@article {2368,
	title = {Co-declines in large mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological cascade},
	journal = {Oikos},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2009},
	note = {[gmap markers=blank::40.782003745886755,-73.97163391113281 |zoom=15 |center=40.78531820515752,-73.9749813079834 |width=100\% |height=400px |control=Small |type=Satellite]
},
	pages = {481-487},
	abstract = {Biodiversity loss can precipitate extinction cascades and impair ecological processes. These {\textquoteleft}downstream{\textquoteright} effects will be exacerbated if functionally important taxa are tightly linked with species threatened by extinction or population decline. We review the current evidence that such a scenario is currently playing out in the linked declines of persistently hunted<br />
mammal populations and the dung beetles communities (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) that depend on them for adult and larval food resources. Through a close evolutionary association, mammal assemblages have played a fundamental role in structuring extant dung beetle communities. Today many game mammal species{\textquoteright} populations are severely depleted by subsistence or commercial hunting, especially in tropical forest systems. Multiple lines of evidence from temperate and tropical systems indicate that the regional-scale decline or extirpation of medium and large bodied mammal faunas can severely disrupt the diversity and abundance of dung beetle communities through alterations in the composition and availability of dung resources. These observed community disassemblies have significant short- and long-term implications for the maintenance of key ecosystem processes including nutrient recycling and secondary seed dispersal. Identifying the species- and community-level traits that buffer or exacerbate these species and functional responses is essential if we are to develop a better understanding of the cascading ecological consequences of hunting in tropical forests.
},
	keywords = {co-decline, conservation, decline, extinction, mammal, resource},
	author = {Nichols, E. and Gardner, T. A. and Peres, C. A. and Spector, S.}
}
@article {1301,
	title = {Dung consumption of Scarabaeus cristatus  from Kuwait},
	journal = {Zoology in the Middle East},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have copy- need to scan},
	pages = {71-74},
	keywords = {dung beetle, dung preference, food resources mammals, mammal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Al-Houty, W and Al-Musalam, F}
}
@article {1555,
	title = {Male reproductive behaviorof the African ball-rolling dung beetle Kheper nigroaeneus (Scarabaedae)},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {42},
	number = {1},
	year = {1988},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {17-27},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food resources, generalists, mammal, mammals, savanna},
	author = {Edwards, P. B. and Aschenborn, H. H.}
}
@article {1574,
	title = {Effects of the attractiveness for dung beetles of dung pat origin and size along a climatic gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {45-53},
	abstract = {Dung beetle (Coleoptera:Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) assemblages were monitored by dung-baited pitfall trapping at three sites distributed along a bioclimatic gradient from semiarid to mesic temperate. For each type of dung, both small and large sized baits were used. Under semiarid conditions{\textquoteright}(Morocco), three dung beetle assemblages were distinguished: small bait assemblages in any dung; large cattle bait assemblages; large sheep bait assemblages. Under more temperate conditions (southern France and the Alps), only large and small bait assemblages were observed, whatever the origin of the dung. Large baits attracted significantly more species and more beetles than did small baits, and very few species were attracted significantly more by either sheep or goat baits than by cattle baits. A significant, positive correlation between dung beetle size and dung pat size was observed in Morocco where the large species are predominant, whereas a negative relationship was observed in southern France where the small species are predominant. Cattle pats were more attractive for beetles under xeric and Mediterranean conditions (Morocco and southern France) that under cold temperate conditions (Alps).},
	keywords = {aphodius, assemblage composition, ba, baited pitfall traps, cattle, COLEOPTERA, colonization, dung beetle, GUILD, IVERMECTIN, mammal, patterns, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, scarabaeoidea col communities, spatial, trophic resource, variability},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000189311200006 },
