A. L. V.  Davis, ?Geographical Distribution of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Their Seasonal Activity in Southwestern Cape Province South Africa?, Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, vol. 50, pp. 275-285, 1987.

A. A.  Kirk, ?The effect of the dung pad fauna on the emergence of Musca tempestiva (Dipt.: Muscidae) from dung pads in southern France?, Entomophaga, vol. 37, pp. 507-514, 1992.

A.  Macqueen, ?Dung as an Insect Food Source Dung Beetles as Competitors of Other Coprophagous Fauna and as Targets for Predators?, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 12, pp. 821-827, 1975.

C. Alberto He Flechtmann, Rodrigues, S. Roberto, and Gaspareto, C. Luiz, ?Biological control of horn fly (Haematobia irritans irritans) in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul State: 6. Population dynamics of fimicolous insects except for coprophagous Scarabaeidae?, Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, vol. 39, pp. 287-296, 1995.

G. B.  Monteith and Storey, R. I., ?The Biology of Cephalodesmius a Genus of Dung Beetles Which Synthesizes Dung from Plant Material Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae?, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, vol. 20, pp. 253-278, 1981.

E. Montes de Oca and Halffter, G., ?Invasion of Mexico by two dung beetles previously introduced into the United States?, Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, vol. 33, pp. 37-45, 1998.

C.  Rojewski, ?The Role of Dung Beetles in Nature and in the Economy?, Przeglad Zoologiczny, vol. 24, pp. 431-438, 1980.

J.  Sivinski, Marshall, S., and Petersson, E., ?Kleptoparasitism and phoresy in the diptera?, Florida Entomologist, vol. 82, pp. 179-197, 1999.