@article {1409,
	title = {Estimating the number of species not yet described and their characteristics: the case of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 99Cited References:      *STATS INC, 1999, STATISTICA COMP PROG     AKAIKE H, 1983, B INT STAT I, V50, P277     ALLSOPP PG, 1997, J BIOGEOGR, V24, P717     ANDERSON MJ, 1998, AUST J ECOL, V23, P158     ARNETT RH, 1967, ANN ENTOMOLOGICAL SO, V60, P162     ARNONE M, 1993, NATURALISTA SICILI 4, V17, P271     ARNONE M, 1995, NATURALISTA SICILIAN, V19, P447     BARAUD J, 1992, COLEOPTERES SCARABAE     BARAUD J, 1985, COLEOPTERES SCARABAE     BARROWCLOUGH GF, 1992, SYSTEMATICS ECOLOGY, P1     BENNETT KD, 1991, J BIOGEOGR, V18, P103     BLACKBURN TM, 1995, J BIOGEOGR, V22, P7     BORCARD D, 1992, ECOLOGY, V73, P1045     CARPANETO GM, 1985, ANIMALIA, V12, P87     CARPANETO GM, 1997, ANN MUSEO CIVICO STO, V91, P511     CARPANETO GM, 1995, BIOGEOGRAPHIA, V18, P441     CARPANETO GM, 1995, COLEOPTERA POLYPHAGA, V5     CARPANETO GM, 1979, FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGI, V15, P111     CARPANETO GM, 1976, FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGI, V12, P255     CARPANETO GM, 1980, LAVORI SOC ITALIANA, V8, P675     CHIKATUNOV V, 1997, KLAPALEKIANA, V33, P37     COPAS JB, 1983, J ROY STAT SOC B MET, V45, P311     COTTERILL FPD, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V4, P183     CRAWLEY MJ, 1993, GLIM ECOLOGISTS     DANIEL C, 1980, FITTING EQUATIONS DA     DELLACASA G, 1981, ANN MUSEO CIVICO STO, V83, P443     DELLACASA G, 1992, FRUSTULA ENTOMOLOGIC, V15, P119     DELLACASA G, 1990, FRUSTULA ENTOMOLOGIC, V13, P19     DELLACASA M, 1995, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V74, P159     DELLACASA M, 1991, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V70, P3     DELLACASA M, 1988, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V67, P291     DELLACASA M, 1988, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V66, P1     DELLACASA M, 1988, MEMORIE SOC ITALIANA, V67, P1     DELLACASA M, 1987, NATURALISTA SICILI 4, V11, P1     DERKSEN S, 1992, BRIT J MATH STAT PSY, V45, P265     DIAMOND JM, 1985, NATURE, V315, P538     DOBSON A, 1999, INTRO GEN LINEAR MOD     FLATHER CH, 1996, J BIOGEOGR, V23, P155     FRANK JH, 1979, COLEOPTERISTS B, V33, P133     GASTON KJ, 1994, BIODIV LETT, V2, P16     GASTON KJ, 1995, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V4, P119     GASTON KJ, 1996, BIODIVERSITY BIOL NU     GASTON KJ, 1994, BIOL CONSERV, V67, P37     GASTON KJ, 1995, BIOL J LINN SOC, V55, P225     GASTON KJ, 1991, CONSERV BIOL, V5, P283     GASTON KJ, 1991, ECOL ENTOMOL, V16, P505     GASTON KJ, 1993, HYMENOPTERA BIODIVER     GASTON KJ, 1992, NATURE, V356, P281     GASTON KJ, 1993, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V251, P139     HAMMOND P, 1992, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY     HANSKI I, 1983, ACTA ENTOMOL FENN, V42, P36     HANSKI I, 1986, ACTA OECOL-OEC GEN, V7, P171     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HEARD SB, 2000, P ROY SOC LOND B BIO, V267, P613     HEWITT GM, 1996, BIOL J LINN SOC, V58, P247     HEYWOOD VH, 1995, GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY     HOLLANDE A, 1998, MONOGRAPH MUSEO REGI, V21     HUGHES JB, 1997, SCIENCE, V278, P689     ILLIES J, 1983, ANNU REV ENTOMOL, V28, P391     KRAL D, 1997, ACTA SOC ZOOLOGICAE, V61, P129     KRAL D, 1996, FOLIA HEYROVSKYANA, V4, P49     KRELL FT, 2000, NATURE, V405, P507     LAWTON JH, 1995, EXTINCTION RATES     LEGENDRE P, 1998, NUMERICAL ECOLOGY     LOBO JM, 2000, CAN ENTOMOL, V132, P307     LOBO JM, 1993, ECOL MED, V19, P29     LOBO JM, 1993, EUR J ENTOMOL, V90, P235     LOPEZCOLON JI, 1995, GIORNALE ITALIANO EN, V7, P355     LUMARET JP, 1987, ACTA ZOOL MEX, V24, P1     LUMARET JP, 1996, BIODIVERSITY LETT, V3, P192     LUMARET JP, 1996, COLLECTION PATRIMOIN, V26, P1     LUMARET JP, 1990, INVENTAIRES FAUNE FL, V1, P1     MACKAUER M, 1958, MEMORIE SOC ENTOMOLO, V37, P46     MACNALLY R, 2000, BIODIVERS CONSERV, V9, P655     MARTINPIERA F, 1992, NOUVELLE REV ENTOMOL, V9, P15     MAY RM, 1988, SCIENCE, V241, P1441     MAYR E, 1993, BIOL SYSTEMATICS STA     MCCULLAGH P, 1989, GEN LINEAR MODELS     MEDELLIN RA, 1999, CONSERV BIOL, V13, P143     MIELKE PW, 1974, WATER RESOUR RES, V10, P223     NETER J, 1985, APPL LINEAR STAT MOD     NICHOLLS AO, 1989, BIOL CONSERV, V50, P51     OBRIEN CW, 1979, COLEOPTERISTS B, V33, P151     PALMER M, 1988, REUNION CIENTIFICA S, V28, P155     PATTERSON BD, 1994, BIODIVERSITY LETT, V2, P79     PATTERSON BD, 2000, DIVERSITY DISTRIBUTI, V6, P145     PITTINO R, 1996, FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGI, V27, P355     PURVIS A, 2000, SCIENCE, V288, P328     QINGHONG L, 1995, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V85, P1587     SCHOLTZ CH, 1990, J NAT HIST, V24, P1027     SKIDMORE P, 1991, INSECTS BRIT COW DUN     SOBERON J, 1993, CONSERV BIOL, V7, P480     STEYSKAL GC, 1965, SCIENCE, V149, P880     SUTTON SL, 1991, CONSERVATION INSECTS, P405     TABERLET P, 1998, MOL ECOL, V7, P453     WHITE RE, 1979, COLEOPTERISTS B, V33, P167     WHITE RE, 1975, COLEOPTERISTS B, V29, P281     ZIANI S, 1997, B SOC ENTOMOLOGICA I, V128, P197     ZIANI S, 1997, BIOCOSME MESOGEEN, V14, P1EnglishArticle620EQBIODIVERS CONSERV},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {147-166},
