02926nas a2200241   4500008004100000245017800041210006900219300001200288490000700300520192700307653001402234653001602248653003902264653004202303653002802345653002602373653005002399653003802449653001802487653001602505100002502521856013802546       1993                        eng d00aBiogeographical groups in a southern African, winter rainfall, dung beetle assemblage (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) - consequences of climatic history and habitat fragmentation0 aBiogeographical groups in a southern African winter rainfall dun  a306-3270 v313 aA study was made of the effects of climate and habitat fragmentation on the biogeographical composition of the dung beetle fauna (Scarabaeinae, Coprinae) in the southwestern Cape, winter rainfall region of South Africa. The fauna was studied at eleven sites and 45 species were recorded. Three geographical species groups (1, 2, 3) were defined for 38 of the species using multivariate techniques. The other seven species have dissimilar widespread distributions and are treated as a fourth group (4). Two groups (1, 3) comprising 31 and three species, respectively, are either endemic or largely restricted to the winter and bimodal rainfall regions of southern Africa. They show extreme numerical dominance in indigenous shrubland but are also well-represented in pasture. Groups 1 and 3 comprise primarily day-flying taxa with an overall peak in abundance during the moist spring. These endemic groups are probably associated with the inception of winter rainfall climate during the Pliocene +- 3 million years before present. The other two groups (2, 4) have a distribution extending into the adjacent summer rainfall region. In the southwestern Cape, they are found predominantly in recently-created pastures. They include equal numbers of day and dusk/night-flying species with peaks in abundance mainly during the dry summer. Most species of these two groups are taxonomically distant from endemic taxa. Frequency of Group 2 relative to climate was greatest in the westerly summer rainfall region one whereas that of Group 4 was greatest in the south-easterly bimodal rainfall region. As most members of Groups 2 and 4 show limited penetration into indigenous shrubland, the findings suggest that these summer-active groups dispersed from the summer rainfall into the winter rainfall region via western and eastern coastal corridors in response to the thinning or clearance of the formerly ubiquitous native shrubs.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aBiogeography- (Population-Studies)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera- (Coleoptera10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aPhysiology-1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/biogeographical-groups-southern-african-winter-rainfall-dung-beetle-assemblage-coleoptera-scarabaeid02432nas a2200253   4500008004100000245011800041210006900159300001200228490000700240520147800247653001401725653001601739653004201755653003001797653002601827653005001853653003801903653001801941653000601959653001601965653003401981100002502015856013802040       1995                        eng d00aDaily weather variation and temporal dynamics in an Afrotropical dung beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aDaily weather variation and temporal dynamics in an Afrotropical  a641-6560 v163 aThe influence of weather on dung beetle community dynamics was studied in grassland, open woodland and thickets in Gauteng Province, South Africa. To avoid seasonal effects, sampling was restricted to 18 days during November and December. An examination was made both of dung beetle responses to physical variables and of daily changes in their community structure between habitat patches (dung-baited traps). Recruitment of general adults showed a weaker response to physical variables (rainfall, soil hardness, radiant heat, sub-surface soil temperature) than activity of mature adults which was most frequently correlated to rainfall. There was a range in species responses to rainfall from much higher proportional abundance on moist days to somewhat greater abundance on drier days. Such variable responses led to daily changes in the proportional abundance of moist-adapted and dry-tolerant species groups. Daily changes from low to high species richness were also associated with increased rainfall. These changes led to increased diversity and greater functional complexity of the numerically dominant species component. Abundance of most numerically dominant species increased from low to high species richness. Their rank position either increased, decreased or remained similar. It is concluded that during the summer rainy season, incidence of rainfall is an important determinant of temporal dynamics in dung beetle community structure between habitat patches.