENCE, V279, P2106     VANRENSBURG BJ, 1999, BIOL CONSERV, V88, P145     WALTER H, 1964, KLIMADIAGRAMM WELTAT     WALTER P, 1983, B SOC ZOOLOGIQUE FRA, V108, P397     WATERHOUSE DF, 1974, SCI AM, V230, P101     WESSELS KJ, 1998, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V7, P1093     WILLIAMS P, 2000, BELGIAN J ENTOMOL, V2, P21     WILLIAMS P, 1996, CONSERV BIOL, V10, P155EnglishArticle563GBAFR ENTOMOL},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {53-65},
	abstract = {Dung beetles are useful as indicators in conservation and global warming studies owing to their specialized regional and local distribution patterns. However, existing South African data are inadequate for indication at the necessary degree of spatial resolution. To improve the database, Survey methods need to Lie designed according to the spatial and temporal factors that influence dung beetle diversity. Across four major climatic regions, there are seven principal species distribution centres for dung beetles in which activity is influenced primarily by difference, in rainfall seasonality and temperature, Across these regions, generic endemism is largely concentrated around the coastline and in montane areas. The conservation status of endemic genera is discussed. At a local scale, spatial diversity is influenced primarily by soil, vegetation and dung type. Maximum local diversity of dung beetles is observed after rainfall and decreases as surface conditions become warmer and drier. After workshop discussions, a coarse-grained, asymmetrical gradsect survey grid has been designed according to vegetative, climatic and land-usage gradients across South Africa. It is suggested that each survey point across these regional gradients should comprise a quarter-degree square in which local ecological gradients should be surveyed for invertebrates, Baited pitfall trapping is an easy method to provide quantitative data for dung beetles across such environmental gradients. Lining up each catch on a tray provides a relatively quick way to compare the specimens, identify the species present, and provide a quantitative assessment of species abundance. Data collection may be conducted on one or more occasion., to accommodate seasonal and daily variation in species occurrence. This exercise could identify localities suitable for ecotourism reserves representative of the variation in ecotypes across the country, particularly, in coastal, natural grass and wooded regions, where many invertebrate taxa are endangered by habitat fragmentation including some rare dung beetle species.},
	keywords = {associations, biodiversity hotspots, COLEOPTERA, community, consequences, conservation, diversity, Dung, habitat fragmentation, hydrophilidae, populations, s str, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, south africa, staphylinidae, survey},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000176247000006},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1581,
	title = {Diversidad de Coleopteros coprofagos (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en un mosaico de habitats en la reserva natural Nunak, Guaviare, Colombia},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {103-121},
	keywords = {Amazon, Colombia, diversity, dung beetle, Scarabaeinae, spatial heterogeneity},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico}
}
@article {1587,
	title = {Altitudinal variation of dung beetle (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblages in the Colombian Andes},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {327-337},
	keywords = {Altitudinal distribution, Colombian Andes, composition, diversity, Dung beetles, Scarabaeinae, species co-occurrence},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico and Lobo, Jorge M. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1707,
	title = {Patrones de diversidad de grupos selectos de insectos en el bosque Chiquitano y pampas del cerrado de Santiago y Tucavaca, Santa Cruz, Bolivia},
	journal = {Revista Boliviana de Ecologia y Conservacion Ambiental},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {37-46},