	abstract = {To determine the degree of completion of Western Palaearctic dung beetle species inventory, as well as to ascertain some of the main geographical and morphological characteristics associated with the probability of new species description, the available taxonomic and biogeographic information of the three Scarabaeoidea families that are associated with dung was analyzed. An asymptotic fit of the cumulative number of described species is used to estimate the approximate number of species not yet described. Variation partitioning and hierarchical decomposition techniques were used to explore the influence of body size, geographical range size and geographical location variables on the process of species description. Results indicate that the inventories of Western Palaearctic Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae species are almost complete, but that around 16\% of Aphodiidae species have yet to be described. As the joint effect of geographical distribution and location is the main determinant of the species description rate in this family, it was predicted that new dung beetle species would be found in smaller areas of the southern and eastern Western Palaearctic region. The species body size accounted for a negligible fraction in the variation of the year of description. Both the geographical range size and the geographical location are essential variables negatively correlated with the year of species description, whose pure and combined effect can account for high percentages in the year of description variation (from 41 to 56\%). The location of most of the taxonomic workforce in areas where broader-ranged generalist species prevail in the assemblages is the probable reason for this pattern.},
	keywords = {accumulation functions, body-size, conservation, discovery, diversity, evolutionary history, extinction, geographic location, geographic range size, predi, probability, probability of, regression, species description rate, taxonomy, variation partitioning},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000179521400010},
	author = {Cabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1410,
	title = {Determinant variables of Iberian Peninsula Aphodiinae diversity (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Aphodiidae)},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1021-1043},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, climatic variables, diversity patterns, Dung beetles, environmental factors, historic factors, Iberian Peninsula, spatial structure},
	author = {Cabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1446,
	title = {Potential distribution modelling, niche characterization and conservation status assessment using GIS tools: a case study of Iberian Copris species},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {327-338},
	abstract = {Dung beetle populations, in decline, play a critical ecological role in extensive pasture ecosystems by recycling organic matter; thus the importance of their conservation status. Presence data available for Copris hispanus (L.) and Copris lunaris (L.) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) in Comunidad de Madrid (CM), and BIOMAPPER, a GIS-based tool, was used to model their environmental niches. The so derived potential distributions of both species were used to exemplify the utility of this kind of methodologies in conservation assessment, as well as its capacity to describe the potential sympatry between two or more species. Both species, distributed along a Dry-Mediterranean to Wet-Alpine environmental conditions gradient, overlap in areas of moderate temperatures and mean annual precipitations in the north of CM. Copris are poorly conserved in the existing protected sites network, but protection provided by new sites included in the future Natura 2000 Network will improve the general conservation status of these species in CM. =},
	keywords = {Copris, Dung beetle conservation, GIS predictive niche-modelling, Iberian Peninsula, Species distribution},
	author = {Chefaoui, Rosa M. and Hortal, Joaquin and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1587,
	title = {Altitudinal variation of dung beetle (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) assemblages in the Colombian Andes},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {327-337},
	keywords = {Altitudinal distribution, Colombian Andes, composition, diversity, Dung beetles, Scarabaeinae, species co-occurrence},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico and Lobo, Jorge M. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1588,
	title = {Assessing the origin of Neotropical mountain dung beetle assemblages (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): the comparative influence of vertical and horizontal colonization},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {1793-1803},
	keywords = {Colombian Andes, colonization, Dung beetles, elevational gradients, historical factors, mountain assemblages, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Escobar S. , Federico and Lobo, Jorge M. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1790,