	author = {Errouissi, F. and Haloti, S. and Jay-Robert, P. and Janati-Idrissi, A. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1699,
	title = {Survey of food preferences of some North American Canthonini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Entomological News},
	volume = {85},
	year = {1974},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {181-185},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food resources mammals, mammal, preferences},
	author = {Gordon, R. D and Cartwright, O. L.}
}
@article {1726,
	title = {The insect fauna of badger dung},
	journal = {Entomologist{\textquoteright}s Monthly Magazine},
	volume = {127},
	year = {1991},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {251},
	keywords = {carnivore, dung beetle, food resources, mammal, mammals, omnivore dung},
	author = {Hancox, M}
}
@article {1803,
	title = {Observations on Height of Perching in Some Tropical Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {10},
	number = {1},
	year = {1978},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {43-46},
	keywords = {behavior, competition, dung beetle, Ecuador, mammal, observation mammals, omnivore dung, perching, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Howden, H. F. and V. G. Nealis}
}
@article {1596,
	title = {Records of native dung beetles Onthophagus pexatus Harold, O. auritus Erichson and O. granulatus Boheman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) at dog scats and their potential for biocontrol of dog dung},
	journal = {Victorian Entomologist},
	volume = {22},
	number = {5},
	year = {1992},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {105{\textendash}108},
	keywords = {carnivore, dung beetle, dung mammals, food resources, mammal},
	author = {Faithfull, I}
}
@article {1597,
	title = {Further record and observations of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) at carnivore dung in eastern Australia},
	journal = {Victorian Entomologist },
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {1994},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {63{\textendash}67},
	keywords = {carnivore, Dung, dung beetle, food resources, mammal, mammals},
	author = {Faithfull, I}
}
@article {1614,
	title = {Effects of Forest Fragmentation on a Dung Beetle Community in French Guiana},
	journal = {Conservation Biology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {4},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital  and hard copy},
	pages = {1103-1112},
	abstract = {Abstract: Fragmentation is the most common disturbance induced by humans in tropical forests. Some insect groups are particularly suitable for studying the effects of fragmentation on animal communities because they are taxonomically and ecologically homogenous. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on a dung beetle species community in the forest archipelago created in 1994-1995 by the dam of Petit Saut, French Guiana. We set and baited an equal number of pitfall traps for dung beetles on three mainland sites and seven island sites. The sites ranged from 1.1 to 38 ha. In 250 trap days, we captured 50 species in 19 genera. Diversity indices were high (2.18-4.06). The lowest diversity was on the small islands and one mainland site. Species richness and abundance were positively related to fragment area but not to distance from mainland or distance to the larger island. The islands had lower species richness and population than mainland forest, but rarefied species richness was relatively invariant across sites. There was a marked change in species composition with decreasing fragment that was not caused by the presence of a common fauna of disturbed-area species on islands. Small islands differed from larger islands, which did not differ significantly from mainland sites. Partial correlation analyses suggested that species richness and abundance of dung beetle species were positively related to the number of species of nonflying mammals and the density index of howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus), two parameters positively related to fragment area. Efectos de la Fragmentacion de Bosques sobre una Comunidad de Escarabajos Coprofagos en La Guyana Francesa Resumen: La fragmentacion es la mas comun de las perturbaciones inducidas por humanos en bosques tropicales. Algunos grupos de insectos son particularmente adecuados para estudiar los efectos de la fragmentacion sobre comunidades animales porque son taxonomica y ecologicamente homogeneos. Investigamos los efectos de la fragmentacion de bosques sobre una comunidad de especies de escarabajos coprofagos en el archipielago de bosque creado en 1994-1995 por la presa de Petit Saut, Guyana Francesa. Colocamos y cebamos