	abstract = {As part of a biological survey of Eastern Santa Cruz, four insect indicator groups (dung beetles, Scarabaeidae; tiger beetles, Cicindelidae; tabanid dipterans, Tabanidae; and diurnal butterf l i e s , Rhopalocera) were assessed at different sites and habitats in the Serranía de Santiago and in the Valle de Tucavaca. Using four trap types, 14 211 insect specimens, belonging to 102 dung beetle species, 18 tiger beetle species, 16 tabanid species, and 83 butterfly species were collected and classified during 21 sampling days. Among the five habitats that were sampled, the semi-deciduous Chiquitano forest and the riverine forest showed higher species richness of dung beetles and butterflies than the Cerrado savannas and other habitats. Some taxa of dung beetles and butterflies were classified as habitat specialists, while fewer ones were classified as generalists. Preliminary data suggest that regional diversity depends more on movement of species between sites than on species richness of different habitats at each site. We discuss the limitations of this study and present recommendations for future surveys. },
	keywords = {Bolivia, Chiquitano forest, diversity, indicator species, insects},
	author = {Gutierrez, Teresa and Rumiz, Damian}
}
@inbook {1711,
	title = {Variaci{\'o}n de la diversidad en especies de Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) como respuesta a la antropizaci{\'o}n de un paisaje tropical},
	booktitle = {T{\'o}picos sobre Coleoptera de M{\'e}xico},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {35-53},
	publisher = {Universidad de Guadalajara{\textemdash}Universidad Aut{\'o}noma del Estado de Morelos},
	organization = {Universidad de Guadalajara{\textemdash}Universidad Aut{\'o}noma del Estado de Morelos},
	address = {Guadelajara, M{\'e}xico},
	keywords = {community, conservation (biological conservation 2007), deforestation, diversity, microclimate, modification, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo and Arellano, Lucrecia},
	editor = {Navarrete-Heredia, J. L. and Fierros Lop{\'e}z, H. E. and Burgos-Solorio, A.}
}
@article {1852,
	title = {Altitudinal change of fauna, diversity and food preference of dung and carrion beetles on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo},
	journal = {Tropics},
	volume = {7},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {123-132},
	keywords = {Altitudinal distribution, Borneo, diversity, dung beetle, food preference, Mt. Kinabalu},
	author = {Kikuta, Toru and Gunsalam, Gunik and Kon, Masahiro and Ochi, Teruo}
}
@article {1934,
	title = {Modelling the species richness distribution of French dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) and delimiting the predictive capacity of different groups of explanatory variables},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
	volume = {11},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {265-277},
	abstract = {Aim To predict French Scarabaeidae dung beetle species richness distribution, and to determine the possible underlying causal factors. Location The entire French territory has been studied by dividing it into 301 grid cells of 0.72 x 0.36 degrees. Method Species richness distribution was predicted using generalized linear models to relate the number of species with spatial, topographic and climate variables in grid squares previously identified as well sampled (n = 66). The predictive function includes the curvilinear relationship between variables, interaction terms and the significant third-degree polynomial terms of latitude and longitude. The final model was validated by a jack-knife procedure. The underlying causal factors were investigated by partial regression analysis, decomposing the variation in species richness among spatial, topographic and climate type variables. Results The final model accounts for 86.2\% of total deviance, with a mean jack-knife predictive error of 17.7\%. The species richness map obtained highlights the Mediterranean as the region richest in species, and the less well-explored south-western region as also being species-rich. The largest fraction of variability (38\%) in the number of species is accounted for by the combined effect of the three groups of explanatory variables. The spatially structured climate component explains 21\% of variation, while the pure climate and pure spatial components explain 14\% and 11\%, respectively. The effect of topography was negligible. Conclusions Delimiting the adequately inventoried areas and elaborating forecasting models using simple environmental variables can rapidly produce an estimate of the species richness distribution. Scarabaeidae species richness distribution seems to be mainly influenced by temperature. Minimum mean temperature is the most influential variable on a local scale, while maximum and mean temperature are the most important spatially structured variables. We suggest that species richness variation is mainly conditioned by the failure of many species to go beyond determined temperature range limits.},
