@article {1305,
	title = {Influencia do Dichotomius anaglypticus (Mannerheim,1929) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), no crescimento de plantas de Napier},
	journal = {Ecosistema},
	volume = {2},
	number = {2},
	year = {1977},
	note = {need},
	pages = {31-33},
	keywords = {Dichotomius anaglypticus, dung beetle, ecosystem services, function, plant growth, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Alves, Sergio B. and Nakano, Octavio}
}
@article {1307,
	title = {Patrones de distribucion de escarabajos coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en relicto del bosque altoandino cordillera oriental de Colombia},
	journal = {Caldasia},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1997},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {191-204},
	keywords = {Andes, Colombia, dung beetle, forest relicts, fragmentation (biological conservation 2007), Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Amat-Garcia, German and Lopera Toro, Alejandro and Amezquita, S. J. A.}
}
@article {1321,
	title = {Short-term temporal variability in the abundance of tropical dung beetles},
	journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {120-124},
	abstract = {1. Dung beetles are increasingly being used as a focal taxon in biodiversity and conservation studies. One of the alleged advantages of these insects is that sampling conducted in a few days can yield accurate data. 2. Dung beetles were collected twice, within a week, in a tropical dry forest in Mexico. The abundance of one species, Onthophagus landolti, increased 16 times in one of the habitats, over a period of a few days. Consequently, conclusions regarding differences between both habitats differed greatly depending on which sampling period was considered. 3. Short-term temporal variability in the abundance of dung beetles, particularly if spatially asymmetric, must carefully be considered when designing sampling protocols for this group of insects in dry tropical forests. },
	keywords = {Chamela, dung beetle, Scarabaeidae, temporal variability, tropical dry forest},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1323,
	title = {Possible Indirect Effects of Mammal Hunting on Dung Beetle Assemblages in Panama.},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {39},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {141-146},
	keywords = {dung beetle, hunting, mammals, Panama, rain forest, Scarabaeidae},
	url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00239.x},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen and Laurance, Susan G. W.}
}
@article {1480,
	title = {Residence and breeding of Oniticellus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) within cattle pads: inhibition by dung-burying beetles},
	journal = {Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1989},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {229-236},
	keywords = {cattle feces, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, ecosystem services, inhibition, Onticellus, Scarabaeidae, south africa},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1530,
	title = {Trophic preferences mediated by olfactory cues in dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {370-377},
	abstract = {Scarab beetles colonizing vertebrate feces are considered polyphagous insects, because they often use dung of several species. However, recent works have provided evidence for strong feeding preferences in some dung beetle species. The influence of dung odors in the process of resource selection by beetles has not received attention. The objective of this study was to investigate trophic preferences in Mediterranean dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung. The pattern of resource use by insects was studied using series of pitfall traps baited with cattle or horse dung in three different sites of south-central France. A total of 4,276 insects belonging to 39 species were captured. Cattle dung attracted more insects than horse feces (2,570 versus 1,706 individuals). Twenty-four of the 39 beetle species collected had clear feeding preferences for cattle dung (13 species) or horse dung (11 species). None of these species seemed linked exclusively to one kind of dung. The behavioral responses of seven scarab beetles to volatile compounds emitted by cattle and horse dung were compared in laboratory olfactometer bioassays. Three insect species (Aphodius erraticus, A. scrutator, Onthophagus vacca) were more attracted to volatile compounds from cattle dung. Two other species (Euonthophagus amyntas, Bubas bubalus) orientated preferentially toward horse dung volatiles. Except for two species, beetles were thus attracted to volatiles from the dung type they preferred in the field. The reasons why coprophagous beetles show local feeding preferences for particular dung types are discussed.},
