TY - JOUR T1 - How localized are the distributions of Australian scarabs (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)? JF - Diversity and Distributions Y1 - 1999 A1 - Allsopp, P. G. SP - 143 EP - 149 KW - Aphodiinae KW - Australia KW - Dynastinae KW - endemic KW - Geotrupidae KW - Localized species distributions KW - relictual KW - Scarabaeinae VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparación de la composición y riqueza de especies de escarabajos coprófagos en remanentes de bosque de la Orinoquia Colombiana JF - Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie Y1 - 1999 A1 - Amezquita A1 - Forsythe A1 - Lopera A1 - Camacho SP - 113 EP - 125 VL - 76 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparación de la composición y riqueza de especies de escarabajos coprófagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en remanentes de bosque de la Orinoquia Colombiana JF - Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie) Y1 - 1999 A1 - Amezquita, Sandra J. A1 - Forsyth, Adrian A1 - Lopera, Alejandro A1 - Camacho, Andrés SP - 113 EP - 126 KW - Colombia KW - community KW - deforestation KW - dung beetle (biological conservation 2007) KW - fragmentation KW - richness KW - Scarabaeinae VL - 76 N1 - have copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed dispersal by monkeys and the fate of dispersed seeds in a Peruvian rain forest JF - Biotropica Y1 - 1999 A1 - Andresen, Ellen SP - 145 EP - 158 KW - Alouatta KW - Ateles KW - Dung beetles KW - secondary dispersal KW - seed dispersal KW - seed fate KW - seed predation VL - 31 UR - ://000079672600014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Morfologia preimaginal y notas de biologia reproductiva en Malagoniella (Megathopomima) magnifica Balthasar, 1939 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonina) JF - Elytron Y1 - 1999 A1 - Barbero, Enrico A1 - Palestrini, Claudia A1 - Monteresino, Estela SP - 109 EP - 121 KW - Canthonina KW - COLEOPTERA KW - life history KW - Neotropics KW - preimaginal morphology KW - Scarabaeidae KW - subsocial behavior VL - 13 SN - 0214-1353 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dung beetle conservation: effects of habitat and resource selection (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) JF - Journal of Insect Conservation Y1 - 1999 A1 - Barbero, Enrico A1 - Palestrini, Claudia A1 - Rolando, Antonio SP - 75 EP - 84 KW - conservation KW - deforestation KW - domestic and wild ungulates KW - dung beetle KW - habitat and food selection KW - regeneration mammals KW - Scarabaeoidae AB - There is increasing concern about the conservation of dung beetles which are threatened by several peculiar dangers worldwide, both at the population and community level. A noticeable threat in Europe is the dramatic reduction in the number of cattle and sheep grazing in the open, which is associated with both intensive agriculture and the progressive reforestation of previously pastured areas. We studied dung beetle habitat and resource preferences at La Mandria Park (north-west Italy) which is a mosaic of open and wooded patches where domestic (cows and horses) and wild ungulates (deer and wild boar) co-exist. Scarabaeidae were numerically dominant, accounting for 61.5% of the approximately 3000 individuals sampled (Aphodiidae accounted for 32.5% and Geotrupidae for only 6%). However, when species richness was considered, Aphodiidae were dominant, with 17 of the 27 species found (Scarabaeidae with eight and Geotrupidae with two). Assuming a null hypothesis of equal probability of colonizing any habitat or faeces, we found that most species were significantly associated with one of the four dung types or with one of the two habitats considered. On average, Scarabaeidae preferred cattle dung and open habitats whereas most Aphodiidae used deer lumps and wooded habitats. In spite of the precise ecological choices observed at La Mandria, surveys from other European areas suggest that both habitat and food selection are quite flexible. From a conservation viewpoint, the ability of coprophagous beetles to choose herbivore faeces according to their availability and to select habitats that satisfy their own microclimate requirements may certainly be useful in preserving biodiversity. Agroecology, which implies some woodland and hedgerow management practices associated with pastoralism, could be the right approach to the management of the agricultural landscape. Conversely, in reforested areas, while wild ungulate populations should be preserved, some form of human disturbance, particularly clearings used for pastoralism, should also be maintained. VL - 3 N1 - have a copydigital copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions between dung, plants and the dung fauna in a heathland in northern Italy JF - Pedobiologia Y1 - 1999 A1 - Borghesio, L. A1 - Luzzatto, M. A1 - Palestrini, C. SP - 97 EP - 109 KW - abundance KW - beetles coleoptera KW - bush fly KW - cattle dung KW - disappearance KW - dung degradation KW - dung fauna KW - earthworms KW - Europe KW - muscidae KW - plant growth KW - Scarabaeidae KW - sheep dung KW - vetustissima walker diptera AB - The influence of the insect fauna on cattle dung degradation and the development of a natural vegetal community was studied during three successive summers in a heathland in northern Italy. In 1992 and 1993, small (864 cm(2)) rectangular iron sheet frames were placed on the ground and assigned to three experimental groups: one (Control) had no dung, the second contained an artificially made (0.5 kg) dung pat protected with a mesh in order to exclude insects, while the third group contained dung which was colonised by insects. Above-ground primary production within the cages was collected at regular intervals from June to September. Dung addition had a huge effect on plant growth in both years (+29-31 %), in addition to this, in the first year, but not in the second, dung insects transferred to the soil an amount of organic material that also significantly stimulated (+14.5 %) the external growth of the plants. We suggest that the difference between 1992 and 1993 could have been determined by different numbers of grazing cattle in the study area: in consequence of this, we hypothesise that dung insects populations were larger and more active in the first year compared with the second. In 1994, the role of the insect fauna on dung degradation was investigated in greater detail. The total dry matter decrease in dung attributable to the activity of the insect community, after 20 days from dung deposition, was 18.4 % of the original dry weight; of that percentage, less than one third (5.8 %) was related to underground nesting (paracoprid) beetles. Earthworms were not active in the season when our survey was carried out. We concluded that the dung insect fauna can influence dung degradation and the growth of a natural plant community occurring on an acidic and impoverished soil, but that these effects are only of minor importance. This seems to be a consequence of the low densities of dung beetles in the study area and the absence of large-sized paracoprid and telecoprid scarabaeid species. VL - 43 UR - ://000079093300001 N1 - Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 58Cited References: ANDERSON JR, 1984, J ECON ENTOMOL, V77, P133 