02089nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001200212490000700224520137900231653001401610653002201624653001701646653002301663653001801686653001301704100002001717700002101737856012501758       2001                        eng d00aLarval morphology and breeding behavior of the genus Pedaridium Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)0 aLarval morphology and breeding behavior of the genus Pedaridium   a596-6040 v943 aThe third-instar larva and breeding behavior of Pedaridium almeidai Pereira and P. brasiliensis Ferreira & Galileo are described using material collected at Sa ̃ o Paulo, Brazil, and, the third-instar larva of P. adisi (Ratcliffe) is redescribed. The most important morphological charac- teristics for larval stages are found in the epipharynx, the setation of the venter of the last abdominal segment, the endoskeletal lines of the anal lobes, the mandibles, and the respiratory plate of the thoracic spiracle. A key to the known larvae of the genus Pedaridium is also provided. Results show that P. almeidai is more similar to P. adisi than P. brasiliensis. The presence/absence of stridulatory areas on the mandibles, the form of the frontal suture, the form of the sensorial area of the antennae, the form of the molar and scissorial areas of the mandibles, and the different size and form of the lacinia suggest a possible polyphyly of the genus Pedaridium. Results conÞrm the endocoprid breeding behavior of Pedaridium, which together with Trichillum, represents the most primitive breeding pattern of Scarabaeinae. In the species studied, there is neither food relocation nor brood ball construction. This primitive breeding behavior implies exploitation without modiÞcation or relocation of the resource. Possible kleptoparasitism was observed in P. brasiliensis.10aAteuchini10abreeding patterns10aDung beetles10alarval description10aScarabaeoidea10ataxonomy1 aVerdu, Jose, R.1 aGalante, Eduardo  uhttps://scarabnet.myspecies.info/larval-morphology-and-breeding-behavior-genus-pedaridium-harold-coleoptera-scarabaeidae