@article {1385,
	title = {Interactions between dung, plants and the dung fauna in a heathland in northern Italy},
	journal = {Pedobiologia},
	volume = {43},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 58Cited References:      ANDERSON JR, 1984, J ECON ENTOMOL, V77, P133     BISTROM O, 1991, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V27, P53     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1976, AUSTR MEAT RES COMMI, V30, P1     BORNEMISSZA GF, 1970, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V10, P1     BREYMEYER A, 1974, EKOL POL, V22, P617     BRYAN RP, 1976, AUSTR J AGR RES, V27, P567     CALAFIORI MH, 1979, INFLUENCIA DICHOTOMI     CAMBEFORT Y, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P17     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P51     DEBIAGGI E, 1990, RIV PIEMONTESE STORI, V11, P3     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P97     DOUBE BM, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P255     DOUBE BM, 1990, ECOL ENTOMOL, V15, P371     DOUBE BM, 1988, ECOL ENTOMOL, V13, P251     ELLENBERG H, 1986, VEGETATION ECOLOGY C     FINCHER GT, 1986, BIOL CONTROL MUSCOID     FINCHER GT, 1981, J GA ENTOMOL SOC, V16, P316     FINCHER GT, 1975, J PARASITOL, V61, P759     FINCHER GT, 1973, J PARASITOL, V59, P396     GILLARD P, 1967, J AUST I AGR SCI, V33, P30     GUGLIELMETTOMUG.L, 1996, ALLIONIA, V34, P343     HALFFTER O, 1982, NESTING BEHAV DUNG B     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P5     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P375     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P475     HOLTER P, 1983, EARTHWORM ECOLOGY, P49     HOLTER P, 1988, HOLARCTIC ECOL, V11, P81     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOLTER P, 1979, OIKOS, V32, P393     HOLTER P, 1975, OIKOS, V26, P177     HUGHES RD, 1978, B ENTOMOL RES, V68, P361     HUGHES RD, 1985, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V24, P65     HUGHES RD, 1975, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V14, P129     KABIR SMH, 1985, BANGLADESH J AGR, V10, P49     KIRK AA, 1982, B ENTOMOL RES, V73, P129     KIRK AA, 1992, ENTOMOPHAGA, V37, P507     LAMARET JP, 1991, DRUG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P97     LUMARET JP, 1983, B SOC ENTOMOL FR, V88, P481     LUMARET JP, 1980, ECOL MEDIT, V5, P51     LUMARET JP, 1990, MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT     MACQUEEN A, 1975, CAN J PLANT SCI, V55, P961     MITTAL IC, 1993, TROPICAL ECOLOGY, V34, P150     NAKAMURA Y, 1975, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V15, P129     PAPP L, 1992, FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA H, V54, P107     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1988, B ENTOMOL RES, V78, P633     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1986, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V41, P83     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V32, P80     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1982, P 3 AUST C GRASSL IN     ROUGON D, 1981, AGECOP LIAISON, V59, P36     ROUGON D, 1988, REV ECOLOGIE BIOL SO, V25, P413     SALIN M, 1992, APPL STAT CON SPSS     SESTINI A, 1957, ITALIA FISICA     UREN SC, 1997, J APPL ECOL, V34, P208     VALIELA I, 1974, AM MIDL NAT, V92, P370     WASSMER T, 1995, ACTA OECOL, V16, P461     WATERHOUSE DF, 1974, SCI AM, V230, P100     ZUNINO M, 1994, ECOLOGY ETHOLOGY EVO, V6, P451EnglishArticle175KVPEDOBIOLOGIA},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {97-109},
	abstract = {The influence of the insect fauna on cattle dung degradation and the development of a natural vegetal community was studied during three successive summers in a heathland in northern Italy. In 1992 and 1993, small (864 cm(2)) rectangular iron sheet frames were placed on the ground and assigned to three experimental groups: one (Control) had no dung, the second contained an artificially made (0.5 kg) dung pat protected with a mesh in order to exclude insects, while the third group contained dung which was colonised by insects. Above-ground primary production within the cages was collected at regular intervals from June to September. Dung addition had a huge effect on plant growth in both years (+29-31 \%), in addition to this, in the first year, but not in the second, dung insects