02242nas a2200313   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260001200217300001200229490000700241520132400248653002901572653002501601653001801626653001301644653002001657653002401677653000801701653002401709653001901733653001601752653003801768653001401806653002101820653002101841653001201862100002001874856003401894       2002                        eng d00aSexual selection and condition dependence of courtship display in three species of horned dung beetles0 aSexual selection and condition dependence of courtship display i  cNov-Dec  a791-7990 v133 aSexual selection has traditionally been divided into competition over mates and mate choice. Currently, models of sexual selection predict that sexual traits are expressed in proportion to the condition of their bearer. In horned beetles, male contest competition is well established, but studies on female preferences are scarce. Here I present data on male mating success and condition dependence of courtship rate in three species of horn-dimorphic thing beetles, Onthaphagus taurus, Onthophagus binodis, and Onthophagus australis. I found that in the absence of male contest competition, mating success of O. taurus and O. australis was unrelated to their horn length and body size, whereas in O. binodis horn size had a negative effect but body size had a positive effect on male mating success. Overall, in O. binodis major morph males had greater mating success than minor morph males. In all three species male mating success was affected by courtship rate, and the Courtship rate was condition dependent such that when males were manipulated to be in poor condition they had lower courtship rates than males that were manipulated to be in good condition. My findings provide new insight into the mating systems of horned dung beetles and support an important assumption in indicator models of sexual selection.10aalternative reproductive10acondition dependence10aFEMALE CHOICE10agradient10ahorn dimorphism10ahorned dung beetles10alek10alogistic regression10amating success10aOnthophagus10aonthophagus-acuminatus coleoptera10aSELECTION10asexual selection10astalk-eyed flies10atactics1 aKotiaho, J., S.  u<Go to ISI>://00017950430001100743nas a2200169   4500008004100000245016400041210006900205300001200274490000600286653002700292653003600319653001600355653002600371653001600397100002200413856013800435       1998                        eng d00aHorn polyphenism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus: larval diet quality and plasticity in parental investment determine adult body size and male horn morphology0 aHorn polyphenism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus larval diet qu  a636-6410 v910aalternative phenotypes10afacultative parental investment10aOnthophagus10aphenotypic plasticity10aPolyphenism1 aMoczek, Armin, P.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/horn-polyphenism-beetle-onthophagus-taurus-larval-diet-quality-and-plasticity-parental-investment-de00760nas a2200193   4500008004100000245012800041210006900169300001200238490000700250653001200257653003600269653002200305653001600327653002600343653001600369653002100385100002200406856013800428       1999                        eng d00aFacultative paternal investment in the polyphenic beetle Onthophagus taurus; the role of male morphology and social context0 aFacultative paternal investment in the polyphenic beetle Onthoph  a641-6470 v1010abeetles10afacultative parental investment10ahonest indicators10aOnthophagus10aphenotypic plasticity10aPolyphenism10asexual selection1 aMoczek, Armin, P.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/facultative-paternal-investment-polyphenic-beetle-onthophagus-taurus-role-male-morphology-and-social03343nas a2200265   4500008004100000245007300041210006900114300001200183490000700195520248900202653003502691653002802726653001902754653001902773653000902792653001602801653001602817653002502833653002402858653003102882653002402913653002402937100002202961856009402983       2003                        eng d00aThe behavioral ecology of threshold evolution in a polyphenic beetle0 abehavioral ecology of threshold evolution in a polyphenic beetle  a841-8540 v143 aFacultative expression of alternative male morphologies is thought to allow individual males to select the phenotype with the highest fitness gain given their competitive status relative to other males with which they compete for females. Choice of, or switching between, morphs commonly relies on developmental threshold responses. Evolutionary changes in developmental threshold responses are thought to provide an important avenue for phenotypic diversification and the evolution of morphological and behavioral novelties. However, the extent to which alternative male phenotypes and their underlying threshold responses actually evolve in natural populations is unclear. Likewise, the ecological factors that shape the evolution of threshold responses in natural populations are unexplored for most organisms, as are the consequences of such modifications for patterns of morphological diversity. I examined the ecological basis of rapid threshold evolution in exotic populations of the horn-polyphenic dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. Male O. taurus vary continuously in body size as a function of larval feeding conditions. Only males that exceed a critical threshold body size develop a pair of long horns on their heads, whereas males below this threshold remain hornless. Populations in two exotic ranges of this species, the eastern United States and western Australia, have diverged in the mean threshold body size, which has resulted in the evolution of highly divergent and novel horn length–body size allometries in these populations. Populations in a third and previously unstudied exotic range of O. taurus