	keywords = {auto, biodiversity, conservation biology, determinants, diversity, Dung beetles, environmental components, France, modelling distributions, northern finland, patterns, scale, species richness, species richness distribution, variance partitioning, wildlife},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000176648100001},
	author = {Lobo, J. M. and Lumaret, J. P. and Jay-Robert, P.}
}
@article {1935,
	title = {Between-group differences in the Iberian dung beetle species-area relationship (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {6},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Nov-Dec},
	pages = {587-597},
	abstract = {Between-group alpha- and beta-diversity differences were derived from species-area relationships fitted to field data. The accuracy of spatial richness variation predictions based on area size was also checked. The log-log model (log S = c + z log A) was found to be the best-fit linear model, with slopes (z) ranging from 0.089 to 0.142. Between-group comparisons of z (slope) and q (intercept) parameters, using the S = q + cA(Z) curvilinear regression model, corroborated early results, indicating a lower beta-diversity (slope) for Scarabaeinae than for Geotrupinae and Aphodiinae. The latter group, probably more sensitive to environmental heterogeneity, should contribute more to species richness in large areas. alpha-Diversity is greater for Aphodiinae, more relevant to local diversity (1 km(2)), than for Scarabaeinae and considerably greater for these two groups than for Geotrupinae. As earlier results show that the richness of a single dung pat is rather more a function of the Scarabaeinae species pool, richness on dung pat scales is probably due more to the between-dropping mobile Scarabaeinae, while Aphodiinae contribute mainly to local and regional pool richness. Nearly 88 \% of the total richness variance is explained by area size. This percentage decreases to 37 \% when the spatial structure of area size and species number are extracted. The corresponding figures for Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae and Geotrupinae are 44, 22 and 31 \%, respectively. (C) 1999 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.},
	keywords = {APHODIUS SCARABAEIDAE, beta-diversity, CURVES, diversity, Dung beetles, Iberian, Peninsula, richness comparison, Scarabaeidae, species-area},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000084618100002 },
	author = {Lobo, J. M. and Martin-Piera, F.}
}
@article {1951,
	title = {Ecosystem disturbances and diversity increase: implications for invertebrate conservation},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {25-42},
	abstract = {Abstract. The Pantanal is one of the faunistic provinces considered as a priority area for inverte- brate conservation. However, it is one of the areas in Brazil where the local fauna is less assessed, thus needing more scientific information that could allow political decisions to be made regarding conservation. The continuous pressure for new pasture areas leads to improper habitat occupation and destruction, like fragmentation of forest areas in the region. Such alterations can cause different impacts on the local fauna, including the soil arthropods. The main objective of this work was to compare the morphospecies composition, diversity and density of the soil arthropod fauna between a secondary single species forest (Cambarazal) and a cultivated pasture with exotic and native grass species, using only pitfall traps as sampling method. We found a great variation on the vegetal cover among environments. A higher humidity in the forest soil was observed, as well as a greater com- paction of the soil in the cultivated pasture. A total of 3635 individuals were collected, belonging to 214 different morphospecies. 139 morphospecies were collected in the forest (37\% exclusive to this environment), while 134 morphospecies were collected in the cultivated pasture (35\% exclusive). The diversity was higher in the forest (H{\textcent} = 1.634) than in the cultivated pasture (H{\textcent} = 1.253). How- ever, considering the area as a whole (forest and pasture) the global diversity was increased. In this paper we discuss about the effects of environmental changes on soil arthropod diversity and propose a hypothetical model for invertebrate management in mosaic ecosystems.},
	keywords = {conservation, diversity, Ecosystem disturbances, Management, Neotropics, pantanal, Soil Arthropods},
	author = {Loyola, Rafael Dias and Brito, Sofia-Luiza and Lopes Ferreira, Rodrigo}
}
@article {2004,
