@article {1358,
	title = {Assesing the impact of forest disturbance on tropical invertebrates: some comments},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {461-466},
	type = {forum},
	author = {Basset, Yves and Novotny, Vojtech and Miller, Scott E. and Springates, Neil D.}
}
@article {1472,
	title = {Dung beetles as indicators of change in the forests of northern Borneo},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {445VUJ APPL ECOL},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {593-616},
	abstract = {1. We reviewed the use of dung beetles as indicators of environmental change, highlighting the influence of natural forest dynamics on species distributions in primary forest and suggesting new ways in which this can be used to understand and interpret the effects of disturbance such as logging. These ideas were applied to rainforest dung beetle communities in Sabah, Malaysia. 2. Dung beetle samples, using baited pitfall and flight intercept traps, were examined from primary, logged and plantation forests. Cluster analysis on dung beetle assemblages from primary forest samples showed clear species associations that had a high degree of fidelity to a particular biotope or vegetation type. Beetles were grouped into riverine- edge, riverine, interior-primary and {\textquoteright}even{\textquoteright} (equitable distribution between biotopes) associations. Although biotope- specific associations were spatially separate in primary forest, these associations overlapped at forest margins (riverine forest) and in logged forest (to form {\textquoteright}composite assemblages{\textquoteright}). 3. Species associations showed different responses to disturbance: the riverine association included many species that showed a positive response to at least some types of disturbance, whereas others were neutral or negative in response; the even association species were mostly neutral; the primary forest associations were almost entirely negative in response. 4. The greatest faunal similarities were found between logged forest and riverine assemblages. Diversity was lower in logged compared with primary forest, and the lowest species richness and diversity were recorded in plantation forest. Small-scale species richness in logged forest was generally higher than in individual transects from primary forest due to the presence of overlapping species ranges (composite assemblages) that were usually spatially separate in primary forest. Data suggested that increased species richness at a fine scale does not necessarily mean that species richness is greater at a larger scale, and that species mixing in derived ecosystems is dependent on the type of disturbance. Forest management should aim to minimize the mixing of the components of different biotopes, by implementing low impact (i.e. reduced-impact logging) harvesting techniques.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169479900009},
	author = {Davis, A. J. and Holloway, J. D. and Huijbregts, H. and Krikken, J. and Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. and Sutton, S. L.}
}
@article {1542,
	title = {Effects of Dung Fauna on Survival and Size of Buffalo Flies (Haematobia Spp) Breeding in the Field in South-Africa and Australia},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {25},
	number = {2},
	year = {1988},
	note = {P8026J APPL ECOL},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {523-536},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1988P802600013},
	author = {Doube, B. M. and Macqueen, A. and Fay, H. A. C.}
}
@article {1554,
	title = {Patterns of nesting and dung burial in Onitis dung beetles: implications for pasture productivity and fly control},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {3},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {837-851},
	author = {Edwards, P. B. and Aschenborn, H. H.}
}
@article {1580,
	title = {Temporal shifts in dung beetle community structure within a protected area of tropical wet forest: a 35-year study and its implications for long-term conservation},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {1584-1592},
	author = {Escobar, F. and Halffter, G and Solis, A and Halffter, V and Navarrete, D}
}
@article {1812,
	title = {Introduced Dung Beetles and Australian Pasture Ecosystems - Papers Presented at a Symposium During Meeting of Australia- and-New-Zealand-Association-for-Advancement-of-Science at Canberra in January 1975},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {3},
	year = {1975},
	note = {EnglishEditorial MaterialJ APPL ECOL},
	pages = {819-837},
	author = {Hughes, R. D}
}
@article {1824,
	title = {The effects of the intensification of agriculture on northern temperate dung beetle communities},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {40},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {digital},
	pages = {994{\textendash}1007},
	keywords = {agriculture, dung beetle, ecosystem function, ecosystem services, pesticides, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Stephen A. Hutton and Giller, Paul S.}
}
@article {1900,
	title = {Dung and nest surveys: estimating decay rates},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {1102-1111},
