02408nas a2200229   4500008004100000245013600041210006900177300001200246490000700258520158000265653001801845653001801863653001601881653002101897653001801918653002101936100002001957700002301977700002002000700002002020856013802040       2007                        eng d00aRoles of endothermy in niche differentiation for ball-rolling dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) along an altitudinal gradient0 aRoles of endothermy in niche differentiation for ballrolling dun  a544-5510 v323 a    1.   An analysis of whether niche differentiation in ball-rolling dung beetles can be explained by the way in which they regulate their body temperature was conducted.  2.    A priori  assumptions were: (i) if thermoregulation affects niche partitioning, sympatric species must have different endothermic strategies that minimise encounters; or, alternatively (ii) if two co-occurring species show the same thermoregulation pattern and their flight periods overlap, they might be avoiding competition by exhibiting different resource preferences or different food relocation behaviour.  3.   The ball-rolling dung beetles studied showed a hierarchical structure based on the species’ endothermic capacity, measured as temperature excess [ T  ex  = difference between body temperature ( T  b ) and ambient temperature ( T  a )]. Those with a high  T  ex  (10 – 15 °C) were located exclusively at altitudes >1000 m a.s.l. On the coastal plains, species with a high  T  ex  were restricted to flying at night when the  T  a  was lower. Species with a lower  T  ex  (less than 10 °C higher than  T  a ) were found in the coastal plains zone.  4.   Where there was sympatry with similar trophic habits, the species involved showed very different thermal niches, and where there was significant overlap of thermal niches between sympatric species, trophic habits of species were very different.  5.   The results suggest that it is possible to use the concept of the thermal niche as a tool to explain interspecific interactions and the spatial distribution of species.  10aEcophysiology10aniche overlap10aNull models10aScarabaeoidea  .10athermal niche10athermoregulation1 aVerdu, Jose, R.1 aArellano, Lucrecia1 aNuma, Catherine1 aMico, Estefania  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/roles-endothermy-niche-differentiation-ball-rolling-dung-beetles-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-along-altit00695nas a2200133   4500008004100000245006800041210006300109300001000172490000700182520024000189100002000429700002100449856009100470       1997                        eng d00aA new Trichillum Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Uruguay0 anew Trichillum Harold Coleoptera Scarabaeidae from Uruguay  a93-980 v513 aTrichillum morellii, a new species of Scarabaeidae from Uruguay, is described and illustrated. A key to the subgenus Trichillurn Harold is also provided. The study includes brief remarks about ecological preferences and daily activity.1 aVerdu, Jose, R.1 aGalante, Eduardo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/new-trichillum-harold-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-uruguay02089nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001200212490000700224520137900231653001401610653002201624653001701646653002301663653001801686653001301704100002001717700002101737856012501758       2001                        eng d00aLarval morphology and breeding behavior of the genus Pedaridium Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aLarval morphology and breeding behavior of the genus Pedaridium   a596-6040 v943 aThe third-instar larva and breeding behavior of Pedaridium almeidai Pereira and P. brasiliensis Ferreira & Galileo are described using material collected at Sa ̃ o Paulo, Brazil, and, the third-instar larva of P. adisi (Ratcliffe) is redescribed. The most important morphological charac- teristics for larval stages are found in the epipharynx, the setation of the venter of the last abdominal segment, the endoskeletal lines of the anal lobes, the mandibles, and the respiratory plate of the thoracic spiracle. A key to the known larvae of the genus Pedaridium is also provided. Results show that P. almeidai is more similar to P. adisi than P. brasiliensis. The presence/absence of stridulatory areas on the mandibles, the form of the frontal suture, the form of the sensorial area of the antennae, the form of the molar and scissorial areas of the mandibles, and the different size and form of the lacinia suggest a possible polyphyly of the genus Pedaridium. Results conÞrm the endocoprid breeding behavior of Pedaridium, which together with Trichillum, represents the most primitive breeding pattern of Scarabaeinae. In the species studied, there is neither food relocation nor brood ball construction. This primitive breeding behavior implies exploitation without modiÞcation or relocation of the resource. Possible kleptoparasitism was observed in P. brasiliensis.10aAteuchini10abreeding patterns10aDung beetles10alarval description10aScarabaeoidea10ataxonomy1 aVerdu, Jose, R.1 aGalante, Eduardo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/larval-morphology-and-breeding-behavior-genus-pedaridium-harold-coleoptera-scarabaeidae02582nas a2200157   4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001200195490000700207520200000214100002002214700002102234700002502255700003502280856010902315       2004                        eng d00aPhylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae0 aPhylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae Coleoptera Scarabaeoidea ba  a509-5230 v293 aThirty-eight characters derived from the larvae of Geotrupidae (Scarabaeoidea, Coleoptera) were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian infer- ence. Trees were rooted with two Trogidae species and one species of Pleocomidae as outgroups. The monophyly of Geotrupidae (including Bolboceratinae) is supported by four autapomorphies: abdominal segments 3–7 with two dorsal annulets, chaetoparia and acanthoparia of the epipharynx not prominent, glossa and hypopharynx fused and without sclerome, trochanter