	keywords = {bait, burial, capacity, cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, colonization, communities, dung beetle, Dung beetles, feces, food, horse dung, mammal mammals, olfactometer, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, trophic preferences},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220856500033},
	author = {Dormont, L. and Epinat, G. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1548,
	title = {The role of the subelytral cavity in water loss in the flightless dung beetle, Circellium bacchus (Coleoptera : Scarabaeinae)},
	journal = {European Journal Of Entomology},
	volume = {99},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {253-258},
	abstract = {Circellium bacchus is a flightless telecoprid (ball-rolling) dung beetle, endemic to the afrotropical region, where it is found in a few restricted populations in the eastern Cape of South Africa. Its apterous condition and large size (mass ranges from 6 to 12 g) are considered to be adaptations to a semi-arid habitat. This beetle is active in the sun for long periods, walking between widely scattered dung pats, thus is under selection pressure to reduce water loss. C bacchus has eight spiracles on each side of the body. The metathoracic spiracle and six abdominal spiracles open into the sub-elytral cavity, which is closed. The mesothoracic spiracle is the largest and most exposed, occurring ventrally in the membrane connecting the prothorax and mesothorax. When at rest a cyclic form of respiration, known as discontinuous gas exchange cycle, is used by C. bacchus, releasing a burst of carbon dioxide approximately once an hour when the spiracles open for about 33 minutes. Flow-through respirometry was used to measure water loss from the thorax (being the head, prothorax and mesothorax) and elytral case (containing the metathorax and abdomen) separately. The total water loss of C. bacchus could be divided up as 65\% cuticular water loss from the thorax, 35\% cuticular water loss from the elytral case, 4\% respiratory water loss from the thorax and no measurable respiratory water loss from the elytral case. 1.51 mug of water is lost for every mul of CO2 emitted during respiration in the thorax. Thus, the main avenue for both respiration and respiratory water loss is via the mesothoracic spiracles, suggesting that the primary function of the subelytral cavity is not to reduce respiratory water loss.},
	keywords = {Circellium bacchus, desert tenebrionid beetles, discontinuous gas exchange cycle, Discontinuous gas-exchange, dung beetle, insects, patterns, physiology, respiration, Scarabaeidae, subelytral cavity, terrestrial, trait information, ventilation, water loss},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000177174200016 },
	author = {Duncan, F. D.}
}
@article {1550,
	title = {Respiratory airflow in a wingless dung beetle},
	journal = {The Journal of Experimental Biology},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {2489-2497},
	abstract = {The sealed subelytral cavity of many flightless beetle species is widely acknowledged to be an adaptation to water saving in arid-habitat species. However, this hypothesis relies on the acceptance of two largely untested assumptions: (i) that the movement of respiratory gases is unidirectional from anterior to posterior and (ii) that the coordinated action of the spiracles directs this flow. We tested these assumptions by simultaneously measuring CO2 and O2 exchange at the anterior mesothorax, independently of gas exchange in the posterior body, which included the subelytral cavity, of a large apterous beetle, Circellium bacchus. Flow-through respirometry revealed a marked discontinuous gas-exchange cycle (DGC) pattern from the anterior half of the body. Very little CO2was released from the posterior body, where the DGC was not apparent. Labelled air was shown to flow forwards from the posterior to the anterior body. Individual sampling from the mesothoracic spiracles revealed that the right mesothoracic spiracle, lying outside the elytral cavity, is the primary route for respiratory gas exchange in C. bacchusat rest. This discovery necessitates a reassessment of the currently assumed role of the subelytral cavity in water conservation and is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of forward airflow associated with the unilateral use of a single thoracic spiracle for respiration in an insect. },
	keywords = {Circellium bacchus, discontinuous gas exchange cycle, dung beetle, respiration, Scarabaeidae, spiracle, subelytral cavity.},
	author = {Duncan, Frances D. and Byrne, Marcus J.}
}
@article {1574,
	title = {Effects of the attractiveness for dung beetles of dung pat origin and size along a climatic gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {45-53},