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera- (Coleoptera-)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aP10aPhysiology-10aPlantae-Unspecified: Plantae-1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/daily-weather-variation-and-temporal-dynamics-afrotropical-dung-beetle-community-coleoptera-scarabae02675nas a2200229   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001200229490000700241520172700248653003901975653004202014653005002056653003802106653002402144653004302168653001602211653002902227100002502256700002602281856013802307       1993                        eng d00aClimatic and biogeographical associations of Kenyan and northern Tanzanian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aClimatic and biogeographical associations of Kenyan and northern  a290-3050 v313 aThe equatorial East African highlands were uplifted in the Pliocene, and together with the associated arid lowlands, they delimit several endemic climatic regions. They also form the eastern and northern limits, respectively, of climate types extending westwards across Central and West Africa and southwards into Southern Africa. This climatic convergence made East Africa an ideal area to survey for dung beetles (Scarabaeinae, Copinae) useful as control agents of dung-breeding flies in Australia where a similar range fox climatic regions occurs. Similarities in climatic range between the 104 species showing the broadest frequency distributions were determined using cluster analysis and depicted on a dendrogram. Three groups were defined at the 25% level of similarity. One group comprised a single montane species endemic to East Africa. A second group (41 spp.) was numerically dominated by East Africa endemics and associated with endemic East African lowland and Southern African climate types. The third group (62 spp.) was primarily associated with upland climate types. Three upland subgroups, defined at the 43% level of similarity, were dominated by East African endemics and were associated both with endemic East African highland and more broad-based climate types. A fourth subgroup was dominated by climate generalists showing widespread tropical and temperate biogeographical associations. Overall, the most common distribution patterns were East African endemism, range restricted to East and Southern Africa, and pan-African distribution. On the criterion of widespread distribution, about a third of the East African fauna was especially suitable for introduction into Austrailian for fly control.10aBiogeography- (Population-Studies)10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aEconomic-Entomology10aPest-Assessment-Control-and-Management10aPhysiology-10aSystematics-and-Taxonomy1 aDavis, Adrian, L. V.1 aDewhurst, Charles, F.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/climatic-and-biogeographical-associations-kenyan-and-northern-tanzanian-dung-beetles-coleoptera-scar02282nas a2200265   4500008004100000245013600041210006900177300001000246490000700256520130500263653001401568653001601582653001401598653004201612653002601654653005001680653003801730653002901768653001401797653001801811653001601829653001601845100001701861856013801878       1992                        eng d00aDung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) active in patchy forest and pasture habitats in Santa Cruz Province, Bolivia, during spring0 aDung beetles Coleoptera Scarabaeidae active in patchy forest and  a45-540 v843 aThe abundance, habitat preferences and flight periods of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in spring was obtained by using cattle dung baited pitfall traps at 4 sites in patchy forest and pasture habitats in Santa Cruz Province, Bolivia. Nine species were trapped in the forest habitat and 4 in the pasture habitat. One species, Onthophagus ptox was trapped in forest and pasture habitats, the other species were stenotopic, found only in forest or only in pasture. Twice as many beetles were attracted to the forest traps but their mean dry weight (biomass/beetle) was 3 times less than the mean dry weight of pasture species. The most important beetles (in terms of biomass) in the forest, Eurysternus caribeus and Ontherus appendiculatus were similar in size and had the same flight periods but their dung utilization methods were different. The most important beetles in the pasture habitat had different flight activities, Gromphas aeruginosa flying during the day and Ontherus sulcator during the night. When forest is cleared, stenotopic forest dung beetles will disappear resulting in reduced species richness. The effect of reduced dung beetle activity in patchy forest could impact on soil structure fertility and water retention making it difficult for reestablishment of the forest.