@article {1514,
	title = {Estado del conocimiento y conservacion de los coleopteros Scarabaeoidea (Insecta) del estado de Hidalgo, Mexico},
	journal = {Acta Zoologica Mexicana (nueva serie)},
	volume = {22},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {57-108},
	abstract = {A faunistic and conservation-oriented analysis of the Scarabaeoidea beetles from the Hidalgo State, México is presented. Seven families with 95 genera and 276 species are recorded, of which five genera and six species are considered introduced. Fifteen species are cited for the first time for this state and 21 species are considered to be erroneously or doubtfully recorded for Hidalgo. Thus, Hidalgo is the fifth Mexican state with the highest number of Scarabaeoidea species. On the basis of estimates of species numbers of several biological groups, it is extrapolated that at least 100 species are missing to record from this state. According to the geographical distribution of the species, six groups are proposed (with the exception of introduced species): endemic from Hidalgo (13 spp.), endemic from México (104 spp.), North American (37 spp.), Central American (55 spp.), Latin American (32 spp.), and American (29 spp.). With respect to the vegetation types of the state, the coniferous forest has 92 species of which 37 are restricted to this forest, the oak forest 71 species and none are restricted, the cloud forest 108 species with 34 restricted, the tropical evergreen and semideciduous forests 108 species with 29 restricted, the tropical deciduous forest 69 species with one restricted, and the xerophilous scrub 52 species with 12 restricted. The distribution of the species by biogeographical provinces shows that 62.1 \% of the total species are exclusively located in the Sierra Madre Oriental, 13.8 \% in the Altiplano Mexicano, 3.8 \% in the Eje Neovolcánico Transmexicano and 1.9 \% in the Golfo de México. With regard to endemism of Hidalgo and México, the coniferous forest presents 60 species, the cloud forest 59 species, the oak forest 44 species, the tropical evergreen and semideciduous forests 16 species, the xerophilous scrub 13 species, and the tropical deciduous forest nine species. With regard to the four federal protected natural areas of the Hidalgo state, it is necessary to carry out a systematic faunal work at the Biosphere Reserve Barranca de Metztitlán, due to the lack of data of scarab beetles from this and many other arid and semiarid areas of México. It is also important to complete the faunal inventories of the areas with coniferous and oak forests, among them the National Parks Los Mármoles and El Chico. In addition, it is advisable to conduct supplementary collections in areas with tropical deciduous forest, since information on scarab beetles in this forest in Hidalgo state is scarce. On the basis of the high values of richness, endemism and restricted species numbers of the scarab beetles inhabiting the cloud forests, it is urgent to propose protected areas in the state of Hidalgo with this type of vegetation. It is also necessary to obtain more information on the eco-geographical distribution of scarab beetles from Hidalgo, in order to propose species into categories of risk. Likewise, the present-day number of protected natural areas is considered inadequate to preserve this insects group.},
	keywords = {COLEOPTERA, conservation, endemism, Hidalgo, Me, protected natural areas, Scarabaeoidea, taxonomic diversity, vegetation types, ́xico},
	author = {Delgado, Leonardo and Marquez, Juan}
}
@article {1530,
	title = {Trophic preferences mediated by olfactory cues in dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {2},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {370-377},
	abstract = {Scarab beetles colonizing vertebrate feces are considered polyphagous insects, because they often use dung of several species. However, recent works have provided evidence for strong feeding preferences in some dung beetle species. The influence of dung odors in the process of resource selection by beetles has not received attention. The objective of this study was to investigate trophic preferences in Mediterranean dung beetles colonizing cattle and horse dung. The pattern of resource use by insects was studied using series of pitfall traps baited with cattle or horse dung in three different sites of south-central France. A total of 4,276 insects belonging to 39 species were captured. Cattle dung attracted more insects than horse feces (2,570 versus 1,706 individuals). Twenty-four of the 39 beetle species collected had clear feeding preferences for cattle dung (13 species) or horse dung (11 species). None of these species seemed linked exclusively to one kind of dung. The behavioral responses of seven scarab beetles to volatile compounds emitted by cattle and horse dung were compared in laboratory olfactometer bioassays. Three insect species (Aphodius erraticus, A. scrutator, Onthophagus vacca) were more attracted to volatile compounds from cattle dung. Two other species (Euonthophagus amyntas, Bubas bubalus) orientated preferentially toward horse dung volatiles. Except for two species, beetles were thus attracted to volatiles from the dung type they preferred in the field. The reasons why coprophagous beetles show local feeding preferences for particular dung types are discussed.},
	keywords = {bait, burial, capacity, cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, colonization, communities, dung beetle, Dung beetles, feces, food, horse dung, mammal mammals, olfactometer, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, trophic preferences},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000220856500033},
