@article {1326,
	title = {Impact of the activity of dung beetles (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae) inhabiting pasture land in Durango, Mexico},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {5},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copyhave copy},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1306-1312},
	abstract = {In this study, I analyzed the diversity of the dung beetle community (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in relation to its bovine dung-removal efficiency in a cattle ranch with a load of 250 animals currently under holistic resource management. A total of 3,430 individuals of 8 Scarabaeinae species was collected, of which 5 species are abundant in the area: Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche), Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius), Onthophagus mexicanus Bates, O. knulli Howden and Cartwright, and Canthon humectus (Say). Of these 5 species, E. intermedius, D. gazella, and C. humectus were dominant in terms of abundance and biomass. Cattle dung pats were exploited mostly within the first 48 h after deposition. The activity and abundance of dung beetles recorded in the study were insufficient to remove the amount of fresh dung deposited in cattle pastureland.},
	keywords = {assemblages, baited pitfall traps, cattle, diversity, dung beetle, Dung beetles, Durango, ecological function, ecosystem service, ecosystems, holistic resource management, insects, larvae, scarabaeoidea col communities},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000224606000022},
	author = {Sofia Anduaga}
}
@mastersthesis {1372,
	title = {Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) of North Carolina Cattle Pastures  and their Implications for Pasture Improvement},
	volume = {MS},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital},
	month = {2006},
	pages = {134},
	school = {North Carolina University},
	address = {Raleigh},
	keywords = {cattle, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, function, north america, nutrient mobilization, pasture},
	author = {Bertone, Matthew A.}
}
@article {1384,
	title = {Species composition of dung beetles in the primary and secondary forestes at Ton Nga Chan Wildlife Sanctuary},
	journal = {ScienceAsia},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copyhard copy},
	pages = {59-65},
	abstract = {The species composition of dung beetles in primary forest and secondary forest at Ton Nga Chang Wildlife Sanctuary, Songkhla province, southern Thailand, was compared. Traps baited with pig dung were placed along line transects running through the two forest types. Species diversity and abundance of dung beetles were examined every 2 months from April 1999 to May 2000. Species diversity of dung beetles was significantly higher in the primary forest than in the secondary forest. Seven out of 20 species were found exclusively in the primary forest, namely Microcopris reflexus, Oniticellus tessellatus, Onthophagus near pilularius, O. taeniatus, O. ventralis, O. sp.3 and O. sp.4. Differences in forest structure, native animals present, and physical factors were suggested to be the factors determining species composition in the two forests. More individuals were trapped in the dry season than in the wet season in both forest types. However, seasonal effects on species diversity were not found. Tiniocellus sarawacus and Microcopris reflexus, were recorded for the first time in Thailand. Onthophagus sp.1 and O. sp.2 are expected to be new to science. },
	keywords = {dung beetle, modification (biological conservation 2007), primary forest, secondary forest, species composition, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Boonrotpong, Singtoe and Sotthibandhu,  Sunthorn and Pholpunthin, Chutamas}
}
@article {1460,
	title = {Lunar orientation in a beetle},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences},
	volume = {271},
	number = {1537},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Times Cited: 2Cited Reference Count: 39Cited References:      ABLE KP, 1980, ANIMAL MIGRATION ORI, P283     ABLE KP, 1989, J EXP BIOL, V141, P241     BAKER RR, 1987, ANIM BEHAV, V35, P94     BATSCHELET E, 1981, CIRCULAR STAT BIOL     BISCH SM, 1999, THESIS RHEINISCHEN F     BLUM M, 2000, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V186, P119     BRINES ML, 1982, J EXP BIOL, V96, P69     BYRNE M, 2003, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V189, P411     DACKE M, 1999, NATURE, V401, P470     DACKE M, 2002, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V188, P211     DACKE M, 2003, J EXP BIOL, V206, P1535     DACKE M, 2003, NATURE, V424, P33     FERGUSON DE, 1965, COPEIA, V1, P58     FREAKE MJ, 1999, J EXP BIOL, V202, P1159     