@article {1385,
	title = {Interactions between dung, plants and the dung fauna in a heathland in northern Italy},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {43},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 58Cited References:      ANDERSON JR, 1984, J ECON ENTOMOL, V77, P133     BISTROM O, 1991, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V27, P53     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1976, AUSTR MEAT RES COMMI, V30, P1     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1970, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V10, P1     BREYMEYER A, 1974, EKOL POL, V22, P617     BRYAN RP, 1976, AUSTR J AGR RES, V27, P567     CALAFIORI MH, 1979, INFLUENCIA DICHOTOMI     CAMBEFORT Y, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P17     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P51     DEBIAGGI E, 1990, RIV PIEMONTESE STORI, V11, P3     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P97     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P255     DOUBE BM, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P371     DOUBE BM, 1988, ECOL ENTOMOL, V13, P251     ELLENBERG H, 1986, VEGETATION ECOLOGY C     FINCHER GT, 1986, BIOL CONTROL MUSCOID     FINCHER GT, 1981, J GA ENTOMOL SOC, V16, P316     FINCHER GT, 1975, J PARASITOL, V61, P759     FINCHER GT, 1973, J PARASITOL, V59, P396     GILLARD P, 1967, J AUST I AGR SCI, V33, P30     GUGLIELMETTOMUG.L, 1996, ALLIONIA, V34, P343     HALFFTER O, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P5     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P375     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P475     HOLTER P, 1983, EARTHWORM ECOLOGY, P49     HOLTER P, 1988, HOLARCTIC ECOL, V11, P81     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOLTER P, 1979, OIKOS, V32, P393     HOLTER P, 1975, OIKOS, V26, P177     HUGHES RD, 1978, B ENTOMOL RES, V68, P361     HUGHES RD, 1985, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V24, P65     HUGHES RD, 1975, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V14, P129     KABIR SMH, 1985, BANGLADESH J AGR, V10, P49     KIRK AA, 1982, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P129     KIRK AA, 1992, ENTOMOPHAGA, V37, P507     LAMARET JP, 1991, DRUG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P97     LUMARET JP, 1983, B SOC ENTOMOL FR, V88, P481     LUMARET JP, 1980, ECOL MEDIT, V5, P51     LUMARET JP, 1990, MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT     MACQUEEN A, 1975, CAN J PLANT SCI, V55, P961     MITTAL IC, 1993, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V34, P150     NAKAMURA Y, 1975, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V15, P129     PAPP L, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA H, V54, P107     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1988, B ENTOMOL RES, V78, P633     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1986, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V41, P83     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V32, P80     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, P 3 AUST C GRASSL IN     ROUGON D, 1981, AGECOP LIAISON, V59, P36     ROUGON D, 1988, REV ECOLOGIE BIOL SO, V25, P413     SALIN M, 1992, APPL STAT CON SPSS     SESTINI A, 1957, ITALIA FISICA     UREN SC, 1997, J APPL ECOL, V34, P208     VALIELA I, 1974, AM MIDL NAT, V92, P370     WASSMER T, 1995, ACTA OECOL, V16, P461     WATERHOUSE DF, 1974, SCI AM, V230, P100     ZUNINO M, 1994, ECOLOGY ETHOLOGY EVO, V6, P451EnglishArticle175KVPEDOBIOLOGIA},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {97-109},
	abstract = {The influence of the insect fauna on cattle dung degradation and the development of a natural vegetal community was studied during three successive summers in a heathland in northern Italy. In 1992 and 1993, small (864 cm(2)) rectangular iron sheet frames were placed on the ground and assigned to three experimental groups: one (Control) had no dung, the second contained an artificially made (0.5 kg) dung pat protected with a mesh in order to exclude insects, while the third group contained dung which was colonised by insects. Above-ground primary production within the cages was collected at regular intervals from June to September. Dung addition had a huge effect on plant growth in both years (+29-31 \%), in addition to this, in the first year, but not in the second, dung insects transferred to the soil an amount of organic material that also significantly stimulated (+14.5 \%) the external growth of the plants. We suggest that the difference between 1992 and 1993 could have been determined by different numbers of grazing cattle in the study area: in consequence of this, we hypothesise that dung insects populations were larger and more active in the first year compared with the second. In 1994, the role of the insect fauna on dung degradation was investigated in greater detail. The total dry matter decrease in dung attributable to the activity of the insect community, after 20 days from dung deposition, was 18.4 \% of the original dry weight; of that percentage, less than one third (5.8 \%) was related to underground nesting (paracoprid) beetles. Earthworms were not active in the season when our survey was carried out. We concluded that the dung insect fauna can influence dung degradation and the growth of a natural plant community occurring on an acidic and impoverished soil, but that these effects are only of minor importance. This seems to be a consequence of the low densities of dung beetles in the study area and the absence of large-sized paracoprid and telecoprid scarabaeid species.},
