@article {1472,
	title = {Dung beetles as indicators of change in the forests of northern Borneo},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {445VUJ APPL ECOL},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {593-616},
	abstract = {1. We reviewed the use of dung beetles as indicators of environmental change, highlighting the influence of natural forest dynamics on species distributions in primary forest and suggesting new ways in which this can be used to understand and interpret the effects of disturbance such as logging. These ideas were applied to rainforest dung beetle communities in Sabah, Malaysia. 2. Dung beetle samples, using baited pitfall and flight intercept traps, were examined from primary, logged and plantation forests. Cluster analysis on dung beetle assemblages from primary forest samples showed clear species associations that had a high degree of fidelity to a particular biotope or vegetation type. Beetles were grouped into riverine- edge, riverine, interior-primary and {\textquoteright}even{\textquoteright} (equitable distribution between biotopes) associations. Although biotope- specific associations were spatially separate in primary forest, these associations overlapped at forest margins (riverine forest) and in logged forest (to form {\textquoteright}composite assemblages{\textquoteright}). 3. Species associations showed different responses to disturbance: the riverine association included many species that showed a positive response to at least some types of disturbance, whereas others were neutral or negative in response; the even association species were mostly neutral; the primary forest associations were almost entirely negative in response. 4. The greatest faunal similarities were found between logged forest and riverine assemblages. Diversity was lower in logged compared with primary forest, and the lowest species richness and diversity were recorded in plantation forest. Small-scale species richness in logged forest was generally higher than in individual transects from primary forest due to the presence of overlapping species ranges (composite assemblages) that were usually spatially separate in primary forest. Data suggested that increased species richness at a fine scale does not necessarily mean that species richness is greater at a larger scale, and that species mixing in derived ecosystems is dependent on the type of disturbance. Forest management should aim to minimize the mixing of the components of different biotopes, by implementing low impact (i.e. reduced-impact logging) harvesting techniques.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000169479900009},
	author = {Davis, A. J. and Holloway, J. D. and Huijbregts, H. and Krikken, J. and Kirk-Spriggs, A. H. and Sutton, S. L.}
}
@article {1932,
	title = {Diversity, distinctiveness and conservation status of the Mediterranean coastal dung beetle assemblage in the Regional Natural Park of the Camargue (France)},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {257-270},
	abstract = {The Mediterranean region as a whole has the highest dung beetle species richness within Europe. Natural coastal habitats in this region are among those which have suffered severe human disturbance. We studied dung beetle divers- ity and distinctiveness within one of the most important coastal protected areas in the west Euro- Mediterranean region (the regional Park of Camargue, southern France) and made comparisons of dung beetle assemblages with other nearby Mediterra- nean localities, as well as with other coastal pro- tected area (Doñana National Park, Spain). Our finding showed that: (1) The species richness of coastal habitats in the Camargue is low and only grasslands showed a similar level of species rich- ness and abundance to inland habitats of other Mediterranean localities. The unique habitats of the coastal area (beaches, dunes and marshes) are largely colonized by species widely distributed in the hinterland. (2) In spite of their low general distinctiveness, dune and marsh edges are charac- terized by the occurrence of two rare, vulnerable, specialized and large roller dung beetle species of the genus Scarabaeus. As with other Mediterranean localities, current findings suggest a recent decline of Scarabaeus  populations and the general loss of coastal dung beetle communities in Camargue. (3) The comparison of dung beetle assemblages between the Camargue and Doñana shows that, in spite of the low local dung beetle species rich- ness in the Camargue, the regional dung beetle diversity is similar between both protected areas. Unique historical and geographical factors can explain the convergence in regional diversity as well as the striking divergence in the composition of dung beetle assemblages between both territories.},
	keywords = {Don, Dung beetles, insect coastal conservation, Mediterranean region, Scarabaeoidea, the Camargue, ̃ana},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Jay-Robert, Pierre}
}
@article {1678,
	title = {Habitat fragmentation and arthropod community change: Carrion beetles, phoretic mites, and flies},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {79-85},
	abstract = {Little is known about the effects of habitat fragmentation on forest insect communities. We studied relationships among carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae), an insect guild important to decomposition processes in forests, the beetles{\textquoteright} phoretic mites, and the beetles{\textquoteright} primary competitors, muscoid flies, along an urban-rural gradient of forest fragmentation in central New York State, USA. Species richness of carrion beetle communities was reduced by one-third and beetle abundance by two-thirds in fragmented forests whereas flies were 1.5x more abundant in forest fragments than in contiguous forests. The commensal relationship between carrion beetles and their phoretic mites was more variable in heavily fragmented sites, with beetles typically having unusually low or high mite loads. The beetles thriving in fragmented forests were generally small-bodied habitat generalists. This study indicates that forest fragmentation has a profound impact on carrion beetle communities, although the mechanisms underlying these patterns remain unresolved.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Gibbs, J. P. and Stanton, E. J.}
}
@article {2007,
	title = {Plano de Trabalho: Levantamento de especies e ecologia de besouros escarabeideos de floresta atlantica no estado da paraiba},
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Medina Hernandez, M. I.}
}
@article {2096,
	title = {Body size and paternal invest ment in the genus Onthophagus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2001},
	note = {EnglishArticleNOV3J ZOOL},
	pages = {405-412},
