@article {1498,
	title = {Discontinuous gas-exchange cycles in Scarabaeus dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae): Mass-scaling and temperature dependence},
	journal = {Physiological and Biochemical Zoology},
	volume = {72},
	number = {5},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Times Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 38Cited References:      BUCK J, 1955, BIOL BULL, V109, P144     COSSINS AR, 1987, TEMPERATURE BIOL ANI     DUNCAN FD, 1997, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V22, P310     EDWARDS PB, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V75, P527     HACK MA, 1997, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V22, P325     HADLEY NF, 1993, J EXP BIOL, V177, P169     HAMILTON AG, 1964, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V160, P373     KANWISHER JW, 1966, BIOL BULL, V130, P96     KESTLER P, 1985, ENV PHYSL BIOCH INSE, P137     LEVY RI, 1966, J INSECT PHYSL, V12, P83     LEVY RI, 1966, J INSECT PHYSL, V12, P105     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P309     LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V163, P11     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P521     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P1613     LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J EXP BIOL, V180, P229     LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J EXP BIOL, V179, P233     LIGHTON JRB, 1992, J EXP BIOL, V173, P289     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V159, P249     LIGHTON JRB, 1990, J EXP BIOL, V154, P509     LIGHTON JRB, 1990, J EXP BIOL, V151, P71     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J EXP BIOL, V134, P363     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V42, P347     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J INSECT PHYSL, V34, P361     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V68, P43     LIGHTON JRB, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P142     LIGHTON JRB, 1985, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V58, P390     LOUW GN, 1986, J EXP BIOL, V120, P443     MILLER PL, 1974, PHYSL INSECTA, V4, P345     PETERS RH, 1983, ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATI     PUNT A, 1956, MULL PHYSL COMP OECO, V4, P132     PUNT A, 1950, PHYSL COMP OECOL, V2, P59     QUINLAN MC, 1993, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V66, P628     SCHMIDTNIELSEN K, 1997, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT     SCHNEIDERMAN HA, 1955, BIOL BULL, V109, P123     SOKAL RR, 1995, BIOMETRY PRINCIPLES     WASSERTHAL LT, 1996, ADV INSECT PHYSIOL, V26, P297     WILKINS MB, 1960, NATURE, V185, P481EnglishArticle263MHPHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL},
	month = {Sep-Oct},
	pages = {555-565},
	abstract = {Although discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC) are known from many insects, the effects of body size and temperature on DGC have not been widely examined. Here, these effects are investigated in five Scarabaeus dung beetle species from mesic and xeric habitats. The investigation tests two hypotheses: that previous estimates of the scaling exponents for the DGC and its characteristics are more broadly applicable to insects, and that, in response to temperature, both DGC frequency and the quantity of CO2 emitted during the open (O) phase (O-phase emission volume) are modulated. Like previous workers, we find that (V) over dot (CO2) scaled as mass(0.968) and that O-phase emission volume scaled as mass(0.968) . However, temperature- associated increases in (V) over dot (CO2) (Q(10){\textquoteright}s of 2.19- 2.65) were modulated mostly by increases in DGC frequency since O-phase volumes remained constant across temperature. Flutter (F)-phase and O-phase durations were closely coupled to DGC duration, although the relationship between closed (C)-phase duration and DGC duration was less pronounced. We show that ventilation phase coefficients, previously considered a measure of the proportional duration of each phase of the DGC, calculated from the slopes of these relationships are a measure of change in phase duration with change in DGC duration and not a measure of the way in which total DGC duration is apportioned among phases. We suggest that proportions be used to estimate the contribution of each of the phases to the total duration of the DGC.},
	keywords = {ant, emission, formicidae, hymenoptera, insects, metabolism, respiratory transpiration, ventilatory patterns, water-loss},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000084128100005},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V. and Chown, S. L. and Scholtz, C. H.}
}
@article {1549,
	title = {Discontinuous gas exchange in dung beetles: patterns and ecological implications},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {122},