	title = {Diversity and habitat use of dung beetles in a restored Andean landscape},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {181-187},
	keywords = {Andes, Colombia, diversity, dung beetle, habitat use, landscape, restoration, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Medina, Claudia A. and Escobar S. , Federico and Kattan, Gustavo H.}
}
@article {2009,
	title = {Coleoptera associated with undisturbed cow pats in pastures in southeastern Brazil},
	journal = {Neotropical Entomology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {6},
	year = {2006},
	month = {nov/dec},
	pages = {715-723},
	abstract = {Coleoptera associated to undisturbed cattle droppings in pastures present great diversity and abundance. Several species are of primary veterinary importance for they may act as natural enemies of pest insects that breed in this habitat. To survey the diversity and abundance of Coleoptera associated to undisturbed cattle droppings, four undisturbed cattle dung pats naturally dropped in pastures and 5 cm of the soil immediately beneath them were collected almost allweekly from april 1992 to april 1994 in a farm located in the vicinity of São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Beetles were collected from the pats both using Berlese funnels and by allowing the beetles to emerge for 30 to 40 days. A total of 24,332 specimens belonging to 13 beetle families and at least 66 species were identifi ed. The most abundant and diverse families were Aphodiidae, Staphylinidae and Scarabaeidae. In general, the Coleoptera were more abundant in the warmer and wet period, from October to March, with a few exceptions. The importance of the beetles, both as horn fl y natural enemies and as cattle dung decaying agents, is discussed.},
	keywords = {biological control, cattle dung, diversity, dung beetle},
	author = {Mendes, Julio and Linhares, A. X.}
}
@article {2080,
	title = {Diversidad de escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en un bosque de galeria con tres estadios de alteracion},
	journal = {Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Javeriana, Bogota},
	volume = {12},
	number = {ed. especi},
	year = {2007},
	month = {jan/june},
	pages = {51-63},
	abstract = {In a gallery forest in the oriental flat lands of Meta-Colombia, dung beetles associated to three sections inside a forest with different times of alteration by deforestation (50, 5 and 1 year) were studied. Pitfall traps were used to data collection. Richness, abundance and diversity of species were calculated, during the rain season. 2358 individuals of 22 species were captured. For the three sections Canthidium cupreum was the most dominant species. 27,3\% from the total species is specific from a section, 40,9\% was found in two of the three sections, and 31,8\% is generalists. Brillouin index showed that the forest section of 5 years of alteration has the highest diversity with 1233 individuals and 16 species, followed by the forest section of 1 year with 607 individuals and 14 species and finally the forest section of 50 years with 518 individuals and 15 species. These results indicate that a proportional relation among conservation of a forest and dung beetles diversity does not exist, and suggests a positive correlation among transformed areas and high diversity index results. Probably selective deforestation is contributing to conserve dung beetles populations inside this ecosystem, and also to maintain functional processes for this kind of forests. },
	keywords = {alteration, diversity, gallery forest, Orinoquia., Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Noriega, Jorge and Realpe, E. and Fagua, Giovanny}
}
@article {2085,
	title = {Log-normal distribution of species abundances is not a universal indicator of rain forest disturbance},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 27Cited References:      BAZZAZ FA, 1975, ECOLOGY, V56, P485     BEALL G, 1935, ECOLOGY, V16, P216     DELONG DM, 1932, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V25, P13     GRAY JS, 1979, MAR POLLUT B, V10, P142     GRAY JS, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P53     HILL JK, 1998, IN PRESS J APPL ECOL, V35     HILL JK, 1995, J APPL ECOL, V32, P754     JANZEN DH, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P661     KREBS CJ, 1989, ECOLOGICAL METHODOLO     LANGDALEBROWN I, 1964, VEGETATION UGANDA     LINDHOLM T, 1983, SILVA FENNICA, V17, P289     MAY RM, 1975, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION CO, P81     NUMMELIN M, 1992, AFR J ECOL, V30, P213     NUMMELIN M, 1991, AFRICAN J ECOLOGY, V30, P10     