@article {1953,
	title = {Field effects of ivermectin residues on dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
	volume = {30},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {428-436},
	abstract = {1. The effects and the persistence of a single injection of ivermectin (lvomecR) to steers, at the recommended dose rate of 200 yg kg-{\textquoteright} body weight, were studied in spring field experiments (Spanish conditions). 2. Elimination of ivermectin by cattle (faecal route) was rapid (12 days), with a peak in day 5. The persistence of ivermectin in dropped dung was low under field conditions (<6 days). 3. The drug itself did not increase attraction of beetles to dung. The attraction of beetles to dung from treated animals increased after day 5 until day 17, beyond the time when ivermectin was available. The hypothesis made was that ivermectin modified the gut flora of treated cattle after the peak of elimination. Watering of pats did not influence results. 4. Ivermectin concentration in dung dropped on days 1and 10 post-treatment in- hibited the development of larvae of the dung-dwelling Diptera Neomyia cornicina. At the former concentration, it inhibited the development of the dung beetle Euoniticellus fulvus whereas, for the latter, a slight delay in development was observed. 5. The consequences of routine treatment of cattle with ivermectin on non-target organisms are discussed. The risks for the environment are different according to insect groups and countries, mainly due to differences in conditions of temperature and degradation of ivermectin.},
	keywords = {attraction, COLEOPTERA, diptera, Dung beetles, elimination, environmental risks., IVERMECTIN, persistence},
	author = {Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Galante, E. and Lumbreras, C. and Mena, J. and Bertrand, M. and Bernal, J. L. and Cooper, J. F. and Kadiri, N. and Crowe, D.}
}
@article {1669,
	title = {Comparison of Spatial Distribution Patterns of Dung-Feeding Scarabs Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Geotrupidae in Wooded and Open Pastureland in the Mediterranean Dehesa Area of the Iberian Peninsula},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {90-97},
	abstract = {The seasonal and spatial distributions of dung-feeding scarabs in an open pastureland and in wooded (holm oak) pastureland in a typical Mediterranean area of the western part of the Iberian Peninsula (Salamanca) were compared. Six pitfall traps baited with bovine dung were placed in each habitat according to a model by J. P. Lumaret. Only beetles in the families Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae were studied because they are the most for 1 yr produced 6,909 specimens. Of the 18 species found, the largest beetles and biomass were concentrated mainly in the wooded habitat, especially in the summer. This constitutes a problem for dung removal because large amounts of dung remain in open pasturelands, possibly resulting in the impoverishment of such areas.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung elimination seasonal distribution trapping, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-},
	author = {Galante, E. and Garcia, Roman M. and Barrera, I. and Galindo, P.}
}
@article {1670,
	title = {Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Geotrupidae) Attracted to Fresh Cattle Dung in Wooded and Open Pasture},
	journal = {Community and Ecosystem Ecology},
	volume = {24},
	number = {5},
	year = {1995},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {1063-1068},
	keywords = {cattle dung, Dung, dung beetle, ecology, habitat change mammals},
	author = {Galante, E. and Mena, Javier and Lumbreras, Carlos J.}
}
@article {2271,
	title = {Conservation strategy of a nature reserve in Mediterranean ecosystems: the effects of protection from grazing on biodiversity},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2000},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {1707-1721},
	keywords = {Dung beetles, endemicity, endemism, impact, invertebrate conservation mammals, Management, vascular plants},
	author = {Verdu, Jose and Crespo, Manuel and Galante, E.}
}
@article {2272,
	title = {Climatic stress, food availability and human activity as determinants of endemism pattersn in the Mediterranean region: the case of dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) in the Iberian Peninsula},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2002},
	note = {have copy and digital copy},
	pages = {259-274},
	keywords = {bioclimatic indices, climate, community assemblages mammals, Distribution, dung beetle, ecosystem, endemicity, food availability, human activity, Iberian Peninsula, patterns, Scarabaeoidae, stress},
	author = {Verdu, Jose and Galante, E.}
}
@article {2273,
	title = {Behavioral and morphological adaptations for a low-quality resource in semi-arid environments: dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) associated with the European rabbit (Oryctolagu cuniculus L.)},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {38},
	number = {6},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital and hard},
	pages = {705-715},
	keywords = {adaptation, arid ecosystem, Dung, dung beetle, endemism, mediterranean mammals, nesting behaviour, nesting pattern, rabbit},
	author = {Verdu, Jose and Galante, E.}
}
