@article {1314,
	title = {Effects of dung presence, dung amount and secondary dispersal by dung beetles on the fate of Micropholis guyanensis (Sapotaceae) seeds in Central Amazonia},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2001},
	note = {have copyand digital copy},
	pages = {61-78},
	keywords = {Amazonia, dung beetle, ecosystem services, function, regeneration mammals, seed dispersal, seed fate},
	author = {Andresen, Ellen}
}
@article {1445,
	title = {Seed fate of two Sapotaceae species in a Guianan rain forest in the context of escape and satiation hypotheses},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2004},
	note = {1773YUJ TROP ECOL},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1-9},
	abstract = {Seed removal by rodents was investigated for Manilkara huberi and Chrysophyllum lucentifolium in a French Guianan forest. According to the escape hypothesis, seed survival was expected to be greater in populations of low conspecific adult density, while on the contrary, under the satiation hypothesis, it was expected to be greater in populations of high density. The two plots under study showed opposite densities for the two studied tree species. Therefore, according to both hypotheses, seed survival at each plot was expected to be opposite between species. To assess seed fate, seeds were thread-marked in order to relocate them after removal and to determine whether they were consumed or scatterhoarded by rodents. Contrary to what was expected, our results showed that both M. huberi and C. lucentifolium had better survival in the same plot. This suggests that seed fate for both study species was not influenced by the density of conspecific adult trees, but was rather affected by other habitat characteristics, likely the global resource abundance. Variation in seed predation rates of both species seemed largely related to their respective fruiting period, while seatterhoarding rate seemed more affected by intrinsic seed characteristics.},
	keywords = {dung beetles forest function},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000188953600001},
	author = {Chauvet, S. and Feer, F. and Forget, P. M.}
}
@article {1477,
	title = {A dung beetle that feeds on fig: implications for the measurement of species rarity},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {13},
	number = {5},
	year = {1997},
	note = {5YC710J TROP ECOL},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {759-766},
	keywords = {abundance, birds, body length, Danum Valley, danum-valley, dispersal, dung beetle, feeding specialization, Ficus, fig, lowland dipterocarp forest, malaysia, number, pollinator, rain forest, rain-forest, rarity, specificity},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://A1997YC71000008},
	author = {Davis, A. J. and Sutton, S. L.}
}
@article {1703,
	title = {The insects of plant-held waters: a review and bibliography},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {241-260},
	abstract = { Phytotelmata habitats have been the focus of much research and are utilized by a wide variety of taxa. In the past 15 years numerous studies in many geographic regions and covering various types of phytotelmata have greatly increased our understanding of these unique habitats. The most recent summary of phytotelmata inhabitants included over 20 families of insects. A review of the literature and extensive work in lowland Ecuador shows the family level diversity is in fact at least twice that reported earlier. A reassessment of previous phytotel- mata classification schemes, as well as an extensive bibliography, is provided. },
	keywords = {aquatic insects, bract, bromeliads, Ecuador, phytotelmata, pitcher-plant, tree-holes},
	author = {Greeney, Harold F.}
}
@article {1761,
	title = {Habitat specificity and food preferences of an assemblage of tropical Australian dung beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1996},
	note = {need a copy},
	pages = {449-460},
	keywords = {beta diversity, dung beetle, habitat, mammal mammals, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Christopher J. Hill}
}
@article {1783,
	title = {Aggregation and coexistence of dung beetles in montane rain forest in deforested siters in central Peru},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {359-370},
	abstract = {The {\textquoteleft}aggregation model of coexistence{\textquoteright} predicts that a strong and independent aggregation of species across ephemeral resource patches promotes species coexistence and maintains diversity. This study examines the role of aggregation in maintaining tropical dung beetle diversity and the effects of deforestation on aggregation patterns and diversity loss. Using clusters of pitfall traps, dung beetle aggregation was quantified in natural and disturbed habitat at nested temporal and spatial scales in central Peru. The results indicate that dung was colonized by a greater number of species, many of which were large, leading to a higher total beetle biomass in forest habitat than in deforested, farm habitat. Beetles were intraspecifically aggregated at each spatial scale examined. Habitat-type (forest/deforested) had no effect on the intensity of intra- or interspecific aggregation. Analyses of aggregation patterns revealed that dung beetle assemblages in forest habitat were generally saturated whereas in deforested habitat they were unsaturated. In general, interspecific aggregation was too weak relative to intraspecific aggregation to explain the high diversity of species in forest habitat. Other mechanisms, including resource partitioning are likely to play a greater role in maintaining the diversity of dung beetle assemblages in the region. These results also indicate that the loss of species from disturbed habitat has not been due to a breakdown in the aggregation mechanism. },