GAL J, 2001, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V106, P22647     HERZMANN D, 1989, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V165, P315     JANDER R, 1957, Z VERGL PHYSIOL, V40, P162     KERFOOT WB, 1967, ANIM BEHAV, V15, P479     LABHART T, 1980, J COMP PHYSL, V141, P19     LABHART T, 1986, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V158, P1     LABHART T, 1999, MICROSC RES TECHNIQ, V47, P368     LABHART T, 2001, J EXP BIOL, V204, P2423     LEUTHOLD RH, 1976, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V1, P127     MCINTYRE P, 1998, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V183, P45     NILSSON DE, 1987, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V161, P645     PARDI L, 1954, Z TIERPSYCHOL, V11, P175     SNYDER AW, 1973, J COMP PHYSL, V83, P331     SOTTHIBANDHU S, 1979, ANIM BEHAV, V27, P786     STRUTT JW, 1871, PHILOS MAG, V41, P107     TONGIORGI P, 1970, B MUS NAT HIST NATUR, V41, P243     UGOLINI A, 1996, BEHAV PROCESS, V36, P151     UGOLINI A, 1999, J COMP PHYSIOL A, V184, P9     UGOLINI A, 1999, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V266, P749     UGOLINI A, 2003, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V270, P279     WATERMAN TH, 1981, HDB SENSORY PHYSL, V7, P281     WEHNER R, 1975, J COMP PHYSL, V104, P225     WEHNER R, 1984, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V29, P277     WEHNER R, 1989, J EXP BIOL, V146, P63     WEHNER R, 1994, FORTSCHR ZOOL, V39, P103EnglishArticlePROC ROY SOC LONDON SER B775EV},
	month = {Feb 22},
	pages = {361-365},
	abstract = {Many animals use the sun{\textquoteright}s polarization pattern to orientate, but the dung beetle Scarabaeus zambesianus is the only animal so far known to orientate using the million times dimmer polarization pattern of the moonlit sky. We demonstrate the relative roles of the moon and the nocturnal polarized-light pattern for orientation. We find that artificially changing the position of the moon, or hiding the moon{\textquoteright}s disc from the beetle{\textquoteright}s field of view, generally did not influence its orientation performance. We thus conclude that the moon does not serve as the primary cue for orientation. The effective cue is the polarization pattern formed around the moon, which is more reliable for orientation. Polarization sensitivity ratios in two photoreceptors in the dorsal eye were found to be 7.7 and 12.9, similar to values recorded in diurnal navigators. These results agree with earlier results suggesting that the detection and analysis of polarized skylight is similar in diurnal and nocturnal insects.},
	keywords = {beetles, compass, compound eye, crickets, dorsal rim area, Dung, dung beetle, light, moon, orientation, pattern, polarization, sandhoppers, Scarabaeus zambesianus, sensitivity, skylight polarization patterns, vision},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000189028500005},
	author = {Dacke, M. and Byrne, M. J. and Scholtz, C. H. and Warrant, E. J.}
}
@article {1530,
	title = {Trophic preferences mediated by olfactory cues in dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {370-377},
	abstract = {Scarab beetles colonizing vertebrate feces are considered polyphagous insects, because they often use dung of several species. However, recent works have provided evidence for strong feeding preferences in some dung beetle species. The influence of dung odors in the process of resource selection by beetles has not received attention. The objective of this study was to investigate trophic preferences in Mediterranean dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung. The pattern of resource use by insects was studied using series of pitfall traps baited with cattle or horse dung in three different sites of south-central France. A total of 4,276 insects belonging to 39 species were captured. Cattle dung attracted more insects than horse feces (2,570 versus 1,706 individuals). Twenty-four of the 39 beetle species collected had clear feeding preferences for cattle dung (13 species) or horse dung (11 species). None of these species seemed linked exclusively to one kind of dung. The behavioral responses of seven scarab beetles to volatile compounds emitted by cattle and horse dung were compared in laboratory olfactometer bioassays. Three insect species (Aphodius erraticus, A. scrutator, Onthophagus vacca) were more attracted to volatile compounds from cattle dung. Two other species (Euonthophagus amyntas, Bubas bubalus) orientated preferentially toward horse dung volatiles. Except for two species, beetles were thus attracted to volatiles from the dung type they preferred in the field. The reasons why coprophagous beetles show local feeding preferences for particular dung types are discussed.},