	title = {Dung beetle geographic diversity variation along a Western Iberian latitudinal transect (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {93},
	number = {2},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {235-243},
	abstract = {To explore the richness and geographic turnover of dung beetle assemblages (Scar- abaeinae and Aphodiinae) inhabiting the Western Iberian peninsula, a latitudinal north{\DH}south transect was carried out in Portuguese territory. Estimators of alpha, beta, and gamma diversities were used, as well as the ratio Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae, which puts into evidence some dung beetle community spatial characteristics. Clustering methods were also used to ascertain relationships between biogeographical Portuguese regions and geographical patterns of species replacement. Although Scarabaeinae appears mainly responsible for overall and regional richness, Aphodiinae richness was rather low everywhere except for the southernmost plot of the transect investigated. The scarcity of Aphodiinae species is re{\ss}ected in the Scarabaeinae/Aphodiinae ratio, a score that is, however, clearly biased toward the Aphodiinae in almost all the Iberian Peninsula. For this reason the pairwise turnover in species composition between sites is mainly determined by the variation in Scarabaeinae species. Peaks of },
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, biogeography, Dung beetles, faunistic turnover, Portugal, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Hortal-Munoz, J. and Martin-Pierra, Fermin and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1917,
	title = {Modification in the dung beetles communities on highland grasslands of the Iberian Central System (Spain) along an altitudinal gradient},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie},
	number = {53},
	year = {1992},
	note = {1992ArticleSpanish; Non English},
	pages = {15-31},
	abstract = {The effect of a moderated altitudinal variation (500 m) on the dung beetle communities is studied in highland grasslands of the Iberian Central System. The more is the altitude the less is the richness of these communities. This decrease is more important in the warm south slope stations than in the north slope stations, since south slope grasslands are inhabited for a larger number of species with small populations, which are unable to colonize grasslands of the highest altitude. The Scarabaeidae species are the principal component of this latter group. However there is not an altitudinal variation in the abundance. In addition, north-slope dung beetle communities have a lesser number of species, but similar number of individuals and larger biomass. These results are in accordance with a density compensation pattern.},
	keywords = {altitudinal-distribution, Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera- (Coleoptera-), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Physiology-},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1921,
	title = {Species diversity and composition of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) assemblages in North America},
	journal = {Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {132},
	number = {3},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {307-321},
	abstract = {Data from 18 studies carried out on dung beetles from temperate North America (north of 25degree latitude) are compared to verify the existence of some geographical pattern in the variation of three parameters: (1) species number, (2) taxonomic composition, and (3) number of introduced species. Southern localities are characterized by a larger number of species and a significantly higher number of scarabaeine species than northern localities (only southern communities located inside the Chihuahuan desert do not conform to this pattern). To explain the latitudinal pattern in faunistic composition and number of species, historical factors are postulated. Foreign species of the tribe Aphodiini seem to be more frequent in the northern localities where more aphodiine native species occur. In contrast, foreign species of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are not more frequent in the southern localities with a greater number of native scarabaeine species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the more diverse assemblages of native dung beetle are more resistant to invasion by foreign species.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, biological-invasions, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetles (Coleoptera-), Insects-, introduced-species, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, North-America (Nearctic-region), species-diversity, taxonom},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1922,
	title = {Decline of roller dung beetle (Scarabaeinae) populations in the Iberian peninsula during the 20th century},
	journal = {Biological Conservation},
	volume = {97},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {43-50},