	keywords = {abundance, beetles coleoptera, bush fly, cattle dung, disappearance, dung degradation, dung fauna, earthworms, Europe, muscidae, plant growth, Scarabaeidae, sheep dung, vetustissima walker diptera},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000079093300001},
	author = {Borghesio, L. and Luzzatto, M. and Palestrini, C.}
}
@article {1386,
	title = {An Effect of Dung Beetle Activity on Plant Yield},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {10},
	number = {1},
	year = {1970},
	note = {F7074PEDOBIOLOGIA},
	pages = {1-\&},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1970F707400001},
	author = {Bornemissa, GF and Williams, C. H.}
}
@article {1387,
	title = {A new type of brood care observed in the dung beetle Oniticellus cinctus},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {9},
	year = {1969},
	pages = {223-225},
	author = {Bornemissza}
}
@article {1389,
	title = {An effect of dung beetle activity on plant yield},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1970},
	note = {hard copy},
	pages = {1-7},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, plant growth},
	author = {Bornemissza, G. F and Williams, C. H.}
}
@article {1493,
	title = {Habitat associations in a South African, summer rainfall, dung beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae)},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {40},
	number = {3},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {260-280},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, community, Dung, habitat, histeridae, hydrophilidae, Scarabaeidae, staphylinidae},
	author = {Davis, A. L. V.}
}
@article {1879,
	title = {Quantitative extraction of macro-invertebrates from temperate and tropical leaf litter and soil: efficiency and time-dependent taxonomic biases of the Winkler extraction},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {175-186},
	abstract = {Winkler extractors, a simple device presumed to extract macro-invertebrates efficiently from soil and litter samples, is being used increasingly in ecological surveys and functional studies of soil macro-invertebrate communities. In this study the extraction efficiency and taxonomic bias of the Winkler extraction are evaluated for extraction periods of 3 h up to 7 weeks, calibrated by hand-sorting after 7 weeks. The method extracts most macro-invertebrates completely or to a proportion of over 90\% except Isopoda, Diplopoda and Mollusca. However, for an exhaustive result, a long extraction period of several weeks is necessary. For the most speciose group (adult beetles) and for the commonly most abundant group (ants), a short extraction of 3 days was sufficient to get 70\% of the individuals and nearly all species. Three days was also sufficient to recover the rank abundance order of beetle families, while for {\textquoteleft}higher taxa{\textquoteright} and for Chilopoda species, 4 and 3 weeks were necessary, respectively. Optimum extraction times for the abundant macro-invertebrate groups and possible adjustment factors for the soil macro-invertebrates of temperate woodlands are proposed to compensate the taxonomic bias caused by short extraction periods. However, for recording an accurate snapshot of the soil and litter fauna at a particular time, shorter extraction periods are advisable because of the short life cycle of many brates; soil invertebrates causing emergence of later stages or a second generation during longer extraction periods. The problem of contamination of samples is also discussed. },
	keywords = {Chilopoda, COLEOPTERA, Extraction, Soil macro-invertebrates, Winkler extractor},
	author = {Krell, Frank-Thorsten and Chung, Arthur Y. C. and DeBoise, Emma and Eggleton, Paul and Giusti, Alessandro and Inward, Kelly and Krell-Westerwalbesloh, Sylvia}
}
@article {1933,
	title = {Sampling dung beetles in the French Mediterranean area: Effects of abiotic factors and farm practices},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {42},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {101YRPEDOBIOLOGIA},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {252-266},