	keywords = {bait, burial, capacity, cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, colonization, communities, dung beetle, Dung beetles, feces, food, horse dung, mammal mammals, olfactometer, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, trophic preferences},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220856500033},
	author = {Dormont, L. and Epinat, G. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1574,
	title = {Effects of the attractiveness for dung beetles of dung pat origin and size along a climatic gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {45-53},
	abstract = {Dung beetle (Coleoptera:Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) assemblages were monitored by dung-baited pitfall trapping at three sites distributed along a bioclimatic gradient from semiarid to mesic temperate. For each type of dung, both small and large sized baits were used. Under semiarid conditions{\textquoteright}(Morocco), three dung beetle assemblages were distinguished: small bait assemblages in any dung; large cattle bait assemblages; large sheep bait assemblages. Under more temperate conditions (southern France and the Alps), only large and small bait assemblages were observed, whatever the origin of the dung. Large baits attracted significantly more species and more beetles than did small baits, and very few species were attracted significantly more by either sheep or goat baits than by cattle baits. A significant, positive correlation between dung beetle size and dung pat size was observed in Morocco where the large species are predominant, whereas a negative relationship was observed in southern France where the small species are predominant. Cattle pats were more attractive for beetles under xeric and Mediterranean conditions (Morocco and southern France) that under cold temperate conditions (Alps).},
	keywords = {aphodius, assemblage composition, ba, baited pitfall traps, cattle, COLEOPTERA, colonization, dung beetle, GUILD, IVERMECTIN, mammal, patterns, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, scarabaeoidea col communities, spatial, trophic resource, variability},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000189311200006 },
	author = {Errouissi, F. and Haloti, S. and Jay-Robert, P. and Janati-Idrissi, A. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1695,
	title = {Resource limitation of nesting: Chance favors the prepared dung beetle},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {188-196},
	keywords = {dung beetle, dung resources mammals, morphology, nesting, physiology, trait information},
	author = {Gonzalez-Megias, A. and Sanchez-Pinero, F.}
}
@article {1809,
	title = {Fecundity and offspring survival of regarding Copris tripartitus Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) under laboratory rearing conditions},
	journal = {Coleopterists Bulletin},
	volume = {58},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	note = {need copy},
	pages = {501-507},
	keywords = {dung beetle, fecundity mammals},
	author = {Huerta, C. and Bang, H. S}
}
@article {2011,
	title = {Shifts in habitat associations of dung beetles in northern Spain: climate change implications},
	journal = {Ecoscience},
	volume = {11},
	number = {3},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {329-337},
	keywords = {climate change, dung beetle, habitat shifts, microclimate gradients, northern Spain},
	author = {Menendez, Rosa and Gutierrez, David}
}
@article {2088,
	title = {Dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) utilizing the materials other than dung},
	journal = {Nature and Insects},
	volume = {39},
	number = {9},
	year = {2004},
	note = {need copy- in Japanese},
	pages = {16-18},
	keywords = {dung beetle, food, mammal, resources mammals},
	author = {Ochi, T and Kon, M.}
}
@article {2231,
	title = {Loss of dung beetles puts ecosystems in deep doo-doo},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {305},
	number = {5688},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	pages = {1230-1231},
	keywords = {dung beetle, ecosystem services, fragmentation, function, lago guri, Neotropical, response, trond larsen},
	author = {Stokstad, Erik}
}
@article {2273,
	title = {Behavioral and morphological adaptations for a low-quality resource in semi-arid environments: dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) associated with the European rabbit (Oryctolagu cuniculus L.)},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {38},
	number = {6},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital and hard},
	pages = {705-715},
	keywords = {adaptation, arid ecosystem, Dung, dung beetle, endemism, mediterranean mammals, nesting behaviour, nesting pattern, rabbit},
	author = {Verdu, Jose and Galante, E.}
}