BISTROM O, 1991, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V27, P53 BORNEMISSZA GF, 1976, AUSTR MEAT RES COMMI, V30, P1 BORNEMISSZA GF, 1970, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V10, P1 BREYMEYER A, 1974, EKOL POL, V22, P617 BRYAN RP, 1976, AUSTR J AGR RES, V27, P567 CALAFIORI MH, 1979, INFLUENCIA DICHOTOMI CAMBEFORT Y, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P17 CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P51 DEBIAGGI E, 1990, RIV PIEMONTESE STORI, V11, P3 DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P97 DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P255 DOUBE BM, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P371 DOUBE BM, 1988, ECOL ENTOMOL, V13, P251 ELLENBERG H, 1986, VEGETATION ECOLOGY C FINCHER GT, 1986, BIOL CONTROL MUSCOID FINCHER GT, 1981, J GA ENTOMOL SOC, V16, P316 FINCHER GT, 1975, J PARASITOL, V61, P759 FINCHER GT, 1973, J PARASITOL, V59, P396 GILLARD P, 1967, J AUST I AGR SCI, V33, P30 GUGLIELMETTOMUG.L, 1996, ALLIONIA, V34, P343 HALFFTER O, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P5 HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75 HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P375 HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P475 HOLTER P, 1983, EARTHWORM ECOLOGY, P49 HOLTER P, 1988, HOLARCTIC ECOL, V11, P81 HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213 HOLTER P, 1979, OIKOS, V32, P393 HOLTER P, 1975, OIKOS, V26, P177 HUGHES RD, 1978, B ENTOMOL RES, V68, P361 HUGHES RD, 1985, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V24, P65 HUGHES RD, 1975, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V14, P129 KABIR SMH, 1985, BANGLADESH J AGR, V10, P49 KIRK AA, 1982, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P129 KIRK AA, 1992, ENTOMOPHAGA, V37, P507 LAMARET JP, 1991, DRUG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P97 LUMARET JP, 1983, B SOC ENTOMOL FR, V88, P481 LUMARET JP, 1980, ECOL MEDIT, V5, P51 LUMARET JP, 1990, MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT MACQUEEN A, 1975, CAN J PLANT SCI, V55, P961 MITTAL IC, 1993, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V34, P150 NAKAMURA Y, 1975, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V15, P129 PAPP L, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA H, V54, P107 RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1988, B ENTOMOL RES, V78, P633 RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1986, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V41, P83 RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V32, P80 RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, P 3 AUST C GRASSL IN ROUGON D, 1981, AGECOP LIAISON, V59, P36 ROUGON D, 1988, REV ECOLOGIE BIOL SO, V25, P413 SALIN M, 1992, APPL STAT CON SPSS SESTINI A, 1957, ITALIA FISICA UREN SC, 1997, J APPL ECOL, V34, P208 VALIELA I, 1974, AM MIDL NAT, V92, P370 WASSMER T, 1995, ACTA OECOL, V16, P461 WATERHOUSE DF, 1974, SCI AM, V230, P100 ZUNINO M, 1994, ECOLOGY ETHOLOGY EVO, V6, P451EnglishArticle175KVPEDOBIOLOGIA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) attracted to woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha Humboldt) dung at Tinigua National Park, Colombia JF - The Coleopterists Bulletin Y1 - 1999 A1 - Castellanos, Maria Clara A1 - Escobar S. , Federico A1 - Stevenson, Pablo R. SP - 155 EP - 159 KW - mammals AB - The species list of Scarabeinae attracted to woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha Humboldt) dung at Tinigua National Park, Meta, Colombia is presented. Nineteen species of dung beetles in nine genera were captured, representing 36.5% of 52 species that have been found in the study area. This high proportion and the fact that woolly monkeys are the most abundant diurnal mammals in the study site suggest that woolly monkey dung can be especially important for the dung beetle community at Tinigua National Park. The results indicate the importance of conducting studies on the type and availability of food resources for tropical dung beetles. VL - 53 UR - ://000081116000008 N1 - have book-need to scan ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dispersal of dung containing ivermectin in the field by Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research Y1 - 1999 A1 - Dadour, I. R. A1 - Cook, D. F. A1 - Neesam, C. SP - 119 EP - 123 AB - Fifty-five species of exotic dung beetles have been introduced into Australia and in many areas, several species are now established and often abundant. Controversy exists in the dung beetle literature concerning the use of ivermectin as an anthelmintic treatment for livestock and its subsequent lethal and sub-lethal effects on adult dung beetles. Astudy was conducted in the field exposing replicate dung pats containing residues of ivermectin excreted 0–15 days post-injection. At the time of the study, the introduced species of dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) was present in high numbers (>1000 beetles per pat). After 24h exposure, dung pats collected from cattle treated 7 and 10 days earlier with ivermectin were dispersed significantly less than untreated dung. Asimilar pattern was evident in the numbers of dung beetles present in each pat. This study is discussed in the context of anthelmintic usage in cattle and their potential ecotoxic effects against dung beetles. VL - 89 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perching behaviour in Bornean dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) JF - The Coleopterists Bulletin Y1 - 1999 A1 - Davis, A. J. SP - 365 EP - 370 KW - sabah KW - tropical rain-forest AB - This paper reviews the current knowledge of perching behaviour in dung beetles, and records for the first time perching behaviour in three species of Onthophagus Latreille dung beetles in lowland rainforest in Borneo: O. mulleri (Lansberge), O. rorarius (Harold) and O. rugicollis (Harold). Field observations suggest tentatively that perching behaviour may have evolved as a thermoregulatory mechanism in at least two of these species. Ninety-nine dung beetle species were recorded from the Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah. and so, unlike other tropical forest sites where this behaviour is relatively common, only a few species display perching behaviour, suggesting differences in forest structure and/or resource supply between this and other forests. VL - 53 UR - ://000084586300011 N1 - 271GRCOLEOPTS BULL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species packing in tropical forests: Diel flight activity of rainforest dung-feeding beetles (Coleoptera : Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Hybosoridae) in Borneo JF - Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Davis, Andrew J. SP - 473 EP - 486 KW - Dung beetles AB - I describe an activity study in which pitfall and flight intercept traps are used to collect rainforest dung beetles at Danum Valley Field Centre in northern Borneo over five 34 hour periods. Nine hundred and thirty two individuals of 47 species are recorded, from the families Scarabaeidae (subfamily Coprinae and Scarabaeinae), Aphodiidae (subfamily Aphodiinae) and Hybosoridae (subfamily Hybosorinae). There are two peaks in activity, one at mid-night and one at mid-hay, with a very significant difference