	abstract = {A historical compilation of data on roller dung beetle occurrence in the Iberian peninsula was examined for temporal changes between the first and second half of the 20th century. Analysis of changes in the relative frequency of database records, individuals and 10-km UTM cells where the beetles occurred showed a decline in the occurrence of nine of the eleven species. A comparison of latitudinal and longitudinal mid-points of the 10-km UTM cells where each species occurs indicated that the range of most roller dung beetles in the Iberian peninsula has also contracted. Before 1950 a significant, positive and curvilinear relationship was found between the number of roller dung beetles and the area of coastal environments (sea, dunes, beaches and marshes); while in the second half of the 20th century the number of "roller" species is positively correlated with artificial pastureland and scrub areas. It is suggested that urban development of the coastal zones for tourism since 1950 has probably contributed greatly to the disappearance of many roller populations. It is recommended that some of the more affected species of roller dung beetles should be considered for inclusion among protected invertebrates.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Iberian-Peninsula (Europe-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Palearctic, Population-Studies, roller-dung-beetle (Coleoptera-): Scarabaeinae-, Wildlife-Management (Conservation-)},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1923,
	title = {How does the knowledge about the spatial distribution of Iberian dung beetle species accumulate over time?},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {772-780},
	abstract = {Different distribution maps can be obtained for the same species if localities where species are present are mapped at different times. We analysed the accumulation of information over time for a group of dung beetle species in the Iberian Peninsula. To do this, we used all available information about the distribution of the group as well as data on selected species to examine if the process of discovery of species distribution has occurred in a climatically or spatially structured fashion. Our results show the existence of a well-defined pattern of temporal growth in distributional information; due to this, the date of capture of each specimen can be explained by the environmental and spatial variables associated to the collection sites. We hypothesize that such temporal biases could be the rule rather than the exception in most distribu- tional data. These biases could affect the weighting of environmental factors that influence species distributions, as well as the accuracy of predictive distribution models. Systematic surveys should be a priority for the description of species geographical ranges in order to make robust predictions about the consequences of habitat and climate change for their persistence and conservation. },
	keywords = {Biodiversity databases, collecting biases, distribution maps, Dung beetles, Iberian Peninsula, spatial distribution, species distribution ranges},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Baselga, Andres and Hortal, Joaquin and Jimenez-Valverde, Alberto and Gomez, Jose F.}
}
@article {1924,
	title = {An intercontinental comparison of dung beetle diversity between two mediterranean-climatic regions: Local versus regional and historical influences},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {5},
	number = {3},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {91-103},
	abstract = {The species richness of biological communities is influenced by both local ecological, regional ecological, and historical factors. The relative importance of these factors may be deduced by comparison between communities in climatically and ecologically equivalent, but geographically and historically separate regions of the world. This claim is based on the hypothesis that community processes driven by similar local ecological factors lead to convergence in species richness whereas those driven by differing regional or historical factors lead to divergence. An intercontinental comparison between the winter rainfall regions of South Africa and the Iberian Peninsula showed that overall species richness of dung beetles was dissimilar at local, subregional and regional scales in Scarabaeidae s. str. but similar at all scales in Aphodiinae. Removal of species widespread in the summer rainfall region of Africa or the temperate region of Europe (regional component) resulted in dissimilarit y in species richness of mediterranean endemics at all scales in both dung beetle taxa. However, the lines joining each set of species richness values were parallel which may indicate similarities in processes between different mediterranean climatic regions despite slight differences in latitudinal range. The dominant pattern of dissimilarity or non-convergence may be related primarily to intercontinental differences in regional biogeographical and evolutionary history (faunal dispersal, glaciation effects in relation to geographical barriers to dispersal, speciation history, long-term disturbance history). The limited pattern of similarity or convergence in overall species richness of Aphodiinae may be a chance result or primarily related to intercontinental similarities in local ecological factors.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Aphodiinae- (Coleoptera-), Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-), Iberian-Peninsula (Europe-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Population-Studies, Scarabaeidae- (Coleoptera-)},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Davis, Adrian L. V.}