	number = {4},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 11Cited Reference Count: 40Cited References:      BARTHOLOMEW GA, 1985, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V155, P155     BERNON G, 1981, THESIS U BOWLING GRE     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P22     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P36     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P51     CHOWN SL, 1995, FUNCT ECOL, V9, P30     DAVIS ALV, 1995, ACTA OECOL, V16, P641     DAVIS ALV, 1996, AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON, V58, P157     DOUBE BM, 1990, B ENTOMOL RES, V80, P259     DOUBE BM, 1983, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P357     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P133     DUNCAN FD, 1997, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V22, P310     DUNCAN FD, 1993, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V18, P372     FERREIRA MC, 1972, REV ENT MOCAM, V11, P5     HADLEY NF, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P175     HEINRICH B, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P489     HOLTER P, 1991, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V35, P281     KESTLER A, 1985, ENV PHYSL BIOCH INSE, P137     KLOK CJ, 1994, THESIS U PRETORIA     LIGHTON JRB, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P309     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, CONCISE ENCY BIOL BI, P201     LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V163, P11     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P521     LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P1613     LIGHTON JRB, 1992, J EXP BIOL, V173, P289     LIGHTON JRB, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V159, P249     LIGHTON JRB, 1990, J EXP BIOL, V151, P71     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J EXP BIOL, V134, P363     LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J INSECT PHYSL, V34, P361     LIGHTON JRB, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P142     LIGHTON JRB, 1985, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V58, P390     MILLER PL, 1981, LOCOMOTION ENERGETIC, P367     OSBERG D, 1988, THESIS U WITWATERSRA     OSBERG DC, 1992, J ENTOMOL SOC S AFR, V55, P85     OSBERG DC, 1993, TROP ZOOL, V6, P243     PASCHALIDIS KM, 1974, THESIS RHODES U GRAH     SCHMIDTNIELSEN K, 1980, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT     SLAMA K, 1988, WOODS HOLE OCEANOGR, V175, P289     TRIBE GD, 1976, THESIS U NATAL PIETE     ZAR JH, 1984, BIOSTATISTICAL ANALEnglishArticle303YGOECOLOGIA},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {452-458},
	abstract = {This study correlates a distinctive pattern of external gas exchanger referred to as the discontinuous gas exchange cycle (DGC), observed in the laboratory, with habitat associations of five species of telecoprid dung beetles. The beetles were chosen from a variety of habitats that would be expected to present different amounts of water stress. All five species exhibited DGC. Sisyphus fasciculatus has been recorded only in woodland areas, and does not have strict spiracular control during its DGC. Anachalcos convexus and Scarabaeus rusticus are associated with open mesic habitats. Both species exhibit a distinct DGC, previously found in some other insect species, but intermediate within this study group. Sc. flavicornis and Circellium bacchus are typically found in arid regions, and have the most unusual form of DGC with spiracular fluttering during the burst phase. These results support the hypothesis that spiracular fluttering reduces respiratory water loss. From this study we conclude that the DGC is an ancestral adaptation. most probably as a result of anoxic environments in underground burrows, but that spiracular control is enhanced to reduce respiratory water lass in beetle species that live in arid habitats.},
	keywords = {ant, COLEOPTERA, discontinuous gas exchange cycle, formicidae, habitat association, hymenoptera, namib desert, respiration, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, south-africa, telecoprid, tenebrionid beetles, terrestrial insects, ventilatory patterns},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000086455000002},
	author = {Duncan, F. D. and Byrne, M. J.}
}
@article {1694,
	title = {Effects of brood parasitism on host reproductive success: evidence from larval interactions among dung beetles},
	journal = {Oecologia},
	volume = {134},
	number = {2},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 57Cited References:      BEGON M, 1995, ECOLOGY INDIVIDUALS     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1971, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V11, P1     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1969, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V9, P223     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P156     CHAPMAN TA, 1869, ENTOMOL MONTH MAG, V5, P273     CLOUDSLEYTHOMPS.JL, 1991, ECOPHYSIOLOGY DESERT     CLUTTONBROCK TH, 1991, EVOLUTION PARENTAL C     DAVIS ALV, 1996, AFR J ECOL, V34, P258     DAY RW, 1989, ECOL MONOGR, V59, P433     DELLACASSA G, 1983, B MUS REG SCI NAT TO, V1, P1     DOUBE BM, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P371     GILLER PS, 1989, J ANIM ECOL, V58, P129     GITTINGS T, 1997, ECOGRAPHY, V20, P55     GITTINGS T, 1999, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V43, P439     GONZALEZMEGIAS A, 1999, THESIS U GRANADA GRA     HALFFTER G, 1966, FOLIA ENTOMOL MEXICO, V12, P1     HALFFTER G, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HAMMOND PM, 1976, COLEOPT B, V30, P245     HANSKI I, 