	abstract = {Dung beetle (Coleoptera:Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) assemblages were monitored by dung-baited pitfall trapping at three sites distributed along a bioclimatic gradient from semiarid to mesic temperate. For each type of dung, both small and large sized baits were used. Under semiarid conditions{\textquoteright}(Morocco), three dung beetle assemblages were distinguished: small bait assemblages in any dung; large cattle bait assemblages; large sheep bait assemblages. Under more temperate conditions (southern France and the Alps), only large and small bait assemblages were observed, whatever the origin of the dung. Large baits attracted significantly more species and more beetles than did small baits, and very few species were attracted significantly more by either sheep or goat baits than by cattle baits. A significant, positive correlation between dung beetle size and dung pat size was observed in Morocco where the large species are predominant, whereas a negative relationship was observed in southern France where the small species are predominant. Cattle pats were more attractive for beetles under xeric and Mediterranean conditions (Morocco and southern France) that under cold temperate conditions (Alps).},
	keywords = {aphodius, assemblage composition, ba, baited pitfall traps, cattle, COLEOPTERA, colonization, dung beetle, GUILD, IVERMECTIN, mammal, patterns, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, scarabaeoidea col communities, spatial, trophic resource, variability},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000189311200006 },
	author = {Errouissi, F. and Haloti, S. and Jay-Robert, P. and Janati-Idrissi, A. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1688,
	title = {Sulla fonte di alimentazione e sulla microflora aerobica del nido pedotrofico e dell{\textquoteright}apparato digerente delle larve di Scarabei coprofagi (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Atti Accad. Sc. Torino},
	volume = {96},
	year = {1962},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {575-628},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food, nidification mammals, resources, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Goidanich, A. and Malan, C. E}
}
@article {1761,
	title = {Habitat specificity and food preferences of an assemblage of tropical Australian dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	note = {need a copy},
	pages = {449-460},
	keywords = {beta diversity, dung beetle, habitat, mammal mammals, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Christopher J. Hill}
}
@article {1764,
	title = {Spatial distribution, resource utilisation and intraspecific competition in the dung beetle Aphodius ater},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {116},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {136-142},
	keywords = {aggregation, density dependence, dung beetle, egg-laying behaviour, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Hirschberger, Petra}
}
@article {1846,
	title = {Diversity of dung-beetle community in declining Japanese subalpine forest caused by an increasing sika deer population},
	journal = {Ecological Research},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {digital and hard copy},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {135-141},
	abstract = {The Ohdaigahara subalpine plateau in Japan has recently suffered a reduction in primary forest land caused by an increasing population of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Deer have debarked many trees, causing die-back, gradually changing the primary forest first to light forest with a floor that is densely covered with sasa grass (Sasa nipponica) and then to S. nipponica grassland. To examine the effects of vegetative transformation on the dung-beetle community, we compared the diversity and abundance of dung-beetle assemblages in the primary forest, transition forest, and S. nipponica grassland using dung-baited pitfall traps. The species richness and species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were significantly highest in the primary forest and lowest in the S. nipponica grassland. The evenness (Smith-Wilson index) was highest in the primary forest and nearly equal in the transition forest and S. nipponica grassland. The abundance was apparently greater in the transition forest than in the primary forest and S. nipponica grassland. These results suggest that loss of primary forest resulting from an increasing deer population decreases the diversity of the dung-beetle community while increasing the abundance of dung beetles in the transition forest. Sika deer use transition forests and grasslands more frequently than primary forests as habitat, but an increase in dung supply there does not necessarily increase the diversity or abundance of dung-beetle assemblages.},
	keywords = {alouatta-palliata, COLEOPTERA, dung beetle, evenness, fragmentation, los-tuxtlas, Mexico, ohdaigahara mammals, primary forest, sasa nipponica, Sasa nipponica grassland, Scarabaeidae, south-africa, transition forest, tropical rain-forest},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000228011500004 },
	author = {Kanda, N. and Yokota, T. and Shibata, E. and Sato, H.}
}
@article {1880,
	title = {The beetle fauna of hyaena latrines: coprocenoses consisting of necrophagous beetles (Coleoptera Trogidae Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2003},