	author = {Dormont, L. and Epinat, G. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1574,
	title = {Effects of the attractiveness for dung beetles of dung pat origin and size along a climatic gradient},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {33},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	note = {digital copy},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {45-53},
	abstract = {Dung beetle (Coleoptera:Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) assemblages were monitored by dung-baited pitfall trapping at three sites distributed along a bioclimatic gradient from semiarid to mesic temperate. For each type of dung, both small and large sized baits were used. Under semiarid conditions{\textquoteright}(Morocco), three dung beetle assemblages were distinguished: small bait assemblages in any dung; large cattle bait assemblages; large sheep bait assemblages. Under more temperate conditions (southern France and the Alps), only large and small bait assemblages were observed, whatever the origin of the dung. Large baits attracted significantly more species and more beetles than did small baits, and very few species were attracted significantly more by either sheep or goat baits than by cattle baits. A significant, positive correlation between dung beetle size and dung pat size was observed in Morocco where the large species are predominant, whereas a negative relationship was observed in southern France where the small species are predominant. Cattle pats were more attractive for beetles under xeric and Mediterranean conditions (Morocco and southern France) that under cold temperate conditions (Alps).},
	keywords = {aphodius, assemblage composition, ba, baited pitfall traps, cattle, COLEOPTERA, colonization, dung beetle, GUILD, IVERMECTIN, mammal, patterns, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, scarabaeoidea col communities, spatial, trophic resource, variability},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000189311200006 },
	author = {Errouissi, F. and Haloti, S. and Jay-Robert, P. and Janati-Idrissi, A. and Lumaret, J. P.}
}
@article {1575,
	title = {Composition and Structure of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae) assemblages in mountain grasslands of the Southern Alps},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {97},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	month = {July},
	pages = {701-709},
	abstract = {This study attempts to estimate the in{\ss}uence of local environmental conditions on dung beetle assemblages in a bioclimatic transition area. Dung beetle assemblages were monitored by monthly dung-baited pitfall trapping from July to October at {\TH}ve sites in the Southern Alps (Verdon Valley). The sites were characterized by both elevation (},
	keywords = {Aphodiinae, bioclimatic transition, Coprinae, European mountain, Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Errouissi, Faiek and Jay-Robert, Pierre and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Piau, Olivier}
}
@article {1926,
	title = {Convergences and divergences between two European mountain dung beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea)},
	journal = {Animal Biodiversity and Conservation},
	volume = {30},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {83-96},
	abstract = {We analyzed the altitudinal change in dung beetle species richness and the relative proportion of higher taxa, as well as the turnover in the type of distribution and range size of species in two mountain chains located at the two extremes of Europe (Western Rhodopes Mountains and the Iberian Central System). Both mountain ranges showed a clear substitution among higher taxa (Aphodiinae{\textendash}Geotrupinae vs. Scarabaeidae) and species richness variation with the altitude was similar. We suggest that East European dung beetle assemblages are conditioned by a horizontal colonization process in which mountains had been reached in relatively recent geological time by elements coming from different latitudes. In spite of these convergences, Rhodopes dung beetle assemblages are characterized by a significantly lower proportion of narrowly distributed species and a lower relevance of Aphodiinae species in lowland places. Although these divergences can be partially attributed to the dissimilar sampling effort accomplished in both regions, we suggest that the low number on narrowly distributed species could be due to the different role of these two mountain zones as refuges during glaciar{\textendash}interglaciar Pleistocene cycles.},
	keywords = {Altitudinal variation, Dung beetles, Iberian Central System, Refuges, Rhodopes mountain range, Scarabaeoidea},
	isbn = {1578-665X},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Gueorguiev, B. and Chehlarov, E.}
}
@article {1932,
	title = {Diversity, distinctiveness and conservation status of the Mediterranean coastal dung beetle assemblage in the Regional Natural Park of the Camargue (France)},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {257-270},
