@article {1895,
	title = {Biology and ecology of Circellium bacchus (Fabricius 1781) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), a South African dung beetle of conservation concern},
	journal = {Tropical Zoology},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {185-207},
	abstract = {The dung beetle Circelliuin bacchus (Fabricius 1781) was once widespread in southern Abica but is now restricted to a few isolated fragments in the south of the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa, with the largest pop- ulation present in the Addo Elephant National Park (AENP). The beetles{\textquoteright} activity is governed by precipitation and temperature; 18-26 "C and high relative humid- ity favour activity. The beetles are generalist dung feeders and breeders but have clear preferences for elephant dung for feeding, and buffalo dung for breeding. Fecundity is the lowest recorded for a dung beetle, with a maximum of two but on average only one progeny produced per year. The species is unique amongst ball-rolling (ielecoprid) dung beetles in that females initiate, form and roll brood balls, something carried out exclusively by males in other species. The beetles are habitat specialisrs prefening dense undisturbed vegetation to more open, dis- turbed vegetation. The species should be considered rare because of its narrow geographical range, restricted biotope specificity and biological attributes. Fur- thermore, ii complies with most of the characteristics that increase its likelihood of endangerment or extinction and qualifies as "vulnerable" according to IUCN criteria of threatened species.},
	keywords = {Circellrum bacchus, conservation, ecology, scarab, vulnerable},
	author = {Kryger, U. and Cole, K. S. and Tukker, R. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1896,
	title = {Effects of cattle treatment with a cypermethrin/cymiazol spray on survival and reproduction of the dung beetle species Euoniticellus intermedius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {597-603},
	abstract = {In a bioassay to determine non-target ecotoxicological effects of a pyrethroid spray (Ektoban1) on dung beetles, dung from both cypermethrin/cymiazol- treated and control cattle was collected one, two, three, five, seven, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment and fed to a treatment and control group (respectively) of beetles of the species Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche). This was done to assess whether a spray formulation of cypermethrin may affect dung beetles differently than previously tested pour-on formulations. Following three beetle generations for two weeks each, the experiment retrieved no significant differences in adult or larval survival, egg production, fecundity and fertility between the control and treatment group. These results demonstrated that the used spray formulation of cypermethrin is likely to be far less detrimental to dung beetles than previously tested pour-ons.},
	keywords = {antiparasiticide, cymiazol, cypermethrin, Dung beetles, ecotoxicological effect, Euoniticellus intermedius, pyrethroid},
	author = {Kryger, U. and Deschodt, C. and Davis, A. L. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
@article {1897,
	title = {Effects of cattle treatment with a fluazuron pour-on on survival and reproduction of the dung beetle species Onthophagus gazella (Fabricius)},
	journal = {Veterinary Parasitology},
	volume = {143},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {380-384},
	abstract = {While resistance against many other classes of acaricides has been described, products containing benzoylphenyl urea are currently still successfully used against the pesticide-resistant blue tick (Boophilus decoloratus) in South Africa. In order to assess any adverse impact of these tickicides on the important dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) fauna, a bioassay was undertaken on the ecotoxicological effects of a fluazuron (benzoylphenyl urea) pour-on formulation (Acatak1) on the survival and reproduction of the African dung beetles species Onthophagus gazella (Fabricius). The experiment yielded no significant differences in adult or larval survival, egg production, fecundity and fertility between the control and treatment group following three beetle generations over. These results suggested that treatment of cattle with the fluazuron pour-on formulation Acatak1 was not detrimental to the selected dung beetle species in any notable way.},
	keywords = {Acaricide, Benzoylphenyl urea, Boophilus decoloratus, dung beetle, ecotoxicological effect, Fluazuron, Onthophagus gazella},
	author = {Kryger, U. and Deschodt, C. and Davis, A. L. V. and Scholtz, Clarke H.}
}