	note = {hard and digital copies},
	pages = {145-152},
	abstract = {The scarab beetle fauna (Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea) on Spotted Hyaena, Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben 1777), scats was investigated to identify the feeding guilds of scarabs on an unusual dung substrate. During 19 months inspecting hyaena latrines and surrounding roads, 69 specimens of 8 species of Scarabaeoidea (Trogidae and Scarabaeidae) were collected from 200 hyaena fae- ces samples and 17 samples of regurgitated hairs. With increasing amount of hairs in the samples, attraction to hyaena faeces increased (from dry, white fae- ces to soft, brownish faeces to regurgitated hairs). Most of the scarab species that we found feed generally on carrion and omnivore/carnivore dung. Three species have not previously been found on carrion but are likely to be (faculta- tive) necrophages. Further records of beetles from hyaena faeces indicate that almost all species that are attracted by this bait are at least facultatively necrophagous. The dung part of their diet consists mainly of omnivore or carni- vore faeces as is usual for necro-coprophagous species.},
	keywords = {{\textquoteright}, Africa, congo, COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES mammals, Cote d, dung beetle, Ivoire, necrophagy, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Korb, J and Walter, Philippe}
}
@article {1594,
	title = {Dung beetles attracted to mammalian herbivore (Alouatta palliata) and omnivore (Nasua narica) dung in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1993},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {45-54},
	keywords = {Alouatta, dung beetle, mammal mammals, Mexico, nasua narica, Scarabaeidae, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Halffter, Gonzalo and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond and Meritt, Dennis}
}
@article {1616,
	title = {Diel flight activity and ecological segregation within an assemblage of tropical forest dung and carrion beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {21-30},
	abstract = {Temporal variation in activity of dung and carrion beetles in tropical forest is considered as a mechanism of ecological segregation between potentially competing species. We describe the diel flight activity of Scarabaeidae collected with baited pitfall traps at Les Nouragues field station in French Guiana. A total of 2663 individuals of 63 species was recorded, from the subfamilies Coprinae, Scarabaeinae and Aphodinae. Temporal guilds of diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular species were identified. Diurnal species were about twice as numerous and abundant as either nocturnal or crepuscular species. Two main activity patterns characterize the diurnal species while nocturnal and crepuscular species show overlapping activity. The association of activity rhythm with the other niche variables, food selection, functional group, body size and relative abundance, was analysed using multiple correspondence analysis. Small diurnal coprophagous species were opposed to large crepuscular necrophagous species. Species packing is suggested but further analysis showed that the variables were independent of one another. The temporal differentiation of species combined with separation along multiple niche dimensions and resource gradients may facilitate the coexistence of species assumed to be strongly affected by interspecific competition. },
	keywords = {competition, dung beetle, flight activity, French Guiana, niche segregation, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Feer, Francois and Pincebourde, Sylvain}
}
@article {1636,
	title = {Experimental investigations of colonisation by north temperate dung beetles of different types of domestic herbivore dung},
	journal = {Applied Soil Ecology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 33Cited References:      ASCHENBORN HH, 1989, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V53, P73     BARBERO E, 1999, J INSECT CONSERVATIO, V3, P75     BISTROM O, 1991, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V2, P53     BREYMEYER A, 1975, B ACAD POLONAISE SB, V23, P173     DADOUR IR, 1996, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V25, P1026     DANIEL WW, 1978, APPL NONPARAMETRIC S     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     FINN JA, 1998, APPL SOIL ECOL, V10, P27     FINN JA, 2000, ECOGRAPHY, V23, P301     FINN JA, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P24     FINN JA, 1998, THESIS NATL U IRELAN, P199     GITTINGS T, 1998, ECOGRAPHY, V21, P581     GITTINGS T, 1997, ECOGRAPHY, V20, P55     GITTINGS T, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P455     GITTINGS T, 1994, THESIS NATL U IRELAN, P323     GREENHAM PM, 1972, J ANIM ECOL, V41, P153     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HIMMELSBACH W, 1993, THESIS FREIBURG     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P375     