	abstract = {During reproduction, dung beetles of the genus Onthophagus typically bury portions of dung removed from the dung pad. Even though females are capable of successfully constructing and provisioning nests when unaccompanied by males, extensive levels of co-operation between sexes have been reported. In some species, males show a clear dimorphism in body plan and only large horned males are known to assist females. In O. taurus this form of paternal investment is facultative and depends on social context (namely the presence of other males). We studied relationships between body size and paternal investment in five Onthophagus species (i.e. O. coenobita, O. fracticornis, O. illyricus, O. taurus and O. vacca). Two types of tests were established. In test A, a large and a small male were placed with a single, medium-size female, in test B, a large and a small female were placed with a single large male. In controls one male was placed with one female. Individuals were maintained for 10 days. Then the enclosures were opened to assess the position of each beetle. When two mates were found in close vicinity or in the same tunnel provisioning dung, a co-operative behaviour was assumed. In competitive tests, small males and small females never cooperated with their potential mates whilst large and medium-size individuals often co- operated with mates inside the same tunnels. No differences in frequencies of co-operation were found between large and medium-size females. Small females and small males scarcely co- operated with large or medium-size mates in controls. These results suggest that large individuals outcompete the small ones. They also suggest that paternal investment depends on body size of both mates. Large males of all species assist medium-size and large females, whereas small males do not. However, large males do not invest much parental effort on small females that, in fact, are poorly, assisted. We assume that large individuals of both sexes are reproductively superior to small ones. The propensity of both small females and small males to excavate was lower than that of larger individuals, accordingly, digging capacity could be a proximate factor explaining facultative paternal investment in these species.},
	keywords = {ACUMINATUS COLEOPTERA, ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS, beetle, body size, BROOD CARE, co-operation, Dung beetles, investment, MALE HORN DIMORPHISM, MALE MORPHOLOGY, Onthophagus, paternal, reproduction, Scarabaeidae, TAURUS COLEOPTERA, VACCA COLEOPTERA},
	author = {Palestrini, C. and Rolando, A.}
}
@article {2212,
	title = {Plants, insects and birds in semi-natural pastures in relation to local habitat and landscape factors},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {10},
	number = {11},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1839-1863},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {S{\"o}derstr{\"o}m, B. and Svensson, B. and Vessby, K. and Glimskar, A.}
}
@article {2277,
	title = {Larval morphology and breeding behavior of the genus Pedaridium Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {94},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {596-604},
	abstract = {The third-instar larva and breeding behavior of Pedaridium almeidai Pereira and P. brasiliensis Ferreira \& Galileo are described using material collected at Sa ̃ o Paulo, Brazil, and, the third-instar larva of P. adisi (Ratcliffe) is redescribed. The most important morphological charac- teristics for larval stages are found in the epipharynx, the setation of the venter of the last abdominal segment, the endoskeletal lines of the anal lobes, the mandibles, and the respiratory plate of the thoracic spiracle. A key to the known larvae of the genus Pedaridium is also provided. Results show that P. almeidai is more similar to P. adisi than P. brasiliensis. The presence/absence of stridulatory areas on the mandibles, the form of the frontal suture, the form of the sensorial area of the antennae, the form of the molar and scissorial areas of the mandibles, and the different size and form of the lacinia suggest a possible polyphyly of the genus Pedaridium. Results con{\TH}rm the endocoprid breeding behavior of Pedaridium, which together with Trichillum, represents the most primitive breeding pattern of Scarabaeinae. In the species studied, there is neither food relocation nor brood ball construction. This primitive breeding behavior implies exploitation without modi{\TH}cation or relocation of the resource. Possible kleptoparasitism was observed in P. brasiliensis.},
	keywords = {Ateuchini, breeding patterns, Dung beetles, larval description, Scarabaeoidea, taxonomy},
	author = {Verdu, Jose R. and Galante, Eduardo}
}
@article {2281,
	title = {Habitat and weather affect reproduction and size of the dung beetle Aphodius fossor},
	journal = {Ecological Entomology},
	volume = {26},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have copy},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {430-435},
	abstract = {1. The influence of sun exposure and moisture on reproduction and size of a north temperate dung beetle Aphodius fossor was investigated. Adult beetles were added to cow pats that were either shaded or exposed and treated with different watering regimes. 2. After 26 days, more eggs and larvae were recovered from shaded and wetter pats than from exposed and drier pats. 3. At the end of the experiment, more beetles had developed in shaded and wetter pats, and these beetles were larger than those from exposed and drier pats. 4. There was no between-treatment difference in the ratio between adults in final sampling and larvae in first sampling. 5. It was concluded that exposure and moisture can influence both reproduction and size of A. fossor. It is suggested that weather may be a factor regulating reproduction in Aphodius not only through heat- or drought-induced mortality, as suggested earlier, but also by limiting the time available for egg laying. Further studies are needed to clarify this suggestion.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000171023100012},
	author = {Vessby, K.}
}
@article {2310,
	title = {A comparison of the development and survival of the dung beetle, Onthophagus taurus (Schreb.) when fed on the faeces of cattle treated with pour-on formulations of eprinomectin or moxidectin},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	volume = {99},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {155-168},
	abstract = {Faeces voided by 1-year old cattle at 3{\textendash}70 days after treatment with a pour-on formulation of moxidectin had no detectable effects on development or survival of the common dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. In contrast, faeces voided by cattle treated with a pour-on formulation of eprinomectin were associated with high juvenile mortality during the first 1{\textendash}2 weeks after treatment. Increased mortality also occurred among newly emerged beetles fed on faeces collected 3 days after eprinomectin treatment and there was evidence of suppressed brood production among those that survived. This effect was still apparent even after insects fed for a further 10 days on the faeces of untreated cattle. A model simulating the effects of drug residues on dung beetle populations suggests that in the absence of immigration a single treatment of eprinomectin is capable of reducing beetle activity in the next generation by 25{\textendash}35\%. Effects are likely to be greatest when treatment coincides with emergence of a new generation of beetles.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles, eprinomectin, Modelling, moxidectin, Pour-on formulations},
	author = {Wardhaugh, Keith G. and Longstaff, B. C. and Morton, R.}
}