	keywords = {Aggregation model, biodiversity, biomass, coexistence, community structure, deforestation, habitat change, Peru, Scarabaeidae, species richness},
	author = {Horgan, Finbarr G}
}
@article {1591,
	title = {Howler Monkeys Alouatta-Palliata Dung Beetles Scarabaeidae and Seed Dispersal Ecological Interactions in the Tropical Rain Forest of Los Tuxtlas Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {7},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Using Smart Source ParsingArticleEnglish},
	pages = {459-474},
	abstract = {The dispersal of seeds by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) and the activity of dung beetles in modulating the fate of the dispersed seed were studied at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Howlers consumed the fruits of 35 species of plants. The seeds of 28 of these were dispersed by the monkeys. The majority (.gtoreq. 90\%) of the seeds dispersed by monkeys were destroyed by rodents. Rapid relocation and burial of dung by dung beetles resulted in accidental relocation and burial of large number of seeds shortly after deposition. Faecal clumps (20 mg) remained on the ground for an average of only 2.5 h (range 1-3 h). Ball rolling beetles transported balls up to 5.0 m from the site of deposition (range 1-5 m). Burrowing and ball-rolling dung beetles buried seeds at depths ranging from 2.5 to > 12.0 cm. The deeper a seed is buried, the less likely it is to be found and eaten by rodents. Eighty percent of the species used by Alouatta as sources of fruit at Los Tuxtlas benefited by the dispersal and post dispersal service provided by howlers and dung beetles respectively. Seasonality in dung beetles abundance in the forest may influence the number of seeds per species escaping post-dispersal predation during the year. Dung beetles play not only an important ecological role in the recycling of matter and energy in the ecosystem, but also in the process of rain forest regeneration.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Animals-, Arthropoda-, Arthropods-, Cebidae-: Primates-, Chordata-, Chordates-, Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Insects-, Invertebrata-, Invertebrates-, Mammalia-, Mammals-, Nonhuman-Mammals, Nonhuman-Primates, Nonhuman-Vertebrat, Vertebrata-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond}
}
@article {1593,
	title = {Dung and carrion beetles in tropical rain forest fragments and agricultural habitats at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {5},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Sept., 1998ArticleEnglish},
	pages = {577-593},
	abstract = {At Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, presence of dung and carrion beetles, were sampled using baited pitfall traps, at the following habitats: isolated forest fragments, forest edges, plantations (coffee, cacao, mixed, citrus and allspice), live fences and pastures. A total of 14,269 beetles representing 36 species were captured. Onthophagus batesi, Canthon femoralis, Canthidium centrale, Copris laeviceps, O. rhinolophus and Deltochilium pseudoparile accounted for 75\% of the captures in the overall sample from 79 sites. Across forest fragments capture rates of species and individuals were associated positively to area and negatively to isolating distance. Rarefaction analysis showed that forest fragments were the most species-rich habitats followed by the mixed and cacao plantations, the forest edge, live fences and coffee, citrus and allspice plantations. Pastures were the least species-rich habitat. Horizontal and vertical diversity of the vegetation at the habitats studied influenced the species richness of dung and carrion beetles and the number of species in common between forest fragments and human-made habitats. A significant relationship existed between the number of non-flying mammals recorded at the study sites and the richness of species and individuals of dung beetles at the habitats investigated. The relevance of this information is discussed in the light of the ecological flexibility of dung and carrion beetle species and of possible conservation scenarios involving landscapes in which isolation of forest fragments is reduced by the presence in open areas of human-made vegetation such as plantations of cacao, coffee, cacao and coffee and live fences.},
	keywords = {Animalia-, Arthropoda-, beetle- (Coleoptera-): carrion-, Canthidium-centrale (Coleoptera-), Canthon-femoralis (Coleoptera-), Coleoptera-: Insecta-, Copris-laeviceps (Coleoptera-, dung-, Environmental-Sciences), Invertebrata-, Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond and Dadda, Alberto Anzures and Cammarano, Pierluigi}
}
@article {1594,
	title = {Dung beetles attracted to mammalian herbivore (Alouatta palliata) and omnivore (Nasua narica) dung in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1993},
	note = {have copy},
	pages = {45-54},
	keywords = {Alouatta, dung beetle, mammal mammals, Mexico, nasua narica, Scarabaeidae, tropical rainforest},
	author = {Estrada, Alejandro and Halffter, Gonzalo and Coates-Estrada, Rosamond and Meritt, Dennis}
}
@article {1610,