NUMMELIN M, 1989, FAUNA NORVEGICA B, V36, P17     NUMMELIN M, 1989, J TROP ECOL, V5, P349     NUMMELIN M, 1992, TROP ZOOL, V5, P155     NUMMELIN M, 1996, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V37, P201     PATRICK R, 1973, ASTM STP, V528, P76     RITCHIE M, 1986, INT S TROP ENT NAIR     SKORUPA JP, 1984, ORYX, V18, P96     STRUHSAKER TT, 1997, ECOLOGY AFRICAN RAIN     SUGIHARA G, 1980, AM NAT, V116, P770     TOKESHI M, 1993, ADV ECOL RES, V24, P111     VANDERMAAREL E, 1971, SCI MANAGEMENT ANIMA, P45     WHITTAKER RH, 1975, COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTE     WHITTAKER RH, 1965, SCIENCE, V147, P250EnglishArticle122YZJ APPL ECOL},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {454-457},
	abstract = {1. The fit to log-normal distribution of species abundances of grasshoppers, ladybird beetles, tortoise beetles and dung beetles and forest floor vegetation in unlogged and selectively felled sites in Kibale Forest, western Uganda was analysed. It was shown that the fit to log-normal distribution cannot be used as a straightforward universal indicator of rainforest disturbance.},
	keywords = {bioindicator, community structure, diversity, kibale forest, logging, patterns, tropical forest management, Uganda, virgin},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076100200009},
	author = {Nummelin, M.}
}
@article {2114,
	title = {The diversity of dung beetles in different ecology in Sakaerat Biosphere, Northeast Thailand},
	year = {Submitted},
	abstract = {The population dynamic and  diversity of dung beetles in different ecosystems (Agroecosystem, Reforestation, Disturbed diciduous-dipterocarp forest,  Dry-evergreen forest,  Plantation, and Undisturbed diciduous-dipterocarp forest) in Sakaerat Biosphere, Northeast  Thailand, was monitored by using pig dung bait pitfall traps. Each habitat  had  two 20 x 20 m2 plots with 5 traps /plot. Traps were placed 2 months interval between April 2000 - June 2002.  A total of 117 species from 22,177 individuals in 11 genera (Aphodius Caccobius Cassolus Catharsius Copris Onthphagus Paragymnopleurus Panellus Phacosoma Sisyphus and Synapsis) were collected from the research sites. Among those, 94 species had already been identified while 23 species were unknown. Different degree of ecosystem had effects on the dung beetles species richness and abundance. According to the Fisher{\textquoteright}s Index, the dung beetles spechies diversity was highest in reforestation while the dung beetles species diversity in the other habitat types (Agroecosystem, Disturbed diciduous-dipterocarp forest and Undisterbed diciduous-dipterocarp forest) were not significantly different.},
	keywords = {diversity, dung beetle},
	author = {Praikhiaw, Mongkhon and Hanboonsong, Yupa and Keerati-kasikorn, Manochai}
}
@article {2117,
	title = {Escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) del Parque Nacional Natural "Serrania de Chiribiquete", Caqueta, Colombia (Parte I)},
	journal = {m3m: Monografias Tercer Milenio},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {51-58},
	abstract = {Within the project {\textquotedblleft}Elaboration and implementation of the management plan of the Chiribiquete Natural Park{\textquotedblright} dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae) are being used  as an indicator group and also to establish similarities or differences between the landscape units of the Chiribiquete Natural Park. The results of the preliminary paper are given, which include  the first two expeditions launched  to the Mesay river basin, with five landscape units, and to the Sararamano river basin, with six landscape units. These landscape units were established with satellite images identified by color. A total of 4,620 individuals from 61 species and 14 genera were collected; there are differences, for  the richness and diversity values, between landscape units, and also the complementarity index shows differences between  some landscape units. Seven new species are new records for the Colombian Guyana region. },
	keywords = {Chiribiquete, diversity, Dung beetles, landscape, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Pulido Herrera, Luz Astrid and Riveros Canas, Raul Antonio and Gast Harders, Fernando and von Hildebrand, Patricio}
}
@article {2156,
	title = {Composicao e diversidade de Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) atraidos por armadilha de luz em area rural no norte do Parana, Brasil},
	journal = {Iheringia, Servicio Zoologico do Porto Alegre},
	volume = {96},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {103-108},