and femur without fossorial setae. Bolboceratinae showed notable differences with Pleocomidae, being more related to Geotrupinae than to other groups. Odonteus species (Bolboceratinae s.str.) appear to constitute the closest sister group to Geotrupi- nae. Polyphyly of Bolboceratinae is implied by the following apomorphic char- acters observed in the ‘Odonteus lineage’: anterior and posterior epitormae of epipharynx developed, tormae of epipharynx fused, oncyli of hypopharynx devel- oped, tarsal claws reduced or absent, plectrum and pars stridens of legs well developed and apex of antennal segment 2 with a unique sensorium. A ‘Bolbelas- mus lineage’ is supported by the autapomorphic presence of various sensoria on the apex of the antennal segment, and the subtriangular labrum (except Eucanthus). This group constituted by Bolbelasmus, Bolbocerosoma and Eucanthus is the first evidence for a close relationship among genera, but more characters should be analysed to test the support for the clade. A preliminary classification at tribe level of Geotrupinae is suggested as follows: Chromogeotrupini (type genus Chromogeotrupes), Lethrini (type genus Lethrus), Taurocerastini (type genus Taurocerastes) and Geotrupini (type genus Geotrupes). Some ecological facts of Geotrupidae evolution could also be explained by the present results, such as those related to diet and nesting behaviour. Both coprophagy and male–female co-operation in nesting appear as derived traits. 1 aVerdu, Jose, R.1 aGalante, Eduardo1 aLumaret, Jean-Pierre1 aCabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/phylogenetic-analysis-geotrupidae-coleoptera-scarabaeoidea-based-larvae02525nas a2200253   4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001200207490000800219520166500227653002901892653001501921653002701936653002201963653001701985653001702002100002002019700002402039700002702063700002002090700002102110700002202131856011802153       2007                        eng d00aGrazing promotes dung beetle diversity in the xeric landscape of a Mexican Biosphere Reserve0 aGrazing promotes dung beetle diversity in the xeric landscape of  a308-3170 v1403 aWe analyze the impact of grazing on dung beetle diversity at the Barranca de Metztitla ́ n Biosphere Reserve, a xeric ecosystem in central Mexico with a long history of use by humans. We compared the community structure, as well as the alpha and beta diversity between two cover conditions (open and closed vegetation) that represent the impact of grazing within a habitat, and between habitat types (submountainous and crassicaule scrublands). From 576 samples we collected 75,605 dung beetles belonging to 20 taxa. While mean species richness and diversity were different between habitat types, cumulative spe- cies richness was not. The effects of grazing on vegetation structure influenced the cumu- lative species richness and diversity of dung beetles in the submountainous scrubland, where grazing has created land mosaics of a grassland matrix with scrubland patches. This was not the case in the crassicaule scrubland where the impact of grazing is not as evident. Beta diversity significantly responds to the effects of grazing on habitat conditions. We dis- cuss the ecological factors that may promote these responses by landscape diversity com- ponents. We also identify the species that could act as useful indicators to monitor the effect of land management on biodiversity. Our results indicate cattle farming maintains a diversified land mosaic, and these areas support more diverse dung beetle ensembles than homogeneous areas of closed, shrubby vegetation cover. Thus, controlled grazing activity could certainly favour the conservation of dung beetle biodiversity and improve ecosystem functioning by maintaining dung decomposition rates. 10aAlpha and beta diversity10aAphodiinae10aBarranca de Metztitlan10aindicator species10aLand mosaics10aScarabaeidae1 aVerdu, Jose, R.1 aMoreno, Claudia, E.1 aSanchez-Rojas, Gerardo1 aNuma, Catherine1 aGalante, Eduardo1 aHalffter, Gonzalo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/grazing-promotes-dung-beetle-diversity-xeric-landscape-mexican-biosphere-reserve01971nas a2200217   4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001200224490000800236520118200244653001801426653001701444653001701461653001701478653003001495653003101525100001801556700002001574700002101594856013801615       2007                        eng d00aSpecies richness in Mediterranean agroecosystems: spatial and temporal analysis for biodiversity conservation0 aSpecies richness in Mediterranean agroecosystems spatial and tem  a113-1210 v1343 aWe used dung beetles as an indicator group to identify the most important habitats for bio- diversity conservation in a Mediterranean traditional agroecosystem. The relationships between traditional grazing and farming activities and biodiversity were analysed by com- paring species richness and temporal turnover across three different habitat types, defined according to vegetation structure and human land use. In this study, both spatial (land- scape, among-habitats) and temporal (intra-annual, seasonal) analyses were contemplated at mesoscale. The measurement and use of temporal beta diversity (i.e. an index of temporal species turnover) in conservation biology showed that it is a simple method to characterize and compare different habitat species-assemblages, particularly when time seems to be a sig- nificant factor in explaining biodiversity features. Our results showed open mosaic areas as the richest and most temporally heteroge- neous habitats. We suggest the maintenance of traditional human activities carried out in these areas, since they have been a significant diversification agent, to avoid the loss of the high Mediterranean biological diversity. 10aagroecosystem10abiodiversity10aconservation10aDung beetles10aMountainous Mediterranean10aTemporal turnover measures1 aZamora, Jorge1 aVerdu, Jose, R.1 aGalante, Eduardo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/species-richness-mediterranean-agroecosystems-spatial-and-temporal-analysis-biodiversity-conservatio