	title = {The role of clumped defecation in the spatial distribution of soil nutrients and the availability of nutrients for plant uptake},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 21Cited References:      ABRAMS MM, 1992, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V56, P1532     ALVAREZ E, 1986, INTERCIENCIA, V11, P325     ANDRESEN E, 2001, J TROP ECOL 1, V17, P61     ANDRESEN E, 2002, BIOTROPICA, V34, P261     BINKLEY D, 1983, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V47, P1050     BRIDGHAM SD, 2001, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V65, P259     COOPERBAND LR, 1994, SOIL SCI SOC AM J, V58, P105     ESTRADA A, 1984, AM J PRIMATOL, V6, P77     ESTRADA A, 1991, J TROP ECOL, V7, P459     FORDE B, 2001, PLANT SOIL, V232, P51     GILBERT KA, 1997, ANIM BEHAV 2, V54, P451     GOWER ST, 1987, BIOTROPICA, V19, P171     HUBER O, 1986, INTERCIENCIA, V11, P301     JULLIOT C, 1996, INT J PRIMATOL, V17, P239     MILTON K, 1980, PHYSIOL ZOOL, V53, P402     NAGY KA, 1979, OECOLOGIA, V39, P249     OSTERTAG R, 2001, ECOLOGY, V82, P485     SUBLER S, 1995, SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM, V27, P911     TAN KH, 1996, SOIL SAMPLING PREPAR     TERBORGH J, 1997, ECOLOGY, V78, P1494     VITOUSEK PM, 1986, ANNU REV ECOL SYST, V17, P137EnglishArticleJ TROP ECOLPart 1898NL},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {99-102},
	keywords = {Alouatta seniculus, anion-exchange, clumped defecation, Dung beetles, howler monkeys, Lake Guri, latrine, los-tuxtlas, membranes, monkeys alouatta-palliata, nutrient cycling, phosphorus, seed dispersal, tropical rain-forest, Venezuela, wild howler monkeys},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000227083400011},
	author = {Feeley, K.}
}
@article {1611,
	title = {Effects of Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae) on Seeds Dispersed by Howler Monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) in the French Guianan Rain Forest},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	year = {1999},
	note = {TY  - JOURM1  - Article type: Full Length Article / Full publication date: Mar., 1999 (199903). / Copyright 1999 Cambridge University Press},
	month = {1999/03},
	pages = {129-142},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	abstract = {The dispersal of seeds by howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) and the role of dung beetles in determining the fate of the dispersed seeds were studied at Nouragues Station, French Guiana, during three 2-mo periods (April-May, 1995-97). Howler monkeys were observed to disperse seeds of 47 plant species. Monkey dung attracted 57 species of dung beetles (Scarabaeidae), including tunnellers (maximum size 37 mm) and ball rollers (12.6 mm). The rate of seed burial was negatively correlated with seed size (10 plant species) and positively correlated with dung beetle size (six species of tunnellers). More than 80\% of small seeds (< 5 mm) and 30\% of large seeds (22 mm), were buried by the largest tunnellers. Dung beetles buried 13 to 23\% of seeds ranging 8-13 mm in width. The maximum average depth of burial was 28 cm and varied according to the species of dung beetle. The rate of disappearance of large dung clumps varied during the day and was completed by nocturnal dung beetles. Seeds of Chrysophyllum lucentifolium (Sapotaceae) buried at 5 and 10 cm depths did not suffer predation, but showed low germination success compared to seeds left at the soil surface. Dung beetles affected the survival and distribution of a portion of the seeds dispersed by monkeys, and their relative importance in shaping seed fate depended on seed and beetle size.},
	keywords = {Alouatta seniculus, Dung beetles, French Guiana, rain forest, Scarabaeidae, seed dispersal},
	isbn = {0266-4674},
	url = {http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0266-4674\%28199903\%2915\%3A2\%3C129\%3AEODB\%28O\%3E2.0.CO\%3B2-O},
	author = {Feer, Francois}
}
@article {1616,
	title = {Diel flight activity and ecological segregation within an assemblage of tropical forest dung and carrion beetles},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {21-30},
	abstract = {Temporal variation in activity of dung and carrion beetles in tropical forest is considered as a mechanism of ecological segregation between potentially competing species. We describe the diel flight activity of Scarabaeidae collected with baited pitfall traps at Les Nouragues field station in French Guiana. A total of 2663 individuals of 63 species was recorded, from the subfamilies Coprinae, Scarabaeinae and Aphodinae. Temporal guilds of diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular species were identified. Diurnal species were about twice as numerous and abundant as either nocturnal or crepuscular species. Two main activity patterns characterize the diurnal species while nocturnal and crepuscular species show overlapping activity. The association of activity rhythm with the other niche variables, food selection, functional group, body size and relative abundance, was analysed using multiple correspondence analysis. Small diurnal coprophagous species were opposed to large crepuscular necrophagous species. Species packing is suggested but further analysis showed that the variables were independent of one another. The temporal differentiation of species combined with separation along multiple niche dimensions and resource gradients may facilitate the coexistence of species assumed to be strongly affected by interspecific competition. },
	keywords = {competition, dung beetle, flight activity, French Guiana, niche segregation, Scarabaeidae},
	author = {Feer, Francois and Pincebourde, Sylvain}