recorded between the two groups tone-way ANOVA, F = 16.80, df = 8, P < 0.0001), but no statistical difference within the tribes/subfamilies at each peak of flight activity. Results go against an expectation that species differentiation against any resource gradient in tropical rainforest should be complex and lead to multiple guild structures, although I suggest that the examination of more species-rich genera in any group of closely competing individuals may show greater differentiation through time. I conclude that the temporal overlap of many species at the same spatial scale in the rainforests at Danum Valley may be explained by the presence of several functional groups at each focus of activity, which allay inter-specific competition and allow the coexistence of species that show little differentiation from each other through time. VL - 47 UR - ://000084886700011 N1 - 276PNRAFFLES BULL ZOOL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discontinuous gas-exchange cycles in Scarabaeus dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae): Mass-scaling and temperature dependence JF - Physiological and Biochemical Zoology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Davis, A. L. V. A1 - Chown, S. L. A1 - Scholtz, C. H. SP - 555 EP - 565 KW - ant KW - emission KW - formicidae KW - hymenoptera KW - insects KW - metabolism KW - respiratory transpiration KW - ventilatory patterns KW - water-loss AB - Although discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC) are known from many insects, the effects of body size and temperature on DGC have not been widely examined. Here, these effects are investigated in five Scarabaeus dung beetle species from mesic and xeric habitats. The investigation tests two hypotheses: that previous estimates of the scaling exponents for the DGC and its characteristics are more broadly applicable to insects, and that, in response to temperature, both DGC frequency and the quantity of CO2 emitted during the open (O) phase (O-phase emission volume) are modulated. Like previous workers, we find that (V) over dot (CO2) scaled as mass(0.968) and that O-phase emission volume scaled as mass(0.968) . However, temperature- associated increases in (V) over dot (CO2) (Q(10)'s of 2.19- 2.65) were modulated mostly by increases in DGC frequency since O-phase volumes remained constant across temperature. Flutter (F)-phase and O-phase durations were closely coupled to DGC duration, although the relationship between closed (C)-phase duration and DGC duration was less pronounced. We show that ventilation phase coefficients, previously considered a measure of the proportional duration of each phase of the DGC, calculated from the slopes of these relationships are a measure of change in phase duration with change in DGC duration and not a measure of the way in which total DGC duration is apportioned among phases. We suggest that proportions be used to estimate the contribution of each of the phases to the total duration of the DGC. VL - 72 UR - ://000084128100005 N1 - Times Cited: 15Cited Reference Count: 38Cited References: BUCK J, 1955, BIOL BULL, V109, P144 COSSINS AR, 1987, TEMPERATURE BIOL ANI DUNCAN FD, 1997, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V22, P310 EDWARDS PB, 1988, OECOLOGIA, V75, P527 HACK MA, 1997, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V22, P325 HADLEY NF, 1993, J EXP BIOL, V177, P169 HAMILTON AG, 1964, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V160, P373 KANWISHER JW, 1966, BIOL BULL, V130, P96 KESTLER P, 1985, ENV PHYSL BIOCH INSE, P137 LEVY RI, 1966, J INSECT PHYSL, V12, P83 LEVY RI, 1966, J INSECT PHYSL, V12, P105 LIGHTON JRB, 1996, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V41, P309 LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J COMP PHYSIOL B, V163, P11 LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P521 LIGHTON JRB, 1995, J EXP BIOL, V198, P1613 LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J EXP BIOL, V180, P229 LIGHTON JRB, 1993, J EXP BIOL, V179, P233 LIGHTON JRB, 1992, J EXP BIOL, V173, P289 LIGHTON JRB, 1991, J EXP BIOL, V159, P249 LIGHTON JRB, 1990, J EXP BIOL, V154, P509 LIGHTON JRB, 1990, J EXP BIOL, V151, P71 LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J EXP BIOL, V134, P363 LIGHTON JRB, 1996, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V42, P347 LIGHTON JRB, 1988, J INSECT PHYSL, V34, P361 LIGHTON JRB, 1995, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V68, P43 LIGHTON JRB, 1994, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V67, P142 LIGHTON JRB, 1985, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V58, P390 LOUW GN, 1986, J EXP BIOL, V120, P443 MILLER PL, 1974, PHYSL INSECTA, V4, P345 PETERS RH, 1983, ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATI PUNT A, 1956, MULL PHYSL COMP OECO, V4, P132 PUNT A, 1950, PHYSL COMP OECOL, V2, P59 QUINLAN MC, 1993, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V66, P628 SCHMIDTNIELSEN K, 1997, ANIMAL PHYSL ADAPTAT SCHNEIDERMAN HA, 1955, BIOL BULL, V109, P123 SOKAL RR, 1995, BIOMETRY PRINCIPLES WASSERTHAL LT, 1996, ADV INSECT PHYSIOL, V26, P297 WILKINS MB, 1960, NATURE, V185, P481EnglishArticle263MHPHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species turnover, community boundaries and biogeographic composition of dung beetle assemblages across an altitudinal gradient in south Africa JF - Journal of Biogeography Y1 - 1999 A1 - Davis, A. L. V. A1 - Scholtz, C. H. A1 - Chown, S. L. SP - 1039 EP - 1055 KW - Dung beetles VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seed dispersal by two amazonian primates, with notes on dung beetles JF - American Zoologist Y1 - 1999 A1 - Dew, J. L. KW - Animalia- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Ateles-belzebuth [white-bellied-spider-monkey] (C KW - Behavior- KW - Cebidae-: Primates- KW - Chordata- KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - Environmental-Sciences) KW - Invertebrata- KW - Mammalia- KW - Plantae- KW - Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology- KW - Vertebrata- VL - 39 N1 - Using Smart Source Parsing( 128aMeetingAnnual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology., Atlanta, Georgia, USA, January 04 08, 2000English ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hormonal control of male horn lenght dimorphism in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) JF - Journal of Insect Physiology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Emlen, Douglas J. A1 - Nijhout, H. Frederik SP - 45 EP - 53 KW - Horned beetle KW - Juvenile hormone KW - male dimorphism KW - Polyphenism KW - Threshold AB - Male dung beetles (Onthophagus taurus) facultatively produce a pair of horns that extend from the base of the head: males growing larger than a threshold body size develop long horns, whereas males that do not achieve this size grow only rudimentary horns or no horns at all. Here we characterize the postembryonic development of these beetles, and begin to explore the hormonal regulation of horn growth. Using radioimmune assays to compare the ecdysteroid titers of horned males, hornless males, and females, we identify a small pulse of ecdysteroid which is present in both hornless males and females, but not in horned males. In addition, we identify a brief period near the end of the final (third) larval instar when topical applications of the juvenile hormone analog methoprene can switch the morphology of developing males. Small, normally hornless, males receiving methoprene during this sensitive period were induced to produce horns in 80% of the cases. We summarize this information in two models for the hormonal control of male dimorphism in horn length. VL - 45 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tropical rain forest fragmentation, Howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata), and dung beetles at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico JF - American Journal of Primatology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Estrada, Alejandro A1 - Anzures D. , A. A1 - Coates-Estrada, Rosamond SP - 253 EP - 262 KW - Alouatta-palliata [howler-mo KW - Animalia- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Cebidae-: Primates- KW - Chordata- KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - Conservation- KW - dung-beetle (Coleoptera-) KW - Environmental-Sciences) KW - Invertebrata- KW - Mammalia- KW - Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology- KW - Vertebrata- AB - In Neotropical rain forests, fresh mammal dung, especially that of howler monkeys, constitutes an important resource used by dung beetles as food and for oviposition and further feeding by their larvae. Tropical rain forest destruction, fragmentation, and subsequent isolation causing reductions in numbers of and the disappearance of howler moneys may result in decreasing numbers of dung beetles, but this has not been documented. In this study, we present information on the presence of howlers and dung beetles in 38 isolated forest fragments and 15 agricultural habitats. Howler monkeys were censused by visual means, while dung beetles were sampled with traps baited with a mixture of howler, cow, horse, and dog dung. Results indicated that loss of area and isolation of forest fragments result in significant decrements in howlers and dung beetles. However, dung beetle abundance was found to be closely related to the presence of howler monkeys at the sites and habitats investigated. Scenarios of land management designed to reduce isolation among forest fragments may help sustain populations of howler monkeys and dung beetles, which may have positive consequences for rain forest regeneration. VL - 48 N1 - Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenology and biology of the Dung beetle Onthophagus hirculus Mannerheim (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) JF - The Coleopterists Bulletin Y1 - 1999 A1 - Gonzalez-Vainer, Patricia A1 - Morelli, Enrique SP - 303 EP - 309 KW - Australia AB - The seasonal activity of Onthophagus hirculus Mannerheim in a natural prairie of Uruguay was studied using physiological age- grading techniques. This beetle is a bivoltine species, active from spring to autumn. At 22 degrees C the mean development time from egg to adult was 44 days. Females start laying 25-30 days after emergence. During their lifetime, females lay 4.3 +/- 1.25 eggs (n = 10), each in its respective brood mass. The lifespan of females under laboratory conditions is 74.3 +/- 10.28 days (n = 10). VL - 53 UR - ://000084586300002 N1 - Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 13Cited References: BORNEMISSZA GF, 1971, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V11, P1 FINCHER GT, 1981, J GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGI, V16, P301 GIAMBRUNO ER, 1992, ACTUALIDADES TECNICA, V89, P20 GILLARD P, 1967, J AUST I AGR SCI, V33, P30 GONZALEZVAINER P, 1996, ACT 4 JORN ZOOL UR GONZALEZVAINER P, 1998, ACTA ZOOLOGICA MEXIC, V73, P155 MORELLI E, 1997, COLEOPTS BULL, V51, P197 OHAUS F, 1909, STETTINER ENTOMOLOGI, V70, P3 TYNDALEBISCOE M, 1992, AUST J ZOOL, V40, P303 TYNDALEBISCOE M, 1981, B ENTOMOL RES, V71, P137 TYNDALEBISCOE M, 1978, B ENTOMOL RES, V68, P207 WALLACE MMH, 1983, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P33 WATERHOUSE DF, 1974, SCI AM, V230, P100EnglishArticle271GRCOLEOPTS BULL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Larval population density affects female weight and fecundity in the dung beetle Aphodius ater JF - Ecological Entomology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Hirschberger, Petra SP - 316 EP - 322 KW - competition KW - fitness KW - lifetime fecundity KW - oviposition KW - Scarabaeidae VL - 24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dung pad residence time covaries with male morphology in the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus JF - Ecological Entomology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Hunt, John A1 - Kotiaho, Janne S. A1 - Tomkins, Joseph L. SP - 174 EP - 180 KW - Animalia- KW - Animals- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - Behavior- KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - dung-pad-residence-time KW - emigration- KW - immigration- KW - Insects- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Invertebrates- KW - male- KW - morphology- KW - Onthophagus-taurus [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-): female- AB - 1. The immigration and emigration behaviours of Onthophagus taurus were investigated in a combination of field and laboratory experiments to examine patterns of dispersal in this species. 2. On average, the mean proportion of major males immigrating to baited pitfall traps decreased significantly with time. In contrast, the mean proportion of minor males and females did not change with time. 3. The time taken to emigrate from a dung pad differed significantly among major males, minor males, and females. This difference arose because major males spent a significantly shorter period of time residing within the dung pad. On average, more than 50% of major males had emigrated from the dung pads after 30 h, some 4 h earlier than minor males and females. 4. When the effects of body size were controlled, major males with longer horns were shown to have longer wings. Because major males spend more time in flight, longer wings may be an adaptation to more frequent dispersal. Alternatively, longer wings in major males may compensate for the production of aerodynamically costly horns. VL - 24 N1 - Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Does the populating of Corsica by dung beetles result from interspecific competition? JF - Annales De La Societe Entomologique De France Y1 - 1999 A1 - Jay-Robert, P. A1 - Lobo, J. M. A1 - Lumaret, J. P. SP - 290 EP - 298 KW - Dung beetles AB - The dung beetles include Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae and Geotrupinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). These beetles constitute very well structured communities, under the control of a strong competition. Using the French dung beetle database, the faunas of Corsica and of the southern continental France were compared. The Corsican fauna is poorer than the continental one, with a low endemism rate, limited to the apterous species. Moreover, most of the species found in Corsica are generalist and/or very competitive. VL - 35 UR - ://000085892500054 N1 - S294CNANN SOC ENTOMOL FR ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Besouros coprofagos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) coletados em Campo Grande, MS, Brasil JF - Annales