	abstract = {1. Wildlife managers often require estimates of abundance. Direct methods of estima- tion are often impractical, especially in closed-forest environments, so indirect methods such as dung or nest surveys are increasingly popular. 2. Dung and nest surveys typically have three elements: surveys to estimate abundance of the dung or nests; experiments to estimate the production (defecation or nest con- struction) rate; and experiments to estimate the decay or disappearance rate. The last of these is usually the most problematic, and was the subject of this study. 3. The design of experiments to allow robust estimation of mean time to decay was addressed. In most studies to date, dung or nests have been monitored until they dis- appear. Instead, we advocate that fresh dung or nests are located, with a single follow- up visit to establish whether the dung or nest is still present or has decayed. 4. Logistic regression was used to estimate probability of decay as a function of time, and possibly of other covariates. Mean time to decay was estimated from this function. 5. Synthesis and applications.  Effective management of mammal populations usually requires reliable abundance estimates. The difficulty in estimating abundance of mam- mals in forest environments has increasingly led to the use of indirect survey methods, in which abundance of sign, usually dung (e.g. deer, antelope and elephants) or nests (e.g. apes), is estimated. Given estimated rates of sign production and decay, sign abundance estimates can be converted to estimates of animal abundance. Decay rates typically vary according to season, weather, habitat, diet and many other factors, making reliable estimation of mean time to decay of signs present at the time of the survey problematic. We emphasize the need for retrospective rather than prospective rates, propose a strategy for survey design, and provide analysis methods for estimating retrospective rates. },
	keywords = {decay rate experiments, indirect surveys, sign surveys},
	author = {Laing, S. E. and Buckland, S. T. and Burn, R. W. and Lambie, D. and Amphlett, A.}
}
@article {1953,
	title = {Field effects of ivermectin residues on dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {428-436},
	abstract = {1. The effects and the persistence of a single injection of ivermectin (lvomecR) to steers, at the recommended dose rate of 200 yg kg-{\textquoteright} body weight, were studied in spring field experiments (Spanish conditions). 2. Elimination of ivermectin by cattle (faecal route) was rapid (12 days), with a peak in day 5. The persistence of ivermectin in dropped dung was low under field conditions (<6 days). 3. The drug itself did not increase attraction of beetles to dung. The attraction of beetles to dung from treated animals increased after day 5 until day 17, beyond the time when ivermectin was available. The hypothesis made was that ivermectin modified the gut flora of treated cattle after the peak of elimination. Watering of pats did not influence results. 4. Ivermectin concentration in dung dropped on days 1and 10 post-treatment in- hibited the development of larvae of the dung-dwelling Diptera Neomyia cornicina. At the former concentration, it inhibited the development of the dung beetle Euoniticellus fulvus whereas, for the latter, a slight delay in development was observed. 5. The consequences of routine treatment of cattle with ivermectin on non-target organisms are discussed. The risks for the environment are different according to insect groups and countries, mainly due to differences in conditions of temperature and degradation of ivermectin.},
	keywords = {attraction, COLEOPTERA, diptera, Dung beetles, elimination, environmental risks., IVERMECTIN, persistence},
	author = {Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Galante, E. and Lumbreras, C. and Mena, J. and Bertrand, M. and Bernal, J. L. and Cooper, J. F. and Kadiri, N. and Crowe, D.}
}
@article {1958,
	title = {Changes in Resources Consequences for the Dynamics of Dung Beetle Communities},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {29},
	number = {2},
	year = {1992},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {349-356},
	abstract = {1. The effects of a change from sheep to cattle grazing on dung beetle communities were studied under Mediterranean conditions. 2. Five years after the beginning of a change in the grazing regime, dung resources had increased by a factor of 3 and led to a 3-fold increase in beetle numbers and a 2.5-fold increase in biomass. 3. Marked re-adjustments towards a new equilibrium occurred in the dung beetle communities, with drastic changes in the relative frequencies of many species. Dwellers became dominant, coexisting with medium and large tunnellers. No significant changes in species composition occurred during the same period. 4. Mediterranean pasture ecosystems show a strong resilience allowing them to re-adjust rapidly to the processes of recycling organic matter.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, sheep cattle coleoptera biomass mediterranean pasture ecosystem},
	author = {Lumaret, J. P. and Kadiri, N. and Bertrand, M.}