}
@article {2001,
	title = {Influence of faeces on seed removal from gibbon droppings in a dipterocarp forest in Central Borneo},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {117-120},
	keywords = {Borneo, civet, Dung beetles, gibbon, Indonesia, rodent, seed predation, Sus barbatus},
	author = {McConkey, Kim R.}
}
@article {2086,
	title = {Dung beetles of the Kibale Forest, Uganda; comparison between virgin and managed forests},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1989},
	note = {have a copy},
	pages = {349-352},
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, conservation (biological conservation 2007), forest management, modification, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae, selective logging},
	author = {Matti Nummelin and Ilkka Hanski}
}
@article {2186,
	title = {Dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) diversity and community structure across three disturbance regimes in eastern Amazonia},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {9-19},
	author = {Scheffler, P. Y.}
}
@article {2203,
	title = {Dung beetles as secondary seed dispersers: impact on seed predation and germination},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {14},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Part 2},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {199-215},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000073634900006},
	author = {Shepherd, V. E. and Chapman, C. A.}
}
@article {2280,
	title = {Seasonality, dung specificity and competition in dung beetle assemblages in the Australian Wet Tropics, north-eastern Australia},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {2005},
	note = {PDF},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1-8},
	abstract = {A trapping study of five mammal species in wet sclerophyll forest adjacent to rain forest in the Australian Wet Tropics was used to examine the seasonal diversity, abundance and dung-specificity of dung beetles associated with mammal dung. A total of 542 dung beetles from I I species within three genera was recovered from beneath the traps of 1104 mammal captures. The diversity of beetles associated with the dung of the northern bettong (Bettongia tropica), a mycophagous marsupial, differed significantly from the diversity predicted by a null model. Numbers of beetles varied significantly with type of dung, indicating preference by beetles. Beetle numbers were related positively to a 1-mo lag in monthly mean minimum temperature and less strongly to maximum temperature and rainfall. Significantly more beetles per mammal capture were detected in the wet season than in the dry season. Dung beetles showed a strong preference for either the Eucalyptus woodland (six species) or the adjacent Allocasliarina forest (four species), with only one species occurring in both habitat types. Beetle species from the Eucalyptus woodland were typically only detected in the late wet and early dry seasons, while species in the wetter Allocasuarina forest were generally collected during the late dry and early wet seasons. A significant {\textquoteright}checkerboard{\textquoteright} species effect was detected in both time and space in both habitat types, suggesting that competition for dung was strong.},
	keywords = {Dung beetles},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000227083400001 },
	author = {Vernes, K. and Pope, L. C. and Hill, C. J. and Barlocher, F.}
}
@article {2318,
	title = {Seed dispersal and defecation patterns of Cebus capucinus and Alouatta palliata: consequences for seed dispersal effectiveness},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {535-543},
	abstract = {Primates are primary seed dispersers for many tropical tree species. Different species of primates vary considerably in ranging and feeding behaviour, seed processing, and in seed defecation patterns. Here we compare the role of two arboreal primate species, howlers (Alouatta palliata), and white-faced monkeys (Cebus capucinus) as seed dispersers in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. We found that Cebus produce smaller defecations, spend shorter times feeding per tree, have longer seed dispersal distances, and produce a more scattered pattern of seed deposition in the forest than Alouatta. In addition, Cebus moved more frequently between trees, and consumed fruits of more species than Alouatta. We examined the consequences of the contrasting defecation patterns produced by Cebus and Alouatta on the early seed fate of Acacia collinsii. We found that quantity, but not the identity (Cebus vs. Alouatta) of faecal material affected post-dispersal activity. Seeds in scattered faeces, sufficiently apart from each other (the common defecation pattern of white-faced monkeys), had higher short-term survival than seeds in clumped patterns of faeces (the pattern associated with Alouatta). },
	keywords = {Acacia collinsii, Alouatta palliata, Cebus capucinus, Costa Rica, defecation patterns, dispersal effectiveness, post-dispersal, primates, seed dispersal, seed removal, tropical dry forest},
	author = {Wehncke, Elisabet V. and Numa, Catherine and Dominguez, Cesar A.}
}
@article {2319,
	title = {Two-stage dispersal of Guarea glabra and G. kunthiana (Meliaceae) in Monteverde, Costa Rica},
	journal = {Journal of Tropical Ecology},
	volume = {15},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {481-496},
	keywords = {cloud forest, Costa Rica, germination, Guarea, scatterhoarding, secondary dispersal, seed predation},
	author = {Wenny, Daniel G.}
}