da Sociedade de Entomologia Brasil Y1 - 1999 A1 - Koller, Wilson W. A1 - Gomes, Alberto A1 - Rodrigues, Sergio R. A1 - Alves, Rafael G. O. SP - 403 EP - 412 KW - brazil KW - dung beetle KW - ecology KW - Insecta KW - pasture VL - 28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dung beetles unharmed by army ants in tropical Africa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae; Hymanoptera: Formicidae, Dorylinae) JF - The Coleopterists Bulletin Y1 - 1999 A1 - Krell, Frank-Thorsten SP - 325 EP - 328 VL - 53 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Southern African dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) attracted by defensive secretions of Diplopoda JF - African Entomology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Krell, F. T. SP - 287 EP - 288 VL - 7 UR - ://000085806400015 N1 - Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 9Cited References: BERNON G, 1981, THESIS BOWLING GREEN CAMBEFORT Y, 1980, ANN U DABIDJAN E, V13, P61 DORBIGNY H, 1913, ANN SOC ENTOMOLOGIQU, V82, P1 KRELL FT, 1997, ENTOMOLOGICA SCAND S, V51, P281 KRELL FT, 1998, ZOOLOGY ANAL COMP S1, V101, P12 PERINGUEY L, 1901, T S AFRICAN PHILOS S, V12, P1 SCHOLTZ CH, 1983, DUNG BEETLES SCHOLTZ CH, 1986, INSECTS SO AFRICA ZURSTRASSEN R, 1965, SENCKENBERG BIOL, V46, P219EnglishArticle292QKAFR ENTOMOL ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival and reproduction of Euoniticellus intermedius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in dung following application of cypermethrin and flumethrin pour-ons to cattle JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research Y1 - 1999 A1 - Kruger, K. A1 - Lukhele, O. M. A1 - Scholtz, Clarke H. SP - 543 EP - 548 AB - Cattle were treated with cypermethrin and flumethrin pour-ons to determine possible adverse effects of residues in dung on the survival, fecundity and fertility of Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche). Dung from both cypermethrin- and flumethrin-treated cattle was collected 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment, with an untreated control for each. Mortality of adult E. intermedius exposed to dung collected from cypermethrin-treated cattle two to seven days after treatment ranged between 80% and 100%. Cypermethrin had no effect on adult and immature survival or on fecundity and fertility of E. intermediusexposed to dung collected 1, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment. Dung collected from flumethrin-treated cattle had no apparent effect on adult survival, egg production, immature survival, adult emergence, fecundity and fertility of E. intermedius, except at seven days after treatment, when fewer brood balls were produced and consequently fewer adults emerged from dung from treated animals compared with the control. VL - 89 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An intercontinental comparison of dung beetle diversity between two mediterranean-climatic regions: Local versus regional and historical influences JF - Diversity and Distributions Y1 - 1999 A1 - Lobo, Jorge M. A1 - Davis, Adrian L. V. SP - 91 EP - 103 KW - Animalia- KW - Animals- KW - Aphodiinae- (Coleoptera-) KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - Biodiversity- KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - dung-beetle (Coleoptera-) KW - Iberian-Peninsula (Europe- KW - Insects- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Invertebrates- KW - Population-Studies KW - Scarabaeidae- (Coleoptera-) AB - The species richness of biological communities is influenced by both local ecological, regional ecological, and historical factors. The relative importance of these factors may be deduced by comparison between communities in climatically and ecologically equivalent, but geographically and historically separate regions of the world. This claim is based on the hypothesis that community processes driven by similar local ecological factors lead to convergence in species richness whereas those driven by differing regional or historical factors lead to divergence. An intercontinental comparison between the winter rainfall regions of South Africa and the Iberian Peninsula showed that overall species richness of dung beetles was dissimilar at local, subregional and regional scales in Scarabaeidae s. str. but similar at all scales in Aphodiinae. Removal of species widespread in the summer rainfall region of Africa or the temperate region of Europe (regional component) resulted in dissimilarit y in species richness of mediterranean endemics at all scales in both dung beetle taxa. However, the lines joining each set of species richness values were parallel which may indicate similarities in processes between different mediterranean climatic regions despite slight differences in latitudinal range. The dominant pattern of dissimilarity or non-convergence may be related primarily to intercontinental differences in regional biogeographical and evolutionary history (faunal dispersal, glaciation effects in relation to geographical barriers to dispersal, speciation history, long-term disturbance history). The limited pattern of similarity or convergence in overall species richness of Aphodiinae may be a chance result or primarily related to intercontinental similarities in local ecological factors. VL - 5 N1 - Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Different ways of constructing octaves and their consequences on the prevalence of the bimodal species abundance distribution JF - Oikos Y1 - 1999 A1 - Lobo, J. M. A1 - Favila, M. E. SP - 321 EP - 326 KW - Dung beetles AB - Several studies on dung beetle communities suggest that their species abundance distribution is bimodal. This bimodality has been explained as a consequence of the mixture of local and non-local species in the communities. In this paper we demonstrate that bimodal distribution in dung beetles is a consequence of the method of octave construction, which increases the number of species present in the first octave. Although we do not rule out the existence of bimodality in species abundance distributions, we suggest that this should be confirmed by large sampling programs done at local and regional levels, and by the correct application of the octave construction method. VL - 87 UR - ://000084048400012 N1 - 262CQOIKOS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Between-group differences in the Iberian dung beetle species-area relationship (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae) JF - Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Lobo, J. M. A1 - Martin-Piera, F. SP - 587 EP - 597 KW - APHODIUS SCARABAEIDAE KW - beta-diversity KW - CURVES KW - diversity KW - Dung beetles KW - Iberian KW - Peninsula KW - richness comparison KW - Scarabaeidae KW - species-area AB - Between-group alpha- and beta-diversity differences were derived from species-area relationships fitted to field data. The accuracy of spatial richness variation predictions based on area size was also checked. The log-log model (log S = c + z log A) was found to be the best-fit linear model, with slopes (z) ranging from 0.089 to 0.142. Between-group comparisons of z (slope) and q (intercept) parameters, using the S = q + cA(Z) curvilinear regression model, corroborated early results, indicating a lower beta-diversity (slope) for