	abstract = { The most devastated environments in the State of Paraná are those with great agricultural potential, and most human interference actions on the environment are seldom preceded by a careful study of the fauna, which would reveal the diversity and abundance of animals in these areas.  This study aimed to describe the Scarabaeoidea fauna attracted by light traps in rural areas of the Tamarana County, Paraná, Brazil, and to contribute to the ecological knowledge on species of this group. The sampling was carried out quarterly, from March 2002 to April 2003,  in two rural  properties, using a modified {\textquotedblleft}Luiz de Queiroz{\textquotedblright} light trap.  The light traps captured 2447 specimens, distributed into 10 families, 24 genera  and 67 species. The three most abundant species were also the most frequent: Aphodius lividus (Olivier, 1789), Melolonthidae sp. 1 e Ataenius  sp. 5. The highest A. lividus population density occurred in April, fall season, whereas Melolonthidae sp. 1 and Ataeucus were most frequently found in Octubre and November, spring. The majority of the species were represented by few individuals (H{\textquoteright}= 1,74), and the distribution of individuals species was relatively uniform (J{\textquoteright}= 0,95; S=0,20). A large number of families was recorded, and they were represented by few individuals. There was a predominance of families of detritivores - Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Hybosoridae and phytophagus - Melolonthidae, Dynastidae and Rutilidae. The study collected  25 detritivore species among the 1422 specimen recorded. },
	keywords = {diversity, light trap., rural area, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Ronqui, Daniele C. and Lopes, Jose}
}
@article {2163,
	title = {Distribution and abundance of dung beetles in fragmented landscapes},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {127},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	note = {digital \& hard copy copy},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {69-77},
	abstract = {Related species utilising similar resources are often assumed to show similar spatial population structures and dynamics. This paper reports substantial ecological variation within a set of Aphodius dung beetles occurring in the same patchily distributed resource, livestock dung in pastures. We show how variation in habitat and resource selectivity, in the rate of movements between pastures, and in the distribution of local population sizes all contribute to interspecific differences in spatial population structures. Local dung beetle assemblages are compared between two landscapes with different densities of pastures. In one of the landscapes, we contrast the abundances and regional distributions of Aphodius before and after 15 years of rapid habitat loss. Different species show very dissimilar responses to changes in the structure of the landscape. Our results suggest that generalist Aphodius species, and specialist species with high dispersal powers, occur as large "patchy" populations in the landscape. In contrast? a strict pasture specialist species with limited dispersal powers (A. pusillus) forms classical metapopulations. At the community level, interspecific differences in spatial population structures make the local community composition a function of the structure of the surrounding landscape.},
	keywords = {aphodius, APHODIUS SCARABAEIDAE, assemblage, COLEOPTERA, community, diversity, dynamics, europe mammals, habitat loss, metapopulation, patchy, population, resource utilization, serpentine, spatial population structure, stability},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000167629200008},
	author = {Roslin, T. and Koivunen, A.}
}
@article {2218,
	title = {Biogeographic crossroads as priority areas for biodiversity conservation},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {6},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 61Cited References:      BALMFORD A, 1995, CONSERV BIOL, V9, P1539     BATES JM, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P112     BROOKS DR, 1992, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V7, P55     BROOKS T, 2000, NATURE, V403, P26     BROWN JH, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P255     BROWN JH, 1995, MACROECOLOGY     CHANNELL R, 2000, NATURE, V403, P84     DALLMEIER F, 1996, MANU DIVERSITY SE PE, P61     DAVIS FW, 1996, BIOSCIENCE, V46, P74     DINERSTEIN E, 1995, CONSERVATION ASSESSM     EDMONDS WD, 1994, REVISION PHANAEUS MA     EDMONDS WD, 1972, U KANSAS SCI B, V49, P731     