}
@article {1962,
	title = {Dung as an Insect Food Source Dung Beetles as Competitors of Other Coprophagous Fauna and as Targets for Predators},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {3},
	year = {1975},
	note = {Using Smart Source Parsing(Recd 1976)Article},
	pages = {821-827},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Diptera-: Insecta-, Hymenoptera-: Insecta-, Insecta-: Arthropoda-, Invertebrata-, Isoptera-:},
	author = {Macqueen, A.}
}
@article {1967,
	title = {Treating cattle with ivermectin: effects on the fauna and decomposition of dung pats},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {27},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {1-15},
	keywords = {cattle, dung beetle, IVERMECTIN},
	author = {Madsen, M. and Overgaard Nielsen, B. and Holter, P. and Pedersen, O. C. and Brochner Jespersen, J. and Vagn Jensen, K.-M. and Nansen, P. and Gronvold, J.}
}
@article {1595,
	title = {Comparing biodiversity between protected areas and adjacent rangeland in xeric succulent thicket, South Africa: arthropods and reptiles},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {40},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {665KGJ APPL ECOL},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {392-403},
	abstract = {1. Although it is widely assumed that protected areas conserve species that would not survive elsewhere, this assumption is seldom tested. The aim of the study was to determine the respective roles of a nature reserve and commercial and subsistence rangeland in preserving terrestrial arthropods and reptiles in xeric succulent thicket in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. 2. Faunal diversity on a nature reserve (the Great Fish River Reserve Complex) was compared with a historically overgrazed commercial farm, an intensively managed, conservatively stocked commercial farm and a communal grazing area. Terrestrial arthropods and reptiles were caught in paired pitfall traps inside and outside the nature reserve, specimens being sorted into recognizable taxonomic units (RTU). The taxa occurring in each land management unit were compared using RTU diversity, a hierarchical richness index (HRI), community similarity and uniqueness. 3. The nature reserve contained more RTU and a greater HRI than adjacent land for most arthropod groups, and also supported more unique taxa than the other study localities. 4. Snakes and lizards, in contrast, were almost twice as abundant in the communal grazing area as elsewhere, although reptile species diversity was similar at all localities. 5. Each individual locality contained fewer than 62\% of the total number of arthropod RTU and 55\% of the total reptile RTU; the communal grazing area contained only 37\% of the total number of arthropod RTU collected in the study area. 6. Nineteen (73\%) of the ant, 18 (69\%) of the weevil, 60 (70\%) of the spider and 12 (60\%) of the grasshopper RTU and 10 (66\%) of the reptiles were shared by the three land uses. Six new weevil species and probably several new arachnid species were collected, but all the new weevils were confined to the nature reserve. 7. The communal grazing area differed most from the nature reserve in richness and community composition, followed by the conservatively stocked commercial farm. The historically overgrazed commercial farm was most similar to the nature reserve. 8. The communal grazing area was characterized by xeric-adapted reptiles and predatory arthropods whose ranges are centred in the semi-arid parts of South Africa. In contrast, the nature reserve and commercial farms supported more mesic-adapted reptiles and herbivorous arthropods. 9. Synthesis and applications. The data show how protected areas are key to conserving those species that decrease under heavily grazed and disturbed conditions. However, they also illustrate that diverse land-use mosaics promote gamma diversity in the xeric succulent thicket of South Africa. Conservation policies that include protected space in the wider environment and conserve habitat diversity are likely to both promote regional richness and support scarce species.},
	keywords = {dung beetles herpetology disturbance read},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000182118700017},
	author = {Fabricius, C. and Burger, M. and Hockey, P. A. R.}
}
@article {1675,
	title = {Understanding the biodiversity consequences of habitat change: the value of secondary and plantation forests for neotropical dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {45},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {883-893},