Scarabaeinae than for Geotrupinae and Aphodiinae. The latter group, probably more sensitive to environmental heterogeneity, should contribute more to species richness in large areas. alpha-Diversity is greater for Aphodiinae, more relevant to local diversity (1 km(2)), than for Scarabaeinae and considerably greater for these two groups than for Geotrupinae. As earlier results show that the richness of a single dung pat is rather more a function of the Scarabaeinae species pool, richness on dung pat scales is probably due more to the between-dropping mobile Scarabaeinae, while Aphodiinae contribute mainly to local and regional pool richness. Nearly 88 % of the total richness variance is explained by area size. This percentage decreases to 37 % when the spatial structure of area size and species number are extracted. The corresponding figures for Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae and Geotrupinae are 44, 22 and 31 %, respectively. (C) 1999 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. VL - 20 UR - ://000084618100002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biogeografia de areas y biogeografia de artropodos holarticos y mediterraneos JF - Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa Y1 - 1999 A1 - Martin-Piera, Fermin A1 - Sanmartin, Isabel SP - 535 EP - 560 KW - arthropods KW - dispersal KW - historical biogeography KW - holartic region KW - phylogeny KW - vicariance VL - 26 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of male glandular secretions on female endocrine centers in Canthon cyanellus cyanellus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) JF - The Coleopterists Bulletin Y1 - 1999 A1 - Martinez M. , Imelda A1 - Cruz R. , Magdalena SP - 208 EP - 216 VL - 53 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative morphological analysis of testis follicles in dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae, Aphodiinae, Geotrupinae) JF - Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington Y1 - 1999 A1 - Martinez M. , Imelda A1 - Cruz R. , Magdalena SP - 804 EP - 815 KW - dung beetle KW - spermatozoa KW - testis follicles VL - 101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae) on Seeds Dispersed by Howler Monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in the French Guianan Rain Forest JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Feer, Francois SP - 129 EP - 142 KW - Alouatta seniculus KW - Dung beetles KW - French Guiana KW - rain forest KW - Scarabaeidae KW - seed dispersal AB - The dispersal of seeds by howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) and the role of dung beetles in determining the fate of the dispersed seeds were studied at Nouragues Station, French Guiana, during three 2-mo periods (April-May, 1995-97). Howler monkeys were observed to disperse seeds of 47 plant species. Monkey dung attracted 57 species of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae), including tunnellers (maximum size 37 mm) and ball rollers (12.6 mm). The rate of seed burial was negatively correlated with seed size (10 plant species) and positively correlated with dung beetle size (six species of tunnellers). More than 80% of small seeds (< 5 mm) and 30% of large seeds (22 mm), were buried by the largest tunnellers. Dung beetles buried 13 to 23% of seeds ranging 8-13 mm in width. The maximum average depth of burial was 28 cm and varied according to the species of dung beetle. The rate of disappearance of large dung clumps varied during the day and was completed by nocturnal dung beetles. Seeds of Chrysophyllum lucentifolium (Sapotaceae) buried at 5 and 10 cm depths did not suffer predation, but showed low germination success compared to seeds left at the soil surface. Dung beetles affected the survival and distribution of a portion of the seeds dispersed by monkeys, and their relative importance in shaping seed fate depended on seed and beetle size. PB - Cambridge University Press VL - 15 SN - 0266-4674 UR - http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0266-4674%28199903%2915%3A2%3C129%3AEODB%28O%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O N1 - TY - JOURM1 - Article type: Full Length Article / Full publication date: Mar., 1999 (199903). / Copyright 1999 Cambridge University Press ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial and temporal variation in species composition of dung beetle assemblages in southern Ireland JF - Ecological Entomology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Finn, John A. A1 - Gittings, Tom A1 - Giller, Paul S. SP - 24 EP - 36 KW - Anim KW - Animalia- KW - Aphodius-spp. [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-) KW - Arthropoda- KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - Environmental-Sciences) KW - Geotrupes-spp. [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-) KW - Invertebrata- KW - Sphaeridium-spp. [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-) KW - Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology- AB - 1. This study attempts to identify the main community characteristics that contribute to variability in dung beetle assemblage composition and structure across a range of spatial and temporal scales. 2. Dung beetle assemblages (Aphodius, Sphaeridium, and Geotrupes species) were monitored by dung-baited pitfall trapping at 10-day intervals during the seasonally active period at eleven sites in southern Ireland. Three of the sites were monitored over at least 2 years between 1991 and 1996. 3. Although the species composition of the above taxonomic groups was comparable among sites and years, relative abundances of component species varied considerably. Detrended correspondence analysis ordinations indicated a similar level of variability in dung beetle assemblage structure among years, and among sites apprxeq 1-180 km apart. 4. Processes that may contribute to spatio-temporal variability in dung beetle assemblages are discussed, and strategies for future research are suggested. VL - 24 N1 - Feb., 1999ArticleEnglish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental concerns regarding the use of the ivermectin sustained-release bolus in cattle JF - Canadian Veterinary Journal Y1 - 1999 A1 - Floate, K. D. SP - 151 EP - 152 VL - 40 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indirect effects of ivermectin residues across trophic levels: Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) JF - Bulletin of Entomological Research Y1 - 1999 A1 - Floate, K. D. A1 - Fox, A. S. SP - 225 EP - 229 AB - Common house flies, Musca domesticaLinnaeus, were reared to pupation with exposure to ivermectin, washed, and then exposed to parasitism by Muscidifurax zaraptorKogan & Legner. Pupae exposed to ≥0.25 ppm ivermectin produced 63% fewer parasitoids than did control pupae. Pupae exposed to 0.01 ppm ivermectin produced 23% more parasitoids. Exposure to 0.10 ppm ivermectin had no detectable effect. Treatments did not affect the developmental time of male or female F 1parasitoids. Treatments did not affect the production of adult F2progeny by F 1 females, nor the sex ratios of these offspring. This study documents an indirect effect of ivermectin residues across trophic levels. It identifies altered host quality as another mechanism by which faecal residues of ivermectin may affect insect