transferred to the soil an amount of organic material that also significantly stimulated (+14.5 \%) the external growth of the plants. We suggest that the difference between 1992 and 1993 could have been determined by different numbers of grazing cattle in the study area: in consequence of this, we hypothesise that dung insects populations were larger and more active in the first year compared with the second. In 1994, the role of the insect fauna on dung degradation was investigated in greater detail. The total dry matter decrease in dung attributable to the activity of the insect community, after 20 days from dung deposition, was 18.4 \% of the original dry weight; of that percentage, less than one third (5.8 \%) was related to underground nesting (paracoprid) beetles. Earthworms were not active in the season when our survey was carried out. We concluded that the dung insect fauna can influence dung degradation and the growth of a natural plant community occurring on an acidic and impoverished soil, but that these effects are only of minor importance. This seems to be a consequence of the low densities of dung beetles in the study area and the absence of large-sized paracoprid and telecoprid scarabaeid species.},
	keywords = {abundance, beetles coleoptera, bush fly, cattle dung, disappearance, dung degradation, dung fauna, earthworms, Europe, muscidae, plant growth, Scarabaeidae, sheep dung, vetustissima walker diptera},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000079093300001},
	author = {Borghesio, L. and Luzzatto, M. and Palestrini, C.}
}
@article {2096,
	title = {Body size and paternal invest ment in the genus Onthophagus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2001},
	note = {EnglishArticleNOV3J ZOOL},
	pages = {405-412},
	abstract = {During reproduction, dung beetles of the genus Onthophagus typically bury portions of dung removed from the dung pad. Even though females are capable of successfully constructing and provisioning nests when unaccompanied by males, extensive levels of co-operation between sexes have been reported. In some species, males show a clear dimorphism in body plan and only large horned males are known to assist females. In O. taurus this form of paternal investment is facultative and depends on social context (namely the presence of other males). We studied relationships between body size and paternal investment in five Onthophagus species (i.e. O. coenobita, O. fracticornis, O. illyricus, O. taurus and O. vacca). Two types of tests were established. In test A, a large and a small male were placed with a single, medium-size female, in test B, a large and a small female were placed with a single large male. In controls one male was placed with one female. Individuals were maintained for 10 days. Then the enclosures were opened to assess the position of each beetle. When two mates were found in close vicinity or in the same tunnel provisioning dung, a co-operative behaviour was assumed. In competitive tests, small males and small females never cooperated with their potential mates whilst large and medium-size individuals often co- operated with mates inside the same tunnels. No differences in frequencies of co-operation were found between large and medium-size females. Small females and small males scarcely co- operated with large or medium-size mates in controls. These results suggest that large individuals outcompete the small ones. They also suggest that paternal investment depends on body size of both mates. Large males of all species assist medium-size and large females, whereas small males do not. However, large males do not invest much parental effort on small females that, in fact, are poorly, assisted. We assume that large individuals of both sexes are reproductively superior to small ones. The propensity of both small females and small males to excavate was lower than that of larger individuals, accordingly, digging capacity could be a proximate factor explaining facultative paternal investment in these species.},
	keywords = {ACUMINATUS COLEOPTERA, ALTERNATIVE REPRODUCTIVE TACTICS, beetle, body size, BROOD CARE, co-operation, Dung beetles, investment, MALE HORN DIMORPHISM, MALE MORPHOLOGY, Onthophagus, paternal, reproduction, Scarabaeidae, TAURUS COLEOPTERA, VACCA COLEOPTERA},
	author = {Palestrini, C. and Rolando, A.}
}
