@article {1406,
	title = {Visual cues used by ball-rolling dung beetles for orientation},
	journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology a-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology},
	volume = {189},
	number = {6},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 3Cited Reference Count: 27Cited References:      BARTHOLOMEW GA, 1978, J EXP BIOL, V73, P65     BERNON G, 1981, THESIS U BOWLING GRE     BRANDON SGF, 1985, ILLUSTRATED ENCY MYT, P2488     BURKOW G, 1953, NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN, V2     CAMBEFORT Y, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY     CAMPAN R, 1997, ORIENTATION COMMUNIC     COLLETT M, 2000, BIOL CYBERN, V83, P245     COLLETT TS, 2000, CURR OPIN NEUROBIOL, V10, P757     FRAENKEL GS, 1961, ORIENTATION ANIMALS     FRANTSEVICH L, 1977, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V121, P253     GEISLER M, 1961, Z TIERPSYCHOL, V18, P389     HEINRICH B, 1979, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V52, P489     LEHRER M, 1996, J EXP BIOL, V199, P253     LEHRER M, 1997, ORIENTATION COMMUNIC     LEHRER M, 1998, J EXP BIOL, V201, P3275     MATTHEWS EG, 1963, PSYCHE, V70, P75     PARDI L, 1953, Z VERGL PHYSIOL, V35, P459     SATO H, 1987, ECOL ENTOMOL, V12, P415     SRINIVASAN MV, 1999, VISION RES, V39, P2749     TOMKINS JL, 1999, J ZOOL 4, V248, P483     TRIBE GD, 1975, S AFR J SCI, V71, P277     UGOLINI A, 1993, ETHOL ECOL EVOL, V5, P489     VONFRISCH K, 1967, DANCE LANGUAGE ORIEN     WATERMAN TH, 1989, ANIMAL NAVIGATION     WEHNER R, 1984, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V29, P277     YBARRONDO BA, 1996, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V69, P35     ZAR JH, 1996, BIOSTATISTICAL ANALEnglishArticleJ COMP PHYSIOL A698TV},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {411-418},
	abstract = {Ball rolling by dung beetles is considered to be a derived behaviour that evolved under pressure for space, and from competitors at the dung pat. Straight-line orientation away from the pat using a celestial cue should be the most successful rolling strategy to move dung to an unknown burial site. We tested this hypothesis in the field and the laboratory by presenting five species of ball-rolling beetles with different orientation tasks, involving reaction to obstacles as well as to reflected sunlight and artificial light sources. Beetles were found to consistently orientate along a chosen route, usually in the direction of the sun. Beetles rolling dung balls successfully negotiated barriers and returned to the original path as did beetles falling from ramps, or rotated about a fixed point while rolling a ball. The sun was found to be the main orientation cue, which could be substituted by reflected or artificial light. However, beetles reoriented themselves less accurately in response to lights in the laboratory, than they did to the reflected sun in the field. It is probable that phototactic orientation using the sun, which is widespread amongst arthropods, has been incorporated in the straight-line foraging behaviour that has evolved in ball-rolling dung beetles.},
	keywords = {celestial cue, foraging, insects, kheper nigroaeneus coleoptera, navigation, path integration, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, visual orientation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000184015600002},
	author = {Byrne, M. and Dacke, M. and Nordstrom, P. and Scholtz, C. and Warrant, E.}
}
@article {1460,
	title = {Lunar orientation in a beetle},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences},
	volume = {271},
	number = {1537},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 39Cited References:      ABLE KP, 1980, ANIMAL MIGRATION ORI, P283     ABLE KP, 1989, J EXP BIOL, V141, P241     BAKER RR, 1987, ANIM BEHAV, V35, P94     BATSCHELET E, 1981, CIRCULAR STAT BIOL     BISCH SM, 1999, THESIS RHEINISCHEN F     BLUM M, 2000, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V186, P119     BRINES ML, 1982, J EXP BIOL, V96, P69     BYRNE M, 2003, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V189, P411     DACKE M, 1999, NATURE, V401, P470     DACKE M, 2002, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V188, P211     DACKE M, 2003, J EXP BIOL, V206, P1535     DACKE M, 2003, NATURE, V424, P33     FERGUSON DE, 1965, COPEIA, V1, P58     FREAKE MJ, 1999, J EXP BIOL, V202, P1159     GAL J, 2001, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V106, P22647     HERZMANN D, 1989, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V165, P315     JANDER R, 1957, Z VERGL PHYSIOL, V40, P162     KERFOOT WB, 1967, ANIM BEHAV, V15, P479     LABHART T, 1980, J COMP PHYSL, V141, P19     LABHART T, 1986, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V158, P1     LABHART T, 1999, MICROSC RES TECHNIQ, V47, P368     LABHART T, 2001, J EXP BIOL, V204, P2423     LEUTHOLD RH, 1976, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V1, P127     MCINTYRE P, 1998, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V183, P45     NILSSON DE, 1987, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V161, P645     PARDI L, 1954, Z TIERPSYCHOL, V11, P175     SNYDER AW, 1973, J COMP PHYSL, V83, P331     SOTTHIBANDHU S, 1979, ANIM BEHAV, V27, P786     STRUTT JW, 1871, PHILOS MAG, V41, P107     TONGIORGI P, 1970, B MUS NAT HIST NATUR, V41, P243     UGOLINI A, 1996, BEHAV PROCESS, V36, P151     UGOLINI A, 1999, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V184, P9     UGOLINI A, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P749     UGOLINI A, 2003, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V270, P279     WATERMAN TH, 1981, HDB SENSORY PHYSL, V7, P281     WEHNER R, 1975, J COMP PHYSL, V104, P225     WEHNER R, 1984, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V29, P277     WEHNER R, 1989, J EXP BIOL, V146, P63     WEHNER R, 1994, FORTSCHR ZOOL, V39, P103EnglishArticlePROC ROY SOC LONDON SER B775EV},
	month = {Feb 22},
	pages = {361-365},
	abstract = {Many animals use the sun{\textquoteright}s polarization pattern to orientate, but the dung beetle Scarabaeus zambesianus is the only animal so far known to orientate using the million times dimmer polarization pattern of the moonlit sky. We demonstrate the relative roles of the moon and the nocturnal polarized-light pattern for orientation. We find that artificially changing the position of the moon, or hiding the moon{\textquoteright}s disc from the beetle{\textquoteright}s field of view, generally did not influence its orientation performance. We thus conclude that the moon does not serve as the primary cue for orientation. The effective cue is the polarization pattern formed around the moon, which is more reliable for orientation. Polarization sensitivity ratios in two photoreceptors in the dorsal eye were found to be 7.7 and 12.9, similar to values recorded in diurnal navigators. These results agree with earlier results suggesting that the detection and analysis of polarized skylight is similar in diurnal and nocturnal insects.},
	keywords = {beetles, compass, compound eye, crickets, dorsal rim area, Dung, dung beetle, light, moon, orientation, pattern, polarization, sandhoppers, Scarabaeus zambesianus, sensitivity, skylight polarization patterns, vision},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000189028500005},
	author = {Dacke, M. and Byrne, M. J. and Scholtz, C. H. and Warrant, E. J.}
}