activity in dung of treated cattle. The importance of this phenomenon under field conditions is undetermined. VL - 89 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Mediterranean Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidae) in Cattle and Rabbit Dung JF - Environmental Entomology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Galante, Eduardo A1 - Cartagena, M. Carmen SP - 420 EP - 424 KW - beta diversity KW - species richness mammals VL - 28 N1 - have a copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevation and climatic tolerance: a test using dung beetles JF - Oikos Y1 - 1999 A1 - Gaston, K. J. A1 - Chown, S. L. SP - 584 EP - 590 KW - arthropods KW - cold-hardiness KW - critical thermal maximum KW - desert KW - drosophila-melanogaster KW - latitudinal gradient KW - lepidoptera KW - namib KW - rapoports rule KW - temperature tolerance KW - tenebrionid beetles KW - terrestrial AB - An increase in the altitudinal range of occurrence of species in an assemblage with increasing elevation has been explained as a consequence of individual organisms having to be able to withstand a broader range of climatic conditions at higher elevations; the climatic variability hypothesis. Here we show that for scarab dung beetles (26 species) across an elevational transect (approx. 2500 In) in southern Africa thermal tolerance range does increase with increasing elevation across individuals and across species. The maximal thermal tolerance range exhibited increases slowly with elevation and the minimum range increases more rapidly. The mechanistic basis of the change appears to be one of rapidly changing critical thermal minimum (CTmin) with elevation and only small changes in critical thermal maximum (CTmax). Of course, even if the pattern of tolerance of species assumed by the climatic variability hypothesis is correct, an increase in altitudinal range with increasing elevation need not necessarily follow. However, although sampling has been limited, there does appear to be an elevational increase in altitudinal range for this species assemblage. VL - 86 UR - ://000082248200019 N1 - Times Cited: 8Cited Reference Count: 47Cited References: ALLEE WC, 1949, PRINCIPLES ANIMAL EC BENNETT AF, 1997, EVOLUTION, V51, P36 BLOCK W, 1982, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V73, P581 BLOCK W, 1990, PHILOS T ROY SOC B, V326, P613 BRATTSTROM BH, 1968, COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL, V24, P93 CHOWN SL, 1999, IN PRESS BIOL REV CHOWN SL, 1992, S AFR J ANTARCT RES, V22, P51 DAVIS ALV, 1997, AFR J ECOL, V35, P10 DAVIS ALV, IN PRESS J BIOGEOGR DENLINGER DL, 1991, INSECTS LOW TEMPERAT, P131 DOBZHANSKY T, 1950, AM SCI, V38, P209 EDNEY EB, 1971, J EXP BIOL, V55, P253 FERGUSON SH, 1996, ECOGRAPHY, V19, P382 FLEISHMAN E, 1998, ECOLOGY, V79, P2482 GASTON KJ, 1999, OIKOS, V84, P309 GASTON KJ, 1998, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V13, P70 HOCHACHKA PW, 1984, BIOCH ADAPTATION HODKINSON ID, 1996, FUNCT ECOL, V10, P314 HOFFMANN AA, 1995, TRENDS ECOL EVOL, V10, P1 HUEY RB, 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE, P205 JAMES AC, 1997, GENETICS, V146, P881 JANZEN DH, 1967, AM NAT, V101, P233 JOHNSTON IA, 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE KLOK CJ, 1998, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V44, P615 KLOK CJ, 1997, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V43, P685 KLOK CJ, 1998, J THERM BIOL, V23, P131 LEE RE, 1991, INSECTS LOW TEMPERAT, P17 LUTTERSCHMIDT WI, 1997, CAN J ZOOL, V75, P1553 LUTTERSCHMIDT WI, 1997, CAN J ZOOL, V75, P1561 MELLANBY K, 1932, J EXP BIOL, V9, P222 MILLER K, 1982, COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A, V73, P595 MITCHELL JD, 1993, J INSECT PHYSIOL, V39, P523 MONGOLD JA, 1996, ANIMALS TEMPERATURE, P239 MULLER MJ, 1982, SELECTED CLIMATIC DA PURVIS A, 1995, COMPUT APPL BIOSCI, V11, P247 RAPOPORT EH, 1982, AREOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHI ROBERTS CS, 1991, PHYSIOL ENTOMOL, V16, P463 ROSENBERG NJ, 1983, MICROCLIMATE BIOL EN RUGGIERO A, 1998, BIOL J LINN SOC, V63, P283 SNYDER GK, 1975, AM NAT, V109, P93 SOMME L, 1989, BIOL REV, V64, P367 SOMME L, 1982, COMP BIOCH PHYSL A, V73, P519 SOMME L, 1991, INSECTS LOW TEMPERAT, P318 STANLEY SM, 1980, AUST J ZOOL, V28, P413 STEVENS GC, 1992, AM NAT, V140, P893 STEVENS GC, 1989, AM NAT, V133, P240 STOREY KB, 1996, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V27, P365EnglishArticle230JNOIKOS ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The fate of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts ingested by dung beetles and their possible role in the dissemination of cryptosporidiosis JF - Journal of Parasitology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Mathison, B A1 - Ditrich, O SP - 678 EP - 681 KW - Cryptosporidium KW - cryptosporidosis KW - dung beetle KW - Dung beetles KW - ecological function KW - ecosystem service KW - ecosystem services KW - parasite supression VL - 85 N1 - digital ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heterotrophic succession within dung-inhabiting beetle communities in northern Spain JF - Acta Oecologica Y1 - 1999 A1 - Menendez, Rosa A1 - Gutierrez, David SP - 527 EP - 535 KW - competition KW - Dung pats KW - dung-inhabiting beetles KW - food availability KW - heterotrophic succession KW - null model VL - 20 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Facultative paternal investment in the polyphenic beetle Onthophagus taurus; the role of male morphology and social context JF - Behavioral Ecology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Moczek, Armin P. SP - 641 EP - 647 KW - beetles KW - facultative parental investment KW - honest indicators KW - Onthophagus KW - phenotypic plasticity KW - Polyphenism KW - sexual selection VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proximate determination of male horn dimorphism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) JF - Journal of Evolutionary Biology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Moczek, A. P. A1 - Emlen, D. J. SP - 27 EP - 37 KW - allometry- KW - Animalia- KW - Animals- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - body-size KW - Coleoptera-: Insecta- KW - Evolution-and-Adaptation KW - horn-dimorphism KW - Insects- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Invertebrates- KW - mor KW - Onthophagus-taurus [dung-beetle] (Coleoptera-): male- KW - Population-Studies AB - The existence of discrete phenotypic variation within one sex poses interesting questions regarding how such intrasexual polymorphisms are produced and modified during the course of evolution. Approaching these kinds of questions requires insights into the genetic architecture underlying a polymorphism and an understanding of the proximate mechanisms determining phenotype expression. Here we explore the genetic underpinnings and proximate factors influencing the expression of beetle horns - a dramatic sexually selected trait exhibiting intramale dimorphism in many species. Two relatively discrete male morphs are present in natural populations of the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus (Scarabaeidae, Onthophagini). Males exceeding a critical body size develop a pair of long, curved horns on their heads, while those smaller than this critical body size