in eastern Australia exhibit threshold body sizes roughly intermediate between the eastern U.S. and western Australian populations. I tested three hypothesis to explain how differences in ecological and demographic factors can drive allometric divergences between populations, using data derived from comparative, standardized sampling of a large number of populations in each exotic range. Results suggest that differences in the intensity of both intra- and interspecific competition have contributed to the evolution of divergent thresholds in these populations. My results do not support the hypothesis that shifts in threshold body sizes to larger body sizes are a consequence of increases in the mean body size of competing males. I discuss my results in the context of Onthophagus mating systems and the evolutionary implications of threshold evolution.10aadaptive phenotypic plasticity10adevelopmental threshold10aexotic species10ahorned beetles10amale10aOnthophagus10aPolyphenism10aresource competition10asex ratio evolution10astatus-dependent selection10athreshold evolution10a–male competition1 aMoczek, Armin, P.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/behavioral-ecology-threshold-evolution-polyphenic-beetle02412nas a2200313   4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260001200249300001200261490000700273520145000280653002401730653002001754653001801774653002701792653001201819653003001831653001401861653002101875653001601896653002701912653001801939653003901957653001501996100001902011700001902030700001502049856003402064       2003                        eng d00aNestmate recognition in burying beetles: the "breeder's badge" as a cue used by females to distinguish their mates from male intruders0 aNestmate recognition in burying beetles the breeders badge as a   cMar-Apr  a212-2200 v143 aBurying beetles use small vertebrate carcasses as food for their larvae and defend these carcasses against intra- and interspecific competitors. Breeding associations on carcasses can consist of single females, heterosexual pairs, or various combinations of males and females. When a heterosexual pair collaborate in a breeding attempt, they do not typically exhibit aggressive behavior toward each other, but do attack newly arrived conspecifics that attempt to usurp the carcass. We investigated the cues involved in discrimination between breeding partners and intruders by female burying beetles. We found that resident females tolerate males that have cared for a brood, as well as males that have not cared for a brood but have been on a carcass for a day or two. Males that have had no prior contact with a carcass are attacked. Females appear to use a chemical cue, the "breeder's badge," an apolar substance on the male's cuticle that can be removed by washing with pentane. This cue is reliably correlated with recent male experience with a carcass that is suitable for reproduction. The breeder's badge develops as a result of prolonged contact with such a carcass, and disappears on removal from the carcass; its presence does not require contact with a female or with larvae. Female recognition of their male partners in burying beetles thus does not involve individual recognition, but rather recognition of reproductive condition.10aaggressive behavior10aburying beetles10achemical cues10acuticular hydrocarbons10ahormone10aintraspecific competition10ajuvenile-10amate recognition10aNicrophorus10anicrophorus-orbicollis10aParental care10arecognition of reproductive status10areproducti1 aMuller, J., K.1 aEggert, A., K.1 aElsner, T.  u<Go to ISI>://00018166110000802245nas a2200205   4500008004100000245007900041210006900120300001200189490000700201520158800208653001301796653001101809653001801820653002001838653002101858653001601879100002401895700002201919856009801941       2006                        eng d00aImmunity and the expression of a secondary sexual trait in a horned beetle0 aImmunity and the expression of a secondary sexual trait in a hor  a466-4720 v173 aResource-based trade-offs are known to be important in determining investment in both sexual ornamentation and immunity in insects. Because of the strict resource limitation experienced during metamorphosis, we predict that if insects are trading off ornament size and immunity this should be most apparent immediately after eclosion and that the relationship between sexual ornament size and immunity should change with maturation feeding because of the changing patterns of resource availability during this process. We therefore present an investigation into the relationship between morphology, sex, and two measures of immune response (phenoloxidase [PO] activity and encapsulation ability) in the horned beetle Euoniticellus intermedius, imme- diately after eclosion and after maturation feeding. Both measures increased with maturation, with sex differences in PO activity becoming discernable after maturation feeding. PO activity was positively correlated with horn length in male beetles both on eclosion and after maturation feeding, and encapsulation ability was positively correlated with elytra length. We conclude that resource limitation in the pupating insect does have effects on immunity but that this resource limitation does not translate into a measurable trade-off between horn length and immunity. The correlation between horn length and PO activity may arise because both horn length and PO activity are correlated with the same elements of the animal’s biology that allow some animals both to grow a long horn and to sustain a higher level of PO activity.10aimmunity10ainsect10ametamorphosis10asex differences10asexual selection10atrade-offs.1 aPomfret, Joanne, C.1 aKnell, Robert, J.  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/immunity-and-expression-secondary-sexual-trait-horned-beetle