el mismo numero de trampas para escarabajos coprofagos en tres sitios continentales y siete sitios insulares. Los sitios variaron entre 1.1 y 38 ha. En 250 dias-trampa, capturamos 50 especies en 19 generos. Los indices de diversidad fueron altos (2.18-4.06). La menor diversidad ocurrio en las islas pequenas y en un sitio continental. La riqueza y abundancia de especies se relacionaron positivamente con el area del fragmento pero negativamente con la distancia al continente o a la isla mas grande. Las islas tuvieron menor riqueza de especies y tamano poblacional que el bosque continental, pero la riqueza de especies rarificada fue relativamente invariable en todos los sitios. Hubo un cambio notable en la composicion de especies con la disminucion del fragmento que no se debio a la presencia de una fauna comun de especies de areas perturbadas en las islas. Las islas pequenas difirieron de islas mas grandes que no difirieron significativamente de los sitios continentales. Los analisis de correlacion parcial sugirieron que la riqueza y abundancia de especies de escarabajos coprofagos se correlacionaron positivamente con el numero de especies de mamiferos no voladores y con el indice de densidad de monos aulladores (Alouatta seniculus), dos parametros que se relacionan positivamente con el area del fragmento.},
	keywords = {dung beetle, fragmentation, lago guri mammals, mammal},
	url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/cbi },
	author = {Feer, Francois and Hingrat, Yves}
}
@article {1995,
	title = {The taxonomy, geographic distribution and feeding habitas of the Canthonines of Puerto Rico (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Entomological Society},
	volume = {91},
	year = {1965},
	note = {have  copy},
	pages = {431-465},
	keywords = {bird, canthon, dung beetle mammals, feeding, gastropod, guano, mammal, Neotropical, Puerto Rico, snails},
	author = {Matthews, E. G.}
}
@article {1997,
	title = {La biogeograf{\'\i}a ecol{\'o}gia de los escarabajos del esti{\'e}rcol},
	journal = {Acta Polit{\'e}cnica Mexicana},
	volume = {16},
	number = {72},
	year = {1975},
	note = {requested 1/23},
	pages = {89-98},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food, mammal, mammals, resource},
	author = {Matthews, E. G.}
}
@article {2012,
	title = {Anthropogenic determinants of primate and carnivore local extinctions in a fragmented forest landscape of southern Amazonia},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {124},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {383{\textendash}396},
	keywords = {Amazonia, fragmentation, mammal, mammals},
	author = {Michalski, F and Peres, CA. . .  124: .}
}
@article {2058,
	title = {Beetle fauna associated with scats of Brown bear (Ursos arctos) from Trysil, South Norway},
	journal = {Norwegian Journal of Entomology},
	volume = {23},
	year = {1976},
	note = {need copu},
	pages = {1-5},
	keywords = {carnivore, Dung, dung beetle, food resources mammals, mammal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Mysterud, I. , Wiger, R. , 1976. Beetle fauna associated with scats of and Brown bear (Ursus arctos) from Trysil, South Norway 1974. and Norwegian Journal of Entomology 23, 1{\textendash}5.}
}
@article {2088,
	title = {Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) utilizing the materials other than dung},
	journal = {Nature and Insects},
	volume = {39},
	number = {9},
	year = {2004},
	note = {need copy- in Japanese},
	pages = {16-18},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food, mammal, resources mammals},
	author = {Ochi, T and Kon, M.}
}
@article {2123,
	title = {Abundance and phenology of some coprophagous beetles in different kinds of dung},
	journal = {Ann. Zool. Fenn.},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1966},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {88-98},
	keywords = {bait preference mammals, dung beetle, food resources, mammal},
	author = {Rainio, M}
}
@article {2347,
	title = {The attraction of neotropical Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to reptile and amphibian fecal material},
	journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {35},
	number = {3},
	year = {1981},
	note = {have copy- need to scan},
	pages = {345-348},
	keywords = {amphibian, dung beetle, feeding, mammal, Neotropical mammals, Neotropics, reptile},
	author = {Young, Orrey P.}
}
@article {1295,
	title = {Dung consumption of Scarabaeus cristatus  from Kuwait},
	journal = {Zoology in the Middle East},
	volume = {12},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have copy- need to scan},
	pages = {71-74},
	keywords = {dung beetle, dung preference, food resources mammals, mammal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Al-Houty, W and Al-Musalam, F}
}