	abstract = {1. The confidence limits and the validity of the results obtained by using dung-baited traps were examined in five sites in southern France, which were very close together and similar for most environmental variables but differed in their pastoral history. Site 1 was a virgin site which had been grazed for only a few months by cattle; site 2 had been grazed for 10 years by cattle but the cattle herd had been removed in the previous year; the other three sites had been grazed by sheep, more or less extensively, for many years. 2. Beetle abundance, biomass or richness were not correlated with temperature and precipitation, but were significantly correlated with radiant energy. The energy necessary for flight activity was probably related to the radiant energy level at the soil surface. This allowed identification of the most favourable periods for sampling. 3. At the sites with at present limited resources, the mean biomass of trapped beetles decreased rapidly when repetitive trappings were carried out over several days. An intense trapping during a continuous period led to an underestimate of the number of beetles, due to site impoverishment. When the cattle herd was removed and dung was therefore not available, the trappings made a few months later overestimated the number of beetles. In contrast, after the establishment of a new large cattle herd in a virgin site, formerly free of grazing, the baited traps underestimated the number of beetles, due to the amount of dung present in the vicinity of the traps. 4. One trapping session and five traps collected 75-80\% of total local species but 95\% of the abundance and biomass of the community. So, for most of the ecological studies, one trapping session and a few baited traps (five in the Mediterranean area where dung beetle communities are very diverse when compared with more temperate areas) are sufficient to give a sample representing the structure of the dung beetle communities. Conversely, an exhaustive inventory for biogeographical studies need more baited traps. At least 15 traps are necessary to collect 95\% of species present at a site. An abacus allows an estimate of the quality of the sampling.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000074896600007},
	author = {Lobo, J. M. and Lumaret, J. P. and Jay-Robert, P.}
}
@article {1954,
	title = {The influence of the first wave of colonizing insects on cattle dung dispersal},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {39},
	number = {6},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {506-517},
	keywords = {cattle dung pats, climatic factors, dung beetle, environmental risks, grazing ecosystems, rate of elimination},
	author = {Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Kadiri, N.}
}
@article {2059,
	title = {Decomposition of the organic materials and soil fauna in pasture; 2. Disappearance of cow dung},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1975},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {129-132},
	keywords = {decomposition, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, ecosystem services, soil, sucession},
	author = {Nakamura, Y.}
}
@article {2228,
	title = {Insect effects on decomposition of cow dung in microcosms},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {81-92},
	author = {Stevenson, Bruce G. and Dindal, Daniel L.}
}
@article {2283,
	title = {The influence of slope aspect and soil type on immigration and emergence of some northern temperate dung beetles},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {47},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {39-51},
	abstract = {Soil type is a habitat factor that influences both adult habitat choice and reproductive success in tropical dung beetles. However,soil type habitat preferences of northern temperate dung beetles have not been studied,nor has their reproduc- tive success in relation to habitat heterogeneity been investigated.The aim of this study was,firstly,to study the impact of slope aspect (southern vs.northern) and soil type (sand vs.clay) on immigration and subsequent emergence of dung bee- tle offspring.A second aim was to evaluate whether the soil type selection was reflected in reproductive success.The study was performed with cow dung during early summer in central Sweden. Beetle immigration was estimated using dung- baited pitfall traps and numbers of emerging beetles were assessed using specially designed emergence traps. Immigrating beetles collected represented 11 Aphodiusspecies (Scarabaeidae),three Sphaeridiumspecies (Hydrophilidae), and one Geotrupes species (Geotrupidae).Seven emerging species were caught,all from the genus Aphodius.Immigration was influenced by soil type, i.e. more individuals of A. ater, were caught on clay while more individuals of A. haemor- rhoidaliswere caught on sand.Slope aspect had no significant influence on immigration. Four species (A.ater,A.fimetarius,A.fossorand A.pusillus) dominated amongst the emerging beetles at both sites.Emer- gence was earlier on the south-facing slope for A.fimetariusand on both the south-facing slope and on sand for A.fossor. Emergence patterns were dependent on soil type.More individuals of A.ateremerged on clay while more individuals of A. fossorand A.pusillusemerged on sand.Slope aspect did not significantly influence the number of emerging beetles. We conclude that soil type influenced both adult habitat selection and reproduction, while slope aspect had less effect. Patterns of immigration and emigration corresponded for some species but not for others,hence selection of soil type may not directly correspond to reproductive success.Our results also indicate that Aphodiusreproduction may be risky in wet clay soils because of mortality in over-wintering individuals.},
	author = {Vessby, Karolina and Wiktelius, Staffan}
}
