@article {1406, title = {Visual cues used by ball-rolling dung beetles for orientation}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology a-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology}, volume = {189}, number = {6}, year = {2003}, note = {Times Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 27Cited References: BARTHOLOMEW GA, 1978, J EXP BIOL, V73, P65 BERNON G, 1981, THESIS U BOWLING GRE BRANDON SGF, 1985, ILLUSTRATED ENCY MYT, P2488 BURKOW G, 1953, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V2 CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY CAMPAN R, 1997, ORIENTATION COMMUNIC COLLETT M, 2000, BIOL CYBERN, V83, P245 COLLETT TS, 2000, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V10, P757 FRAENKEL GS, 1961, ORIENTATION ANIMALS FRANTSEVICH L, 1977, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V121, P253 GEISLER M, 1961, Z TIERPSYCHOL, V18, P389 HEINRICH B, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P489 LEHRER M, 1996, J EXP BIOL, V199, P253 LEHRER M, 1997, ORIENTATION COMMUNIC LEHRER M, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P3275 MATTHEWS EG, 1963, PSYCHE, V70, P75 PARDI L, 1953, Z VERGL PHYSIOL, V35, P459 SATO H, 1987, ECOL ENTOMOL, V12, P415 SRINIVASAN MV, 1999, VISION RES, V39, P2749 TOMKINS JL, 1999, J ZOOL 4, V248, P483 TRIBE GD, 1975, S AFR J SCI, V71, P277 UGOLINI A, 1993, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V5, P489 VONFRISCH K, 1967, DANCE LANGUAGE ORIEN WATERMAN TH, 1989, ANIMAL NAVIGATION WEHNER R, 1984, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V29, P277 YBARRONDO BA, 1996, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V69, P35 ZAR JH, 1996, BIOSTATISTICAL ANALEnglishArticleJ COMP PHYSIOL A698TV}, month = {Jun}, pages = {411-418}, abstract = {Ball rolling by dung beetles is considered to be a derived behaviour that evolved under pressure for space, and from competitors at the dung pat. Straight-line orientation away from the pat using a celestial cue should be the most successful rolling strategy to move dung to an unknown burial site. We tested this hypothesis in the field and the laboratory by presenting five species of ball-rolling beetles with different orientation tasks, involving reaction to obstacles as well as to reflected sunlight and artificial light sources. Beetles were found to consistently orientate along a chosen route, usually in the direction of the sun. Beetles rolling dung balls successfully negotiated barriers and returned to the original path as did beetles falling from ramps, or rotated about a fixed point while rolling a ball. The sun was found to be the main orientation cue, which could be substituted by reflected or artificial light. However, beetles reoriented themselves less accurately in response to lights in the laboratory, than they did to the reflected sun in the field. It is probable that phototactic orientation using the sun, which is widespread amongst arthropods, has been incorporated in the straight-line foraging behaviour that has evolved in ball-rolling dung beetles.}, keywords = {celestial cue, foraging, insects, kheper nigroaeneus coleoptera, navigation, path integration, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, visual orientation}, url = {://000184015600002}, author = {Byrne, M. and Dacke, M. and Nordstrom, P. and Scholtz, C. and Warrant, E.} } @article {1460, title = {Lunar orientation in a beetle}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences}, volume = {271}, number = {1537}, year = {2004}, note = {Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 39Cited References: ABLE KP, 1980, ANIMAL MIGRATION ORI, P283 ABLE KP, 1989, J EXP BIOL, V141, P241 BAKER RR, 1987, ANIM BEHAV, V35, P94 BATSCHELET E, 1981, CIRCULAR STAT BIOL BISCH SM, 1999, THESIS RHEINISCHEN F BLUM M, 2000, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V186, P119 BRINES ML, 1982, J EXP BIOL, V96, P69 BYRNE M, 2003, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V189, P411 DACKE M, 1999, NATURE, V401, P470 DACKE M, 2002, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V188, P211 DACKE M, 2003, J EXP BIOL, V206, P1535 DACKE M, 2003, NATURE, V424, P33 FERGUSON DE, 1965, COPEIA, V1, P58 FREAKE MJ, 1999, J EXP BIOL, V202, P1159 GAL J, 2001, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V106, P22647 HERZMANN D, 1989, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V165, P315 JANDER R, 1957, Z VERGL PHYSIOL, V40, P162 KERFOOT WB, 1967, ANIM BEHAV, V15, P479 LABHART T, 1980, J COMP PHYSL, V141, P19 LABHART T, 1986, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V158, P1 LABHART T, 1999, MICROSC RES TECHNIQ, V47, P368 LABHART T, 2001, J EXP BIOL, V204, P2423 LEUTHOLD RH, 1976, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V1, P127 MCINTYRE P, 1998, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V183, P45 NILSSON DE, 1987, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V161, P645 PARDI L, 1954, Z TIERPSYCHOL, V11, P175 SNYDER AW, 1973, J COMP PHYSL, V83, P331 SOTTHIBANDHU S, 1979, ANIM BEHAV, V27, P786 STRUTT JW, 1871, PHILOS MAG, V41, P107 TONGIORGI P, 1970, B MUS NAT HIST NATUR, V41, P243 UGOLINI A, 1996, BEHAV PROCESS, V36, P151 UGOLINI A, 1999, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V184, P9 UGOLINI A, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P749 UGOLINI A, 2003, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V270, P279 WATERMAN TH, 1981, HDB SENSORY PHYSL, V7, P281 WEHNER R, 1975, J COMP PHYSL, V104, P225 WEHNER R, 1984, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V29, P277 WEHNER R, 1989, J EXP BIOL, V146, P63 WEHNER R, 1994, FORTSCHR ZOOL, V39, P103EnglishArticlePROC ROY SOC LONDON SER B775EV}, month = {Feb 22}, pages = {361-365}, abstract = {Many animals use the sun{\textquoteright}s polarization pattern to orientate, but the dung beetle Scarabaeus zambesianus is the only animal so far known to orientate using the million times dimmer polarization pattern of the moonlit sky. We demonstrate the relative roles of the moon and the nocturnal polarized-light pattern for orientation. We find that artificially changing the position of the moon, or hiding the moon{\textquoteright}s disc from the beetle{\textquoteright}s field of view, generally did not influence its orientation performance. We thus conclude that the moon does not serve as the primary cue for orientation. The effective cue is the polarization pattern formed around the moon, which is more reliable for orientation. Polarization sensitivity ratios in two photoreceptors in the dorsal eye were found to be 7.7 and 12.9, similar to values recorded in diurnal navigators. These results agree with earlier results suggesting that the detection and analysis of polarized skylight is similar in diurnal and nocturnal insects.}, keywords = {beetles, compass, compound eye, crickets, dorsal rim area, Dung, dung beetle, light, moon, orientation, pattern, polarization, sandhoppers, Scarabaeus zambesianus, sensitivity, skylight polarization patterns, vision}, url = {://000189028500005}, author = {Dacke, M. and Byrne, M. J. and Scholtz, C. H. and Warrant, E. J.} }