1980, ANN ENTOMOL FENN, V46, P57     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1996, ECOL ENTOMOL, V21, P352     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1998, OECOLOGIA, V116, P136     HOLTER P, 1979, ECOL ENTOMOL, V4, P317     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOWDEN HF, 1955, J TENNESSEE ACAD SCI, V30, P64     HOWDEN HF, 1963, P US NAT MUS, V114, P1     KLEMPERER HG, 1980, ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOG, V5, P143     KREBS JR, 1993, INTRO BEHAV ECOLOGY     LANDIN BO, 1961, OPUSC ENTOMOL LUND S, V19, P1     LUMARET JP, 1987, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V24, P1     LUMARET JP, 1989, B ECOLOGIE, V20, P51     MARTINPIERA F, 1993, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V57, P15     MARTINPIERA F, 1984, EOS, V60, P101     MUNSTERSWENDSEN M, 2000, ECOL ENTOMOL, V25, P63     NOYMEIR I, 1979, ISRAEL J BOT, V28, P1     PAULIAN R, 1982, ENCY ENTOMOLOGY, V43     PETANIDOU T, 1995, BIOL J LINN SOC, V55, P261     PITTINO R, 1986, GIORNALE ITALIANO EN, V3, P1     POLIS GA, 1991, AM NAT, V138, P123     RASA OAE, 1996, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V83, P575     RICE WR, 1989, EVOLUTION, V43, P223     ROSENHEIM JA, 1989, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V25, P335     ROTHSTEIN SI, 1998, PARASITIC BIRDS THEI     ROUGON D, 1982, B SOC ENTOMOL FR, V87, P272     ROUGON D, 1980, CR ACAD SCI D NAT, V291, P417     ROUGON D, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P230     ROUGON D, 1980, REV ECOL BIOL SOL, V17, P379     SANCHEZPINERO F, 1994, THESIS U GRANADA GRA     SMITH JN, 2000, ECOLOGY MANAGEMENT C     SPOFFORD M, 1986, J NAT HIST, V26, P993     STEVENSON BG, 1985, COLEOPTERISTS B, V39, P215     TALLAMY DW, 1984, BIOSCIENCE, V34, P20     TORCHIO PF, 1992, ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM, V85, P713     TORCHIO PF, 1972, MELANDERIA, V10, P1     TRINE CL, 1998, PARASITIC BIRDS THEI, P273     TRUMBO ST, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P347     VOLLRATH F, 1984, STRATEGIES EXPLOTATI, P61     ZAR JH, 1996, BIOSTATISTICAL ANALEnglishArticle642UHOECOLOGIA},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {195-202},
	abstract = {This paper investigates the effect of brood parasitism in a dung beetle assemblage in an arid region of Spain. The study was conducted during the spring season (March-May 1994-1998) using mesh cylinders buried into the ground, filled with sand and with sheep dung on top. We quantified the proportion of nests containing larvae of parasitic beetles and their effect on host larvae survival. Experiments on the effect of parasitic larvae on host-larvae survival were conducted by placing scarab brood masses (raised from captive scarabs in the laboratory) in containers with and without aphodiid larvae. During the spring, dung desiccation is rapid, preventing aphodiids nesting in the dung, and forcing these species to adopt brood parasitism as a nesting strategy. Parasitic aphodiids were found in 12-47\% of scarab nests of three species. The incidence of brood parasitization was positively related with the number of brood masses contained in the nests, being also higher in the most abundant species. Field data and experiments showed that brood parasites significantly reduced host larvae survival from 74.8\% in non-parasitized nests to 8.8\% in parasitized nests. Because different rates of nest parasitization and mortality were caused by parasites, brood parasitism had a differential effect on different host species. Thus, brood, parasitism constitutes an important mortality factor reducing the reproductive success of the host species and potentially affecting the beetle abundance in the area.},
	keywords = {abundance, aphodius ater, assemblage, cleptoparasite, COLEOPTERA, community, coprophagous beetles, desert ecology, hymenoptera, intraspecific competition, kleptoparasitism, Larval mortality, resource utilization, Scarabaeidae},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000180822900005},
	author = {Gonzalez-Megias, A. and Sanchez-Pinero, F.}
}
@article {2208,
	title = {Predation on Atta laevigata (Smith 1858) (Formicidae Attini) by Canthon virens (Mannerheim 1829) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {digital},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {1-7},
	abstract = {We present observations on the predation and burying of Atta laevigata (Smith 1858) by Canthon virens (Mannerheim 1829) in Brazil. A specialized sequence of burying behavior was observed in 2 consecutive years. No relationship was found between predator and prey size. Up to eight beetles can attack a single ant simultaneously Both male and female beetles prey on ants, but only males attack alone. For the first time we report ants successfully removing beetles from their backs. This behavior may account for the low predation efficiency of C. virens.},
	keywords = {cerrado, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, hymenoptera, leaf-cutter ants, nesting behavior, SELECTION, size},
	isbn = {0394-6975},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000240785600001 },
	author = {Silveira, F. A. O. and Santos, J. C. and Viana, L. R. and Falqueto, S. A. and Vaz-De-Mello, F. Z. and Fernandes, G. W.}
}