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aBehavior-10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aEurysternus-caribaeus (C10aForestry-10aInvertebrata-10aMetabolism-10aPhysiology-1 aKirk, A., A.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/dung-beetles-coleoptera-scarabaeidae-active-patchy-forest-and-pasture-habitats-santa-cruz-province-b02216nas a2200301   4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260000900189300001000198490000700208520127200215653001401487653001601501653001401517653001401531653002601545653005001571653002401621653003801645653002601683653001801709653001401727653001501741653001601756100002101772700001701793856010401810       1996                        eng d00aA comparative discussion of trophic preferences in dung beetle communities0 acomparative discussion of trophic preferences in dung beetle com  c1996  a13-310 v193 aAvailable information on trophic preferences of dung beetles (Scarabaeoidea) in different biogeographic regions is reviewed. Trophic resource partitioning in a dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) community in the "Parque Nacional de Donana", Spain, was also studied, using nine different kinds of wild and domestic vertebrate excrement as trap bait. Undifferentiated attraction to human and herbivore faeces was noted. Human and domestic ungulate faeces was colonized by a richer fauna than that of wild herbivores, which was not the specialized trophic adaptation of any species. Although polyphagy is the most common feeding behaviour, the excrement of carnivores and other omnivores was hardly colonized. This pattern differs from that of other biogeographic regions. Negligible importance of the trophic dimension on the structure of these communities may be due to the early presence of man in the Palaearctic Region. Nevertheless, human interference alone cannot have led to an absence of true polyphagy (undifferentiated attraction to all kinds of faeces). Further research is suggested, aimed at determining whether observed resource partitioning in dung beetles communities is a consequence of human colonization or is a pre-Neolithic evolutionary event.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aBehavior-10aChordata-10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10adung-beetles (Coleo10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aHominidae-: Primates-10aInvertebrata-10aMammalia-10aNutrition-10aVertebrata-1 aMartin-Piera, F.1 aLobo, J., M.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/comparative-discussion-trophic-preferences-dung-beetle-communities01753nas a2200289   4500008004100000245018700041210006900228260000900297300001200306490000700318520063000325653001400955653001600969653002600985653005001011653002301061653003801084653002401122653001001146653001801156653001501174653004301189100003501232700003101267700002701298856013801325       1995                        eng d00aBiological control of horn fly (Haematobia irritans irritans) in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul State: 6. Population dynamics of fimicolous insects except for coprophagous Scarabaeidae0 aBiological control of horn fly Haematobia irritans irritans in S  c1995  a287-2960 v393 aFimiculous insects associated with Guzera cattle were obtained by weekly dissection of dung pats of varying age, from January 1991 to January 1992, in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The main insect groups found were in the families Histeridae, Staphylinidae, Hymenoptera (mostly ants) and Isoptera. Histerid populations were greater on dung pats from the rainy season, while Staphylinidae and Hymenoptera and Isoptera were more frequenton dung pats during the dry season. Histeridae, Staphylinidae, Hymenoptera werefound mostly in older droppings, except for the oldest ones, where Isoptera were typically found.10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aDiptera-: Insecta-10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aEconomic-Entomology10aInver10aInvertebrata-10aPathology-10aPest-Assessment-Control-and-Management1 aFlechtmann, Carlos, Alberto He1 aRodrigues, Sergio, Roberto1 aGaspareto, Celso, Luiz  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/biological-control-horn-fly-haematobia-irritans-irritans-selviria-mato-grosso-do-sul-state-6-populat01587nas a2200265   4500008004100000245005900041210005900100300001200159490000700171520074200178653001400920653001600934653002600950653005000976653003801026653001801064653001501082653003401097653003201131653001701163653001601180653001701196100001901213856008901232       1993                        eng d00aNatural Manuring and Soil Conditioning by Dung Beetles0 aNatural Manuring and Soil Conditioning by Dung Beetles  a150-1590 