@article {1569,
	title = {The development and evolution of exaggerated morphologies in insects},
	journal = {Annual Review of Entomology},
	volume = {45},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {661-708},
	abstract = {We discuss a framework for studying the evolution of morphology in insects, based on the concepts of {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}phenotypic plasticity{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} and {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}reaction norms.{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} We illustrate this approach with the evolution of some of the most extreme morphologies in insects: exaggerated, sexually selected male ornaments and weapons, and elaborate social insect soldier castes. Most of these traits scale with body size, and these scaling relationships are often nonlinear. We argue that scaling relationships are best viewed as reaction norms, and that the evolution of exaggerated morphological traits results from genetic changes in the slope and/or shape of these scaling relationships. After reviewing literature on sexually selected and caste-specific structures, we suggest two possible routes to the evolution of exaggerated trait dimensions: (a) the evolution of steeper scaling relationship slopes and (b) the evolution of sigmoid or discontinuous scaling relationship shapes. We discuss evolutionary implications of these two routes to exaggeration and suggest why so many of the most exaggerated insect structures scale nonlinearly with body size. Finally, we review literature on insect development to provide a comprehensive picture of how scaling relationships arise and to suggest how they may be modified through evolution.},
	keywords = {allometry, castes, Polyphenism, sexual selection, threshold traits},
	author = {Emlen, Douglas J. and Nijhout, H. Frederik}
}
@article {1709,
	title = {Biogeography of the montane entomofauna of Mexico and Central America},
	journal = {Annual Review of Entomology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {95-114},
	author = {Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1657,
	title = {Fecal residues of Veterinary Parasiticides: nontarget effects in the Pasture environment},
	journal = {Annual Review of Entomology},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {153-179},
	abstract = {Residues of veterinary parasiticides in dung of treated livestock have nontarget effects on dung-breeding insects and dung degradation. Here, we review the nature and extent of these effects, examine the potential risks associated with different classes of chemicals, and describe how greater awareness of these nontarget effects has resulted in regulatory changes in the registration of veterinary products. },
	keywords = {drugs, Dung, environmental consequences, excretion, livestock},
	author = {Floate, K. D. and Wardhaugh, Keith G. and Boxall, Alistair B. A. and Sherratt, Thomas N.}
}
@article {2052,
	title = {Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean islands based on panbiogeographic and cladistic analyses of the entomofauna},
	journal = {Annual Review of Entomology},
	volume = {51},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {467-494},
	abstract = {Track and cladistic biogeographic analyses based on insect taxa are used as a framework to interpret patterns of the Latin American and Caribbean ento- mofauna by identifying biogeographic areas on the basis of endemicity and arranging them hierarchically in a system of regions, subregions, dominions, and provinces. The Nearctic region, inhabited by Holarctic insect taxa, comprises five provinces: California, Baja California, Sonora, Mexican Plateau, and Tamaulipas. The Mexi- can transition zone comprises five provinces: Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Balsas Basin, and Sierra Madre del Sur. The Neotropical region, which harbors many insect taxa with close relatives in the tropical areas of the Old World, comprises four subregions: Caribbean, Amazonian, Chacoan, and Parana. The South American transition zone comprises five provinces: North An- dean Paramo, Coastal Peruvian Desert, Puna, Atacama, Prepuna, and Monte. The An- dean region, which harbors insect taxa with close relatives in the Austral continents, comprises three subregions: Central Chilean, Subantarctic, and Patagonian. . R },
	keywords = {biogeography, biotic components, evolution, insect endemicity, provinces, regions},
	author = {Morrone, Juan J.}
}