}
@article {1926,
	title = {Convergences and divergences between two European mountain dung beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Animal Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {30},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {83-96},
	abstract = {We analyzed the altitudinal change in dung beetle species richness and the relative proportion of higher taxa, as well as the turnover in the type of distribution and range size of species in two mountain chains located at the two extremes of Europe (Western Rhodopes Mountains and the Iberian Central System). Both mountain ranges showed a clear substitution among higher taxa (Aphodiinae{\textendash}Geotrupinae vs. Scarabaeidae) and species richness variation with the altitude was similar. We suggest that East European dung beetle assemblages are conditioned by a horizontal colonization process in which mountains had been reached in relatively recent geological time by elements coming from different latitudes. In spite of these convergences, Rhodopes dung beetle assemblages are characterized by a significantly lower proportion of narrowly distributed species and a lower relevance of Aphodiinae species in lowland places. Although these divergences can be partially attributed to the dissimilar sampling effort accomplished in both regions, we suggest that the low number on narrowly distributed species could be due to the different role of these two mountain zones as refuges during glaciar{\textendash}interglaciar Pleistocene cycles.},
	keywords = {Altitudinal variation, Dung beetles, Iberian Central System, Refuges, Rhodopes mountain range, Scarabaeoidea},
	isbn = {1578-665X},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Gueorguiev, B. and Chehlarov, E.}
}
@article {1927,
	title = {Relaciones entre escarabajos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) y nidos de tuza (Rodentia: Geomydae): implicaciones biologicas y biogeograficas},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {62},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {1-9},
	keywords = {{\textquoteright}, association with rodents, nests, Onthophagus, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Halffter, Gonzalo}
}
@article {1929,
	title = {Los escarabeidos y geotrupidos de la comunidad de Madrid: lista de especies, distribucion geografica y patrones de diversidad (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Scarabaeidae y Geotrupidae},
	journal = {Graellsia},
	volume = {62},
	number = {numero ext},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {419-438},
	abstract = {In this work we summarize the main characteristics of Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) fauna inhabiting Comunidad de Madrid, including an upda- ted checklist of species as well as maps representing the observed and potential distri- butions of all species. Geographical variation in species richness, rarity or endemicity was also estimated, with a brief discussion on the geographical pattern obtained. },
	keywords = {checklist, Comunidad de Madrid, Dung beetles, endemicity, Geotrupidae, Iberian Peninsula, rarity, Scarabaeidae, Species distribution, species richness},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Hortal, Joaquin}
}
@article {1930,
	title = {Regional and local influence of grazing activity on the diversity of a semi-arid dung beetle community},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {111-123},
	abstract = {This study analyses the effect of resource availability (i.e. sheep dung) on dung beetle communities in an arid region of Central Spain, both at regional and at local scales. A total of 18 sites within 600 km2 were sampled for the regional analysis and 16 sites within the 30 km2 of an Iberian municipality were sampled for the local ana- lysis. Spatial and environmental characteristics of sampling sites were also compiled at both scales, including measures of grazing activity (livestock density at regional scale, and two counts of rabbit and sheep dung at local scale). At a regional scale, any environmental or spatial variable can help to explain the variation in abundance. However, species richness was related to summer precipitation and composition was related to elevation. At local scale, abundance is not significantly related to any of the environmental variables, but species richness was related to the local amount of sheep dung (27\% of variance). The amount of dung in a 2-km buffer around the site accounts for 27{\textendash}32\% of variance in abundance and 60{\textendash}65\% of variance in species richness. The presence of the flock with the highest sheep density explains 53\% of abundance variability and 73\% of species richness variance. A cluster analysis of localities identified two main groups, one characterized