HOLTER P, 1983, EARTHWORM ECOLOGY, P49     HOLTER P, 1979, ECOL ENTOMOL, V4, P317     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOLTER P, 1979, OIKOS, V32, P393     KIELY J, 1984, SOIL SURVEY B FORAS, V38     LUMARET JP, 1993, J APPL ECOL, V30, P428     MACQUEEN A, 1986, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V25, P23     OLECHOWICZ E, 1974, ECOL POL, V22, P589     PALMER WA, 1983, PROT ECOL, V5, P153     RAINIO M, 1966, ANN ZOOL FENN, V3, P88     RASSI P, 1991, 30 MIN ENV, P328     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1986, B ENTOMOL RES, V76, P63     SOWIG P, 1994, ZOOL JB SYST, V121, P171     TYNDALEBISCOE M, 1981, B ENTOMOL RES, V71, P137EnglishArticle578NGAPPL SOIL ECOL},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Field experiments investigated the colonisation by a north temperate dung beetle community (Aphodius, Geotrupes and Sphaeridium species) of artificial, standardised (11) dung pats from native herbivore species (cow, horse and sheep). An additional experiment compared the colonisation by dung beetles of five different types of cow dung. These experiments did not examine naturally occurring dung pats, but used experimental dung pats to examine the ability of north temperate dung beetles to discriminate among different dung types. A small number of laboratory experiments investigated pat residence times (PRT) and larval production across different dung types. There were significant differences in the biomass and abundance of dung beetle colonisation across different dung types. Sheep dung tended to have highest abundances of beetles, but there was evidence of species-specific differences in dung beetle colonisation of the different kinds of dung. In two out of three comparisons, laboratory experiments provided evidence that adult PRT were significantly different among different kinds of dung. In each of three laboratory experiments, larval production was significantly higher in sheep than cow dung pats of the same size. The relevance of these findings to the interpretation of what constitutes a dung type preference is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {abundance, aphodius, assemblage, cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, colonisation, disappearance, dung beetle, Onthophagus, resource, resource utilization, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, seasonal-changes, utilisation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000177123900001},
	author = {Finn, J. A. and Giller, P. S.}
}
@article {1778,
	title = {Dung feeding in adult scarabaeines (tunnellers and endocoprids): even large dung beetles eat small particles.},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {2002},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {169-176},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, ecosystem services, feeding, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Holter, Peter and Scholtz, Clarke H. and Wardhaugh, Keith G.}
}
@article {2004,
	title = {Diversity and habitat use of dung beetles in a restored Andean landscape},
	journal = {Biotropica},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {181-187},
	keywords = {Andes, Colombia, diversity, dung beetle, habitat use, landscape, restoration, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Medina, Claudia A. and Escobar S. , Federico and Kattan, Gustavo H.}
}
@article {2005,
	title = {Diversidad de coleopteros coprofagos (Scarabaeidae) de la Reserva Forestal de Escalerete},
	journal = {Cespedesia},
	volume = {21},
	year = {1996},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {89-102},
	keywords = {dung beetle, modification (biological conservation 2007), primary forest, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Medina, C. A. and Kattan, G. H.}
}
@article {2054,
	title = {A wider range than suspected: new locality for the endemic Mauritian dung beetle Nesosisyphus pygmaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Phelsuma},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {63-64},
	keywords = {Brise Fer, Distribution, dung beetle, Scarabaeidae, sisyphini},
	author = {Motala, Saoud M. and Krell, Frank-Thorsten}
}
@article {2152,
	title = {Besouros coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) coletados em Piracicaba, SP},
	journal = {Sci. agric., Piracicaba},
	volume = {55},
	number = {1},
	year = {1998},
	month = {jan-abr},
	pages = {53-58},
	keywords = {dung beetle, Dung pats, list of species, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Rodrigues, Sergio R. and Marchini, Luis C.}
}
@article {2262,
	title = {Consideracoes sobre forrageio arboreo por Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea), e dados sobre sua ocorrencia  em floresta tropical do Brasil},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {72},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {55-61},
	keywords = {Atlantic rainforest, brazil, dung beetle, foraging, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. and Louzada, Julio N. C.}
}
