03032nas a2200337   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260000800231300001000239490000700249520210400256653001702360653002602377653001502403653001402418653001702432653001702449653001402466653000902480653002602489653001802515653001602533653001002549653001702559653001702576653001702593653001802610653001102628100002102639856003402660       2002                        eng d00aDung beetle diversity in South Africa: influential factors, conservation status, data inadequacies and survey design0 aDung beetle diversity in South Africa influential factors conser  cMar  a53-650 v103 aDung beetles are useful as indicators in conservation and global warming studies owing to their specialized regional and local distribution patterns. However, existing South African data are inadequate for indication at the necessary degree of spatial resolution. To improve the database, Survey methods need to Lie designed according to the spatial and temporal factors that influence dung beetle diversity. Across four major climatic regions, there are seven principal species distribution centres for dung beetles in which activity is influenced primarily by difference, in rainfall seasonality and temperature, Across these regions, generic endemism is largely concentrated around the coastline and in montane areas. The conservation status of endemic genera is discussed. At a local scale, spatial diversity is influenced primarily by soil, vegetation and dung type. Maximum local diversity of dung beetles is observed after rainfall and decreases as surface conditions become warmer and drier. After workshop discussions, a coarse-grained, asymmetrical gradsect survey grid has been designed according to vegetative, climatic and land-usage gradients across South Africa. It is suggested that each survey point across these regional gradients should comprise a quarter-degree square in which local ecological gradients should be surveyed for invertebrates, Baited pitfall trapping is an easy method to provide quantitative data for dung beetles across such environmental gradients. Lining up each catch on a tray provides a relatively quick way to compare the specimens, identify the species present, and provide a quantitative assessment of species abundance. Data collection may be conducted on one or more occasion., to accommodate seasonal and daily variation in species occurrence. This exercise could identify localities suitable for ecotourism reserves representative of the variation in ecotypes across the country, particularly, in coastal, natural grass and wooded regions, where many invertebrate taxa are endangered by habitat fragmentation including some rare dung beetle species.10aassociations10abiodiversity hotspots10aCOLEOPTERA10acommunity10aconsequences10aconservation10adiversity10aDung10ahabitat fragmentation10ahydrophilidae10apopulations10as str10aScarabaeidae10aScarabaeinae10asouth africa10astaphylinidae10asurvey1 aDavis, A., L. V.  u<Go to ISI>://00017624700000600757nas a2200193   4500008004100000245011700041210006900158300001200227490000700239653005300246653001700299653001700316653001700333653001700350100002200367700002100389700002200410856013100432       1992                        eng d00aA comparative study of the structure of the scarab guild in Mexican tropical rain forests and derived ecosystems0 acomparative study of the structure of the scarab guild in Mexica  a131-1560 v8410acommunity ecology (biological conservation 2007)10aconservation10amodification10aScarabaeidae10aScarabaeinae1 aHalffter, Gonzalo1 aFavila, Mario, E1 aHalffter, Violeta  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/comparative-study-structure-scarab-guild-mexican-tropical-rain-forests-and-derived-ecosystems02981nas a2200337   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260000800217300001200225490000700237520204300244653001602287653001802303653001502321653001702336653002102353653001202374653002402386653002202410653001502432653001502447653001702462653001402479653001702493653002102510653001902531100002002550700002502570700001402595856003402609       2002                        eng d00aThe verification and application of bioindicators: a case study of dung beetles in a savanna ecosystem0 averification and application of bioindicators a case study of du  cAug  a661-6720 v393 a1.Bioindicators of habitat quality and environmental change must be identified quantitatively and tested independently to confirm their usefulness. We used the indicator value (IndVal ) method, which combines measures of habitat fidelity and specificity, to assess the indicator responses of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa. The indicator responses were verified by sampling in different areas of the Park, 2 years after the responses were originally quantified. 2. We postulated that terrestrial insect indicators with different combinations of habitat specificity and fidelity might fulfil different indicator roles. Indicator species with strong habitat specificity (characteristic species) are unlikely to provide information on the direction of ecological change despite high vulnerability. Rather, detector species that span a range of ecological states are likely to be better in this role. We used IndVal for selecting such detector species that indicate the direction of ecological change. 3. Sets of species were found to be robust bioindicators, i.e. reliably characteristic across the habitat of which they were indicative. The suite of indicators was refined by discarding those with IndVal s that varied significantly across years, thus improving the confidence in the final suite of species selected. By clearly responding to a change in habitat between two ecological states, detector species provided information complementary to that provided by characteristic species. 4. The IndVal method enabled both the identification and testing of indicator (characteristic and detector) species. Because of its resilience to changes in abundance, IndVal is a particularly effective tool for ecological bioindication. 5. We conclude that both characteristic and detector species are useful bioindicators of habitat quality and conversion. We propose that bioindicators that are categorized and verified in this way will have valuable application in the monitoring of habitat integrity.10aassemblages10abioindication10aCOLEOPTERA10aconservation10adetector species10ahabitat10ahabitat specificity10aindicator species10aindicators10arange size10aScarabaeidae10aSELECTION10asouth-africa10aspecies richness10atransformation1 aMcGeoch, M., A.1 aVan Rensburg, B., J.1 aBotes, A.  u<Go to ISI>://000177255000011