by a lower abundance and species richness that can be considered a nested subsample of the species-rich group. The mean and maximum amount of sheep dung in the sites separated by less than 2 km are the only significant explanatory variables able to discriminate both groups. These results suggest that grazing intensity (and the associated increase in the amount of trophic resources) is a key factor in determining local variation in the diversity and composition of dung beetle assemblages. However, dung beetle assem- blages are not spatially independent at the analysed resolution, and the amount of dung in the surroundings seems to be more important for locally collected species than the dung effectively found in the site. Although differences in the availability and quantity of trophic resources among nearby sites could be affecting the popula- tion dynamics and dispersion of dung beetles within a locality, sites with larger popu- lations, and greater species numbers would not be able to exercise enough influence as to bring about a complete local faunistic homogenization.},
	keywords = {Resource availability, Scarabaeidae, semi-arid ecosystems, sheep grazing activity, species richness determinants},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Hortal, Joaquin and Cabrero-Sanudo, Francisco-Jose}
}
@article {1931,
	title = {Modelling the species richness distribution for French Aphodiidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Ecography},
	volume = {27},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {145-156},
	abstract = {The species richness distribution of the French Aphodiidae was predicted using Generalized Linear Models to relate the number of species to spatial, topographic and climate variables. The entire French territory was studied, divided into 301 0.72 },
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Jay-Robert, Pierre and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre}
}
@article {1932,
	title = {Diversity, distinctiveness and conservation status of the Mediterranean coastal dung beetle assemblage in the Regional Natural Park of the Camargue (France)},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {257-270},
	abstract = {The Mediterranean region as a whole has the highest dung beetle species richness within Europe. Natural coastal habitats in this region are among those which have suffered severe human disturbance. We studied dung beetle divers- ity and distinctiveness within one of the most important coastal protected areas in the west Euro- Mediterranean region (the regional Park of Camargue, southern France) and made comparisons of dung beetle assemblages with other nearby Mediterra- nean localities, as well as with other coastal pro- tected area (Doñana National Park, Spain). Our finding showed that: (1) The species richness of coastal habitats in the Camargue is low and only grasslands showed a similar level of species rich- ness and abundance to inland habitats of other Mediterranean localities. The unique habitats of the coastal area (beaches, dunes and marshes) are largely colonized by species widely distributed in the hinterland. (2) In spite of their low general distinctiveness, dune and marsh edges are charac- terized by the occurrence of two rare, vulnerable, specialized and large roller dung beetle species of the genus Scarabaeus. As with other Mediterranean localities, current findings suggest a recent decline of Scarabaeus  populations and the general loss of coastal dung beetle communities in Camargue. (3) The comparison of dung beetle assemblages between the Camargue and Doñana shows that, in spite of the low local dung beetle species rich- ness in the Camargue, the regional dung beetle diversity is similar between both protected areas. Unique historical and geographical factors can explain the convergence in regional diversity as well as the striking divergence in the composition of dung beetle assemblages between both territories.},
	keywords = {Don, Dung beetles, insect coastal conservation, Mediterranean region, Scarabaeoidea, the Camargue, ̃ana},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Jay-Robert, Pierre}
}
@article {1937,
	title = {Spatial microdistribution of two introduced dung beetle species Digitonthophagus gazella (F.) and Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in an arid region of northern Mexico (Durango, Mexico)},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {71},
	year = {1997},
	pages = {17-32},
	keywords = {aggregation, arid region, covariation, dung beetle, introduced species, spatial distribution},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Montes de Oca, Enrique}
}
@article {1938,
	title = {Local distribution and coexistence of Digitonthophagus gazella (Fabricius, 1787) and Onthophagus batesi Howden and Cartwright 1963 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Elytron},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1994},
	note = {1994ArticleSpanish; Non English},
	pages = {117-127},