v343 aTo assess the role of dung beetles in conditioning and revitalizing the soil, field and laboratory studies were conducted on three species: Onitis philemon F., O. virens Lansb. and Onthophagus catta (F.). In addition to dung burial and soil excavation, the depth and diameter of their burrows, the nitrogen deposited and the work performed per unit area were also recorded. Dung incorporated per burrow was maximum by O. virens (43.8 +- 6.1 g), followed by O. philemon (21.2 +- 0.9 g) and O. catta (1.6 +- 0.2 g). However, the total work done in an area depended on their population density. Accordingly, the amount of dung deposited per hectare was largest by O. philemon (10.6 kg), followed by O. virens (6.6 kg) and O. catta (1.4 kg).10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aNutrition-10aOnitis-philemon (Coleoptera-)10aOnitis-virens (Coleoptera-)10aOnthophagus-10aPhysiology-10aSoil-Science1 aMittal, I., C.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/natural-manuring-and-soil-conditioning-dung-beetles01999nas a2200277   4500008004100000245015800041210006900199300001200268490000600280520094900286653004501235653003601280653001401316653001601330653001401346653002601360653005001386653003801436653001801474653001601492653001701508100001901525700001801544700002101562856013801583       1993                        eng d00aHabitat specificity in African dung beetles: The effect of soil type on dung burial by two species of ball-rolling dung beetles (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae)0 aHabitat specificity in African dung beetles The effect of soil t  a243-2510 v63 aThe dung burial ability of two congeneric ball-rolling dung beetles, Allogymnopleurus thalassinus Klug 1855 and Allogymnopleurus consocius Peringuey 1900 was investigated in field experiments in three different textural classes of sod at contrasting moisture levels in order to seek an explanation for their strong associations with particular soil types in the field. The success and depth of burial of dung balls was measured and was strongly associated with sod hardness. Both species were unable to bury dung in soil with a hardness greater than 2 kg/cm-2. Beetles were able to utilize both sand and clay sods for dung burial sites provided the soil was soft. Hard-setting sandy clay soils exceeded the hardness threshold except during brief periods following rain but the deep sand and self-mulching clay soils did not exceed this threshold even when dry. The restriction of each species to soft soils of a particular texture is discussed.10aAllogymnopleurus-consocius (Coleoptera-)10aAllogymnopleurus-thalassinus (C10aAnimalia-10aArthropoda-10aBehavior-10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aPhysiology-10aSoil-Science1 aOsberg, D., C.1 aDoube, B., M.1 aHanrahan, S., A.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/habitat-specificity-african-dung-beetles-effect-soil-type-dung-burial-two-species-ball-rolling-dung-01821nas a2200265   4500008004100000245006100041210006100102300001200163490000700175520097600182653001001158653001401168653003101182653001601213653004201229653002601271653001701297653005001314653003801364653001801402653001501420653001601435100001901451856008501470       1995                        eng d00aTesting for seasonal displacement in a dung beetle guild0 aTesting for seasonal displacement in a dung beetle guild  a173-1770 v183 aThe temporal overlap between seasonal distribution of adults of 14 congeneric dung beetle species (Aphodius spp.) was determined during one year, based on 11122 captures. The mean seasonal distribution of adults (mean of the sampling dates weighted by the abundance value) was analyzed to elucidate deviations from randomness. In addition, the effect of the shape of seasonal distribution of adults was investigated. In both analyses randomization methods were used. A clear trend exists maximizing the temporal displacement between middle points of chronologically consecutive species: newly emerging species appear every 26 +- 16 days. This trend minimizes the number of species pairs with no or very little temporal overlap. In contrast, the mean temporal overlap of the whole guild seems unaffected, with some species pairs showing a large temporal overlap. Whether the observed pattern can be attributed to interspecific competition must be addressed experimentally.10aanima10aAnimalia-10aAphodius-sp. (Coleoptera-)10aArthropoda-10aClimatology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aColeoptera-: Insecta-10aDevelopment-10aDigestive-System (Ingestion-and-Assimilation)10aEcology- (Environmental-Sciences)10aInvertebrata-10aNutrition-10aPhysiology-1 aPalmer, Miquel  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/testing-seasonal-displacement-dung-beetle-guild