remain essentially hornless. We present results from laboratory breeding experiments designed to assess the relative importance of inherited and environmental factors as determinants of male morphology. Using father-son regressions, our findings demonstrate that horn length and body size of male progeny are not predicted from paternal morphology. instead, natural variation in an environmental factor, the amount of food available to larvae, determined both the body sizes exhibited by males as adults and the presence or absence of horns. The nonlinear scaling relationship between the body size and horn length of males bred in the laboratory did not differ from the pattern of variation present in natural populations, suggesting that nutritional conditions account for variation in male morphology in natural populations as well. We discuss our results by extending ideas proposed to explain the evolution of conditional expression of alternative phenotypes in physically heterogeneous environments toward incorporating facultative expression of secondary sexual traits. We use this synthesis to begin characterizing the potential origin and subsequent evolution of facultative horn expression in onthophagine beetles. VL - 12 N1 - Jan., 1999ArticleEnglish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New species of Canthonella Chapin (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Amazonian Brasil JF - The Coleopterists Bulletin Y1 - 1999 A1 - Ratcliffe, Brett C. A1 - Smith, Andrew B. T. SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 53 ER - TY - THES T1 - Spatial Ecology of Dung Beetles T2 - Ecology and Systematics Y1 - 1999 A1 - Roslin, Tomas SP - 25 JF - Ecology and Systematics PB - University of Helsinki CY - Helsinki ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new pollination system: Dung-beetle pollination discovered in Orchidantha inouei (Lowiaceae, Zingiberales) in Sarawak, Malaysia JF - American Journal of Botany Y1 - 1999 A1 - Sakai, Shoko A1 - Inoue, Tamiji SP - 56 EP - 61 KW - annotated KW - asia KW - deceit pollination KW - dung beetle KW - ecological function KW - Lowiaceae KW - mixed dipterocarp forest KW - pollination KW - Sarawak KW - Zingiberales. AB - Lowiaceae, a family of the Zingiberales, comprise 11 species in the single genus Orchidantha. Here we present the first report on the pollination of Lowiaceae and describe a new system of dung-beetle pollination from Sarawak, Borneo. Or- chidantha inouei has a zygomorphic flower located just above the ground. Obser vations revealed that the plant is visited frequently and is pollinated by scarabaeid dung beetles, mainly members of the genus Onthophagus. All four species of Onthophagus collected on O. inouei have also been caught using traps baited with dung or carrion in Borneo. Onthophagus was presumably attracted to the dung-like odor of the flower. Pollination of O. inouei is different from other examples of beetle pollination in that its flower provides neither reward nor protected space. Dung beetles are excellent at following a particular dung scent. Orchidantha is the only genus that includes species lacking floral nectar. It is interesting that this deception pollination using dung beetles was found in Zingiberales, in which all known species have mutual and specialized relationships with their long-distance, but costly, pollinators—bees, birds, and bats. VL - 86 N1 - digitalobligately pollinated by diurnal onthophagus (6-10mm)and secondarily by paragymnopleurus (13-20mm) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Kleptoparasitism and phoresy in the diptera JF - Florida Entomologist Y1 - 1999 A1 - Sivinski, John A1 - Marshall, Steve A1 - Petersson, Erik SP - 179 EP - 197 KW - Animalia- KW - Animals- KW - Arthropoda- KW - Arthropods- KW - Behavior- KW - Diptera- (Diptera-) KW - Diptera-: Insecta- KW - Environmental-Sciences) KW - Evolution-and-Adaptation KW - Insects- KW - Invertebrata- KW - Invertebrates- KW - kleptoparasitism- KW - m KW - mate-choice KW - Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology- AB - Spiders, dung-feeding scarabs, social, and prey-storing insects provide predictable and concentrated sources of food for a variety of thief flies (kleptoparasites) and their larvae. Whenever waiting in the vicinity of the "host" for an opportunity to exploit its resources is more energy efficient and less dangerous than foraging among hosts, a number of intimate relationships between the fly and host may evolve. In extreme cases, flies may become long-term phoretic associates that travel with hosts even while the latter is in flight. The behaviors and ecologies of kleptoparasitic Diptera are reviewed with special attention paid to the adaptations of Sphaeroceridae phoretic upon Scarabaeidae. The mating systems of kleptoparasitic flies are influenced by the type of resource that is stolen; flies associated with predators are mostly female, while those found on scarabs are of both sexes. These differences are discussed in terms of mate location, sperm competition, and mate choice. VL - 82 N1 - Using Smart Source ParsingLiterature ReviewEnglish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conservation of heterogeneity among dung beetles in the Maputaland Centre of Endemism, South Africa JF - Biological Conservation Y1 - 1999 A1 - Van Rensburg, B. J. A1 - McGeoch, M. A. A1 - Chown, S. L. A1 - Van Jaarsveld, A. S. SP - 145 EP - 153 KW - Dung beetles AB - In southern Africa the Maputaland Centre is one of the most significant, though less well-known, centres of biotic endemism. Here we examine variation in dung beetle assemblages between habitats and between reserves on two Maputaland reserves (Tembe Elephant Park and Sileza Nature Reserve). Dung beetle assemblages were found to be homogeneous within habitat types and within reserves, but assemblages differed between habitat types (Sand Forest and Mixed Woodland). There was, however, significant between-reserve heterogeneity in dung beetle assemblages for each particular habitat type. Given that there are significant differences in both dung beetles and plants, it is clear that these forests must be conserved in both Tembe and Sileza, especially because of increasing damage by elephants to Sand Forests in Tembe. We identify dung beetle indicator species that are specific to each habitat type in each reserve, and detector species that can be used to monitor changes in Sand Forests in those reserves. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. VL - 88 UR - ://000078342900001 N1 - 162JRBIOL CONSERV ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera:Scabaeoidea) de um fragmento de floresta amazônica no estado de Acre, Brasil JF - Annales da Sociedade de Entomologia Brasil Y1 - 1999 A1 - Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. SP - 447 EP - 453 KW - Amazonia KW - Brasil KW - dung beetle KW - fragmentation KW - moist tropical forest (biological conservation 2007) VL - 28 N1 - need copy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-stage dispersal of Guarea glabra and G. kunthiana (Meliaceae) in Monteverde, Costa Rica JF - Journal of Tropical Ecology Y1 - 1999 A1 - Wenny, Daniel G. SP - 481 EP - 496 KW - cloud forest KW - Costa Rica KW - germination KW - Guarea KW - scatterhoarding KW - secondary dispersal KW - seed predation VL - 15 ER -