	abstract = {1. Secondary and plantation forests are becoming increasingly widespread in the tropics. A recent meta-analysis on the impacts of land-use change on tropical forest dung beetles concluded that regenerating forests can be effective in helping to offset species loss following deforestation. How- ever, our understanding of the extent to which these results can be generalized to new locations remains very poor. 2. We attempted to overcome many of the design limitations that characterize previous studies by collecting spatially independent dung beetle samples from primary, secondary and Eucalyptus plantation forests in north-east Brazilian Amazonia across a large quasi-experimental landscape that minimized confounding edge and fragmentation effects. 3. We recorded 9203 dung beetles, comprising 85 species. Species richness was significantly higher in primary forest and the majority of species were more abundant there than elsewhere, whereas secondary and plantation sites harboured an impoverished subset of primary forest species. 4. Our data illustrate the low value of tropical secondary and plantation forests for dung beetles in our study area, and our conclusions are more pessimistic than those of earlier studies. 5. Because of differences in the order of species rank-abundance and rank-biomass patterns, re-coding community data from abundance to biomass significantly altered the analytical weight of individual species in determining community patterns. Larger bodied beetles were more prone to local extinctions and abundance declines and this effect was consistent both within and between genera. 6. Synthesis and applications . Our study demonstrates that secondary and plantation forests in a large neotropical landscape host exceptionally impoverished dung beetle communities. Furthermore, the depletion of beetle abundance combined with a reduction in average body mass in converted forests is likely to have detrimental consequences for the maintenance of dung beetle-mediated ecosystem services in these habitats. Differences in biogeographical and landscape context, and the influence of common limitations in sampling design, may explain why many other studies have painted a more optimistic picture of the conservation value of anthropogenic habitats. In the absence of further evidence we caution strongly against the claim that forest regeneration schemes on degraded land can effectively offset the loss of species following deforestation, and urge that conservation strategies prioritize the protection of remaining areas of primary forest.},
	keywords = {biomass, brazil, deforestation, habitat change, habitat value, sampling bias, Scarabaeinae, Tropical forests},
	author = {Gardner, T. A. and Hernandez, M. I. M. and Barlow, J. and Peres, C. A.}
}
@article {2002,
	title = {The verification and application of bioindicators: a case study of dung beetles in a savanna ecosystem},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {39},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 50Cited References:      ANDERSEN AN, 2002, J APPL ECOL, V39, P8     BALMFORD A, 1996, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V263, P1571     BROWN JH, 1984, AM NAT, V124, P255     BULMER MG, 1979, PRINCIPLES STAT     CARO TM, 1999, CONSERV BIOL, V13, P805     COLLETT D, 1991, MODELLING BINARY DAT     COLWELL RK, 2000, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V15, P70     COUSINS SH, 1991, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V6, P190     DAVIS AJ, 2001, J APPL ECOL, V38, P593     DAVIS ALV, 1997, AFR J ECOL, V35, P10     DAVIS ALV, 1994, J NAT HIST, V28, P383     DEMPSTER JP, 1998, INSECT POPULATIONS T     DIAMOND JM, 1975, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION CO, P342     DOUBE BM, 1983, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P357     DOUBE BM, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P255     DUFRENE M, 1997, ECOL MONOGR, V67, P345     ERHARDT A, 1991, CONSERVATION INSECTS, P213     FAVILA ME, 1997, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V72, P1     GASTON KJ, 1997, J ANIM ECOL, V66, P579     GASTON KJ, 1994, RARITY     GREENSLADE PJM, 1983, AM NAT, V122, P352     HILTY J, 2000, BIOL CONSERV, V92, P185     JENKINS DW, 1971, MANS IMPACT TERRESTR, P351     KENT M, 1997, PROG PHYS GEOG, V21, P315     KINGSOLVER JG, 1989, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V62, P314     KITCHING RL, 2000, J APPL ECOL, V37, P284     KLEIN BC, 1989, ECOLOGY, V70, P1715     KREMEN C, 1994, CONSERV BIOL, V8, P388     LUFF ML, 1995, INSECTS CHANGING ENV, P400     LYONS SK, 1997, OIKOS, V79, P568     MAJER JD, 1998, J APPL ECOL, V35, P161     MCCULLAGH P, 1989, GEN LINEAR MODELS     MCGEOCH MA, 1998, BIOL REV, V73, P181     MCGEOCH MA, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P46     NOSS RF, 1990, CONSERV BIOL, V4, P355     RABINOWITZ D, 1981, BIOL ASPECTS RARE PL, P205     SOUTHWOOD TRE, 1977, J ANIM ECOL, V46, P337     SPECTOR S, 1998, CONSERVATION CHANGIN, P181     STEENKAMP HE, 1996, BIOL CONSERV, V78, P305     TAUBER MJ, 1998, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V27, P523     THOMSON JD, 1996, ECOLOGY, V77, P1698     VANRENSBURG BJ, 1999, BIOL CONSERV, V88, P145     VANRENSBURG BJ, 2000, ECOLOGY, V81, P3163     VANRENSBURG BJ, 2000, J BIOGEOGR, V27, P1385     VANSTRAALEN NM, 1997, J APPL ECOL, V34, P217     VANWYK AE, 1996, BIODIVERSITY AFRICAN, P198     WEATHERLEY NS, 1990, J APPL ECOL, V27, P952     WEAVER JC, 1995, CONSERV BIOL, V9, P939     WILLIAMS KA, 1986, OECOLOGIA, V70, P362     WOLDA H, 1988, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V19, P1EnglishArticle580UTJ APPL ECOL},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {661-672},
