@article {1848,
	title = {Seasonality and vertical structure of light-attracted insect communities in a dipterocarp forest in Sarawak [Malaysia]},
	journal = {Researches on Population Ecology},
	volume = {37},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {59-79},
	abstract = {Nocturnal flying insects were collected monthly for 13 months using ultra violet light-traps set at various vertical levels in a weakly-seasonal, tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. Abundance, faunal composition, size distribution and guild structure of these samples were analyzed with respect to temporal and vertical distributions. The nocturnal flying insect com- munity in the canopy level was highly dominated by fig wasps (84~) in individual number, and by scarabaeid beetles (28\%) in weight. A principal component analysis on monthly catches detected non-random, seasonal trends of insect abundance. The first two principal trends were an alternation of wetter (September to January) and less wet seasons (February to August) and an alternation be- tween the least wet (January to March) and the other seasons. Many insect groups were less abundant in the least wet season than the other seasons, whilst inverse patterns were found in Scarabaeidae and Tenebrionidae. Significantly positive and negative correlations between monthly catch and rainfall were detected only in ovule-feeders and in phloem-feeders, respectively. Delayed, significant negative correlations between monthly catch and 1-3 month preceding rainfall were more frequently detected in phytophages, phloem-feeders, seed-feeders, wood-borers and scavengers. The peak in abundance along vertical levels were found at the canopy level (35 m) for phloem-, ovule-, seed-, root-, fungal- feeders and nectar collectors, at an upper subcanopy level (25 m) for scavengers and aquatic predators, and at a middle subcanopy level (17 m) for ants. Catches at the emergent level (45 m) did not exceed those at the canopy level. },
	keywords = {Borneo, canopy, insect community, light-trap, seasonality in tropics, vertical distribution},
	author = {Kato, Makoto and Inoue, Tamiji and Hamid, Abang Abdul and Nagamitsu, Teruyoshi and Merdek, Mahamud Ben and Nona, Abdul Rahman and Itino, Takao and Yamane, Seiki and Yumoto, Takakazu}
}
@article {1849,
	title = {Various population fluctuation patterns of light-attracted beetles in a tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak},
	journal = {Population Ecology},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {97-104},
	abstract = {The population fluctuation pattern of light- attracted beetles was studied from August 1992 to Septem- ber 1998 (for 73 months) using ultraviolet light-traps set at three vertical levels in a tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. During our study, a general flowering occurred from April to July in 1996, and flowering on a small scale in 1997 and 1998. We analyzed the data for eight scarabaeid and six meloid species, some of which were anthophilous species. Various fluctuation patterns were observed among the beetle species in aspects of both seasonality and correlation with the supraannual pheno- logical pattern. Three large chafer species (Scarabaeidae, Melolonthini) showed a clear seasonal fluctuation pattern with a peak once from March to May every year, the peak monthly catch greatly fluctuating annually. Other scara- baeid beetles did not show such a clear seasonal population pattern and hardly fluctuated annually. Populations of an anthophilous scarabaeid species, Parastasia bimaculata, a specific pollinator of Homalomena propinqua (Araceae), hardly fluctuated, probably because of its response to the constant flowering of its floral hosts. Monthly catches of an anthophilous scarabaeid, Anomala sp., and meloid beetles showed clear supraannual patterns in response to the gen- eral flowering and were significantly correlated with the flowering intensity with or without a lag of a month. The fluctuation pattern of meloids suggests a supraannual popu- lation fluctuation pattern of their hosts, i.e., megachilid/ anthophorid bees. },
	keywords = {Borneo, General flowering, light-trap, Meloidae, Population dynamics, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Kato, Makoto and Itioka, Takao and Sakai, Shoko and Momose, Kuniyasu and Yamane, Seiki and Hamid, Abang Abdul and Inoue, Tamiji}
}