	abstract = {With data coming from two Mexican Neotropical localities, an analysis of the main niche dimensions of two potential competitors was carried out: an introduced Indoafrican species (D. gazella) and a native one (O. batesi). Both species show similar daily activity. They coexist in grasslands bordering on tropical forest opened for cattle activity. Results show spatial segregation at local level: both species inhabit open areas but O. batesi less so. This latter species also inhabits the forest, mainly at the edge zones. The possible causes of this spatial segregation along the environmental gradient could be related with a different detection capacity of the two species. Since their flying activity occurs at dusk and dawn, we suggest that the detection of humidity has an important role in the observed segregation. We propose that the adults colonize dung pats located in places with suitable environmental conditions that secure progeny survivorship. However. the possibility of competition between these species, cannot be ruled out. From a historic-evolutive perspective the coexistence of both species is recent. It is necessary to determine the spatial behavior of either species where the other one is missing. What happens with possible interactions in overlapping zones (edge-grassland) and studies about immigration-emigration rates from dung pats in these zones, where the two species coexist, are questions for future research.},
	keywords = {a, Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Behavior-, Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Digitonthophagus-gazella (Organisms-Unspecified), Ecology- (Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Onthophagus-batesi (Coleoptera-), Physiology-},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Montes, De Oca Enrique}
}
@article {1939,
	title = {Diversity and spatial turnover of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidae) communities in a protected area of South Europe (Donana National Park, Huelva, Spain)},
	journal = {Elytron},
	volume = {11},
	year = {1997},
	note = {1997ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {71-88},
	abstract = {Diversity and spatial turnover of the spring dung beetle community of Donana National Park (Huelva, Spain), one of the most important wildlife reserves in the Mediterranean area, were examined. The entire dung beetle community is estimated to comprise around 68 species. Coastal dunes and marsh proved to be the most singular habitats within Donana Reserve. Response of Scarabaeidae and Aphodiidae to habitat heterogeneity was different. Scarabaeidae fauna was highly homogeneous throughout the habitats whereas Aphodiidae showed higher rates of species turnover and some singular local communities, thus contributing to a greater extent to the regional diversity. Scarabaeidae family presents more ubiquitous species and lower values of beta diversity, so that its local and regional diversity converge. It is suggested that different adaptive strategies regard in resource partitioning (Scarabaeidae: tunnellers and ball-rollers; Aphodiidae: dwellers) can account for these differences. Although Donana National Park is home to a richer wild mammal fauna and non-human altered habitats, its dung beetle diversity is similar to that of other Spanish regions.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Aphodiidae- (Coleoptera-), Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Biodiversity-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Donana-National-Park (Spain-, dung-beetle (Coleoptera-): Scarabaeoidea-, Europe-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Palearctic-region):},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Sanmartin, Isabel and Martin, Piera Fermin}
}
@article {1955,
	title = {Geographic distribution of endemic dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) in the Western Palaeartic region},
	journal = {Biodiversity Letters},
	volume = {3},
	number = {6},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {192-199},
	abstract = {The distribution of endemic dung beetle species has been analysed in the West Palaearctic region (547spp.). These species are concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin or in the neighbouring regions, with two main centres of endemism located on opposite sides of thls Basin. The centres of endemism and the degree of endemicity were very different according to the three main dung beetle families. The possible explanation of these patterns has been examined.},
	keywords = {centres of endemism, COLEOPTERA, Dung beetles, endemic species distributions., Mediterranean region, Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1976,
	title = {New data and observations on kleptoparasitic behaviour in dung beetles from temperate regions (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {15-18},
	author = {Martin-Piera, Fermin and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {2286,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships of Iberian dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae): insights on the evolution of nesting behavior},
	journal = {Journal of Molecular Evolution},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {116-126},
	keywords = {iberian beetles, nesting behavior, onthophagini, Scarabaeinae},
	author = {Villalba, Soraya and Lobo, Jorge M. and Martin-Piera, Fermin and Zardoya, Rafael}
}