	abstract = {1.Bioindicators of habitat quality and environmental change must be identified quantitatively and tested independently to confirm their usefulness. We used the indicator value (IndVal ) method, which combines measures of habitat fidelity and specificity, to assess the indicator responses of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa. The indicator responses were verified by sampling in different areas of the Park, 2 years after the responses were originally quantified. 2. We postulated that terrestrial insect indicators with different combinations of habitat specificity and fidelity might fulfil different indicator roles. Indicator species with strong habitat specificity (characteristic species) are unlikely to provide information on the direction of ecological change despite high vulnerability. Rather, detector species that span a range of ecological states are likely to be better in this role. We used IndVal for selecting such detector species that indicate the direction of ecological change. 3. Sets of species were found to be robust bioindicators, i.e. reliably characteristic across the habitat of which they were indicative. The suite of indicators was refined by discarding those with IndVal s that varied significantly across years, thus improving the confidence in the final suite of species selected. By clearly responding to a change in habitat between two ecological states, detector species provided information complementary to that provided by characteristic species. 4. The IndVal method enabled both the identification and testing of indicator (characteristic and detector) species. Because of its resilience to changes in abundance, IndVal is a particularly effective tool for ecological bioindication. 5. We conclude that both characteristic and detector species are useful bioindicators of habitat quality and conversion. We propose that bioindicators that are categorized and verified in this way will have valuable application in the monitoring of habitat integrity.},
	keywords = {assemblages, bioindication, COLEOPTERA, conservation, detector species, habitat, habitat specificity, indicator species, indicators, range size, Scarabaeidae, SELECTION, south-africa, species richness, transformation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000177255000011},
	author = {McGeoch, M. A. and Van Rensburg, B. J. and Botes, A.}
}
@article {2085,
	title = {Log-normal distribution of species abundances is not a universal indicator of rain forest disturbance},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {35},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 27Cited References:      BAZZAZ FA, 1975, ECOLOGY, V56, P485     BEALL G, 1935, ECOLOGY, V16, P216     DELONG DM, 1932, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V25, P13     GRAY JS, 1979, MAR POLLUT B, V10, P142     GRAY JS, 1987, ORG COMMUNITIES PAST, P53     HILL JK, 1998, IN PRESS J APPL ECOL, V35     HILL JK, 1995, J APPL ECOL, V32, P754     JANZEN DH, 1973, ECOLOGY, V54, P661     KREBS CJ, 1989, ECOLOGICAL METHODOLO     LANGDALEBROWN I, 1964, VEGETATION UGANDA     LINDHOLM T, 1983, SILVA FENNICA, V17, P289     MAY RM, 1975, ECOLOGY EVOLUTION CO, P81     NUMMELIN M, 1992, AFR J ECOL, V30, P213     NUMMELIN M, 1991, AFRICAN J ECOLOGY, V30, P10     NUMMELIN M, 1989, FAUNA NORVEGICA B, V36, P17     NUMMELIN M, 1989, J TROP ECOL, V5, P349     NUMMELIN M, 1992, TROP ZOOL, V5, P155     NUMMELIN M, 1996, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V37, P201     PATRICK R, 1973, ASTM STP, V528, P76     RITCHIE M, 1986, INT S TROP ENT NAIR     SKORUPA JP, 1984, ORYX, V18, P96     STRUHSAKER TT, 1997, ECOLOGY AFRICAN RAIN     SUGIHARA G, 1980, AM NAT, V116, P770     TOKESHI M, 1993, ADV ECOL RES, V24, P111     VANDERMAAREL E, 1971, SCI MANAGEMENT ANIMA, P45     WHITTAKER RH, 1975, COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTE     WHITTAKER RH, 1965, SCIENCE, V147, P250EnglishArticle122YZJ APPL ECOL},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {454-457},
	abstract = {1. The fit to log-normal distribution of species abundances of grasshoppers, ladybird beetles, tortoise beetles and dung beetles and forest floor vegetation in unlogged and selectively felled sites in Kibale Forest, western Uganda was analysed. It was shown that the fit to log-normal distribution cannot be used as a straightforward universal indicator of rainforest disturbance.},
	keywords = {bioindicator, community structure, diversity, kibale forest, logging, patterns, tropical forest management, Uganda, virgin},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000076100200009},
	author = {Nummelin, M.}
}
@article {2174,
	title = {Should biomass be considered more frequently as a currency in terrestrial arthropod community analyses?},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {44},
	number = {2},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {330-339},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000245065300009},
	author = {Saint-Germain, M. and Buddle, C. M. and Larrivee, M. and Mercado, A. and Motchula, T. and Reichert, E. and Sackett, T. E. and Sylvain, Z. and Webb, A.}
}