EMMONS LH, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P129     ENSERINK M, 1997, SCIENCE, V276, P1791     ERWIN TL, 1996, MANU BIODIVERSITY SE, P359     ERWIN TL, 1991, SCIENCE, V253, P750     FELGER RS, 1994, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEM, P36     FJELDSA J, 1997, TROPICAL FOREST REMN, P466     FOREMAN D, 2000, WILD EARTH SPR, P11     FORSYTH AB, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P181     FREITAG S, 1997, BIOL CONSERV, V82, P263     HALFFTER G, 1993, BIOL INT, V27, P15     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     HARVEY MB, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P144     HOLDRIDGE LR, 1967, LIFE ZONE ECOLOGY     JOHNSON N, 1995, BIODIVERSITY BALANCE     KERR JT, 1997, CONSERV BIOL, V11, P1094     KILLEEN TJ, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P61     KITCHING IJ, 1996, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V5, P841     KREMEN C, 1993, CONSERV BIOL, V7, P796     LOMOLINO MV, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P481     LOMOLINO MV, 1995, J MAMMAL, V76, P335     MARGULES CR, 2000, NATURE, V405, P243     MAYR E, 1963, ANIMAL SPECIES EVOLU     MCKENZIE NL, 1989, BIOL CONSERV, V50, P231     MITTERMEIER RA, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P516     MYERS N, 2000, NATURE, V403, P853     OLIVER I, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P822     OLSON DM, 1998, CONSERV BIOL, V12, P502     PEARSON DL, 1992, CONSERV BIOL, V6, P376     PEARSON DL, 1999, J BIOGEOGR, V26, P1079     POGUE MG, 1996, MANU BIODIVERSITY SE, P313     PRENDERGAST JR, 1999, CONSERV BIOL, V13, P484     PRENDERGAST JR, 1997, ECOGRAPHY, V20, P210     PRENDERGAST JR, 1993, NATURE, V365, P335     PRESSEY RL, 1993, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V8, P124     REID WV, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P275     REMSEN V, 1995, BIRD CONSERV INT, V5, P181     RICKETTS TH, 1999, BIOSCIENCE, V49, P369     RODRIGUES ASL, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P1453     ROTHLEY KD, 1999, ECOL APPL, V9, P741     SARMIENTO J, 1998, BIOL ASSESSMENT PARQ, P167     SCHNEIDER CJ, 1999, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V96, P13869     SMITH TB, 1997, SCIENCE, V276, P1855     SPECTOR S, 1998, CONSERVATION CHANGIN, P181     VANEWRIGHT RI, 1991, BIOL CONSERV, V55, P235     WARSHALL P, 1994, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEM, P408     WHITTAKER RH, 1972, TAXON, V21, P213     WIKRAMANAYAKE E, 1998, BIODIVERSITY ASSESSM     WILLIAMS P, 1996, CONSERV BIOL, V10, P155     WILLIAMS PH, 1996, BIOL J LINN SOC, V58, P125EnglishArticle618LTCONSERV BIOL},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {1480-1487},
	abstract = {Threats to biodiversity outpace the resources of the conservation community and necessitate careful prioritization of conservation actions. I suggest that targeting the regions where biogeographic assemblages intersect - " biogeographic crossroads" - is a strategy that may achieve significant conservation economy by focusing on areas that satisfy many conservation criteria. I used a combination of data on Scarabaeine beetles in Bolivia and on other taxa and locations from the literature to consider the short- and long-term benefits of conserving these biogeographic crossroads. Biogeographic crossroads are areas of high species richness and beta diversity, often across many taxonomic groups. They are also regions where representativeness can be achieved with relative efficiency. Recent evidence that ecotones may be loci of evolution suggests that evolutionary processes such as speciation and coevolution may be conserved at biogeographic crossroads. Biogeographic crossroads appear to be areas of high conservation priority and opportunity in both the short and long term and require increased attention in the process of setting conservation priorities.},
	keywords = {assemblages, complementary areas, congruence, diversity, forest, hotspots, patterns, species richness, strategies, tiger beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179420100009},
	author = {Spector, S.}
}
@article {2329,
	title = {Species composition and diversity of scarab beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) communities at Dongling Mountain, Beijing},
	journal = {Biodiversity Science},
	volume = {11},
	number = {3},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {179-187},
	keywords = {diversity, Dogling mountain, habitat, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Xiao-Dong, Yu and Tian-Hong, Luo and Hong-Zhang, Zhou}
}