	abstract = {The Mediterranean region as a whole has the highest dung beetle species richness within Europe. Natural coastal habitats in this region are among those which have suffered severe human disturbance. We studied dung beetle divers- ity and distinctiveness within one of the most important coastal protected areas in the west Euro- Mediterranean region (the regional Park of Camargue, southern France) and made comparisons of dung beetle assemblages with other nearby Mediterra- nean localities, as well as with other coastal pro- tected area (Doñana National Park, Spain). Our finding showed that: (1) The species richness of coastal habitats in the Camargue is low and only grasslands showed a similar level of species rich- ness and abundance to inland habitats of other Mediterranean localities. The unique habitats of the coastal area (beaches, dunes and marshes) are largely colonized by species widely distributed in the hinterland. (2) In spite of their low general distinctiveness, dune and marsh edges are charac- terized by the occurrence of two rare, vulnerable, specialized and large roller dung beetle species of the genus Scarabaeus. As with other Mediterranean localities, current findings suggest a recent decline of Scarabaeus  populations and the general loss of coastal dung beetle communities in Camargue. (3) The comparison of dung beetle assemblages between the Camargue and Doñana shows that, in spite of the low local dung beetle species rich- ness in the Camargue, the regional dung beetle diversity is similar between both protected areas. Unique historical and geographical factors can explain the convergence in regional diversity as well as the striking divergence in the composition of dung beetle assemblages between both territories.},
	keywords = {Don, Dung beetles, insect coastal conservation, Mediterranean region, Scarabaeoidea, the Camargue, ̃ana},
	author = {Lobo, Jorge M. and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Jay-Robert, Pierre}
}
@article {1955,
	title = {Geographic distribution of endemic dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) in the Western Palaeartic region},
	journal = {Biodiversity Letters},
	volume = {3},
	number = {6},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {192-199},
	abstract = {The distribution of endemic dung beetle species has been analysed in the West Palaearctic region (547spp.). These species are concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin or in the neighbouring regions, with two main centres of endemism located on opposite sides of thls Basin. The centres of endemism and the degree of endemicity were very different according to the three main dung beetle families. The possible explanation of these patterns has been examined.},
	keywords = {centres of endemism, COLEOPTERA, Dung beetles, endemic species distributions., Mediterranean region, Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Lumaret, Jean-Pierre and Lobo, Jorge M.}
}
@article {1984,
	title = {Dimorfismo sexual en larvas de Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera)},
	journal = {m3m: Monografias Tercer Milenio},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2003},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {15-18},
	abstract = {A well defined sexual dimorphism is present in scarabaeoid larvae. Dimorphism was observed in late-age larvae of some species of Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Trogidae, Orphinidae, Dynastidae, Passalidae and Lucanidae. This dimorphism manifests itself in the presence of a terminal ampulla, a cuticular structure situated in the ventral region of the 9th abdominal segment which is only present in male specimens. In Scarabaeidae, sexual dimorphism was only observed in the pupae of six species. The terminal ampulla in Canthon cyanellus cyanellus LeConte (Scarabaeidae) is present in the male larvae apparently since the first instar, and changes morphologically during the next larva instars. Only a detailed study of the morphogenesis of the terminal ampulla during the larval and pupal stages could help to define exactly what structures of the ejaculatory bulb and aedeagus it will turn into in the adult stage.},
	keywords = {larvae, Scarabaeoidea, sexual dimorphism.},
	author = {Martinez M. , Imelda and Lumaret, Jean-Pierre}
}
@article {1636,
	title = {Experimental investigations of colonisation by north temperate dung beetles of different types of domestic herbivore dung},
	journal = {Applied Soil Ecology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 1Cited Reference Count: 33Cited References:      ASCHENBORN HH, 1989, ENTOMOL EXP APPL, V53, P73     BARBERO E, 1999, J INSECT CONSERVATIO, V3, P75     BISTROM O, 1991, ENTOMOL FENNICA, V2, P53     BREYMEYER A, 1975, B ACAD POLONAISE SB, V23, P173     DADOUR IR, 1996, ENVIRON ENTOMOL, V25, P1026     DANIEL WW, 1978, APPL NONPARAMETRIC S     EDWARDS PB, 1991, FUNCT ECOL, V5, P617     FINN JA, 1998, APPL SOIL ECOL, V10, P27     FINN JA, 2000, ECOGRAPHY, V23, P301     FINN JA, 1999, ECOL ENTOMOL, V24, P24     FINN JA, 1998, THESIS NATL U IRELAN, P199     GITTINGS T, 1998, ECOGRAPHY, V21, P581     GITTINGS T, 1997, ECOGRAPHY, V20, P55     GITTINGS T, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P455     GITTINGS T, 1994, THESIS NATL U IRELAN, P323     GREENHAM PM, 1972, J ANIM ECOL, V41, P153     HANSKI I, 1991, DUNG BEETLE ECOLOGY, P75     HIMMELSBACH W, 1993, THESIS FREIBURG     HIRSCHBERGER P, 1994, PEDOBIOLOGIA, V38, P375     HOLTER P, 1983, EARTHWORM ECOLOGY, P49     HOLTER P, 1979, ECOL ENTOMOL, V4, P317     HOLTER P, 1982, OIKOS, V39, P213     HOLTER P, 1979, OIKOS, V32, P393     KIELY J, 1984, SOIL SURVEY B FORAS, V38     LUMARET JP, 1993, J APPL ECOL, V30, P428     MACQUEEN A, 1986, J AUST ENTOMOL SOC, V25, P23     OLECHOWICZ E, 1974, ECOL POL, V22, P589     PALMER WA, 1983, PROT ECOL, V5, P153     RAINIO M, 1966, ANN ZOOL FENN, V3, P88     RASSI P, 1991, 30 MIN ENV, P328     RIDSDILLSMITH TJ, 1986, B ENTOMOL RES, V76, P63     SOWIG P, 1994, ZOOL JB SYST, V121, P171     TYNDALEBISCOE M, 1981, B ENTOMOL RES, V71, P137EnglishArticle578NGAPPL SOIL ECOL},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {1-13},
	abstract = {Field experiments investigated the colonisation by a north temperate dung beetle community (Aphodius, Geotrupes and Sphaeridium species) of artificial, standardised (11) dung pats from native herbivore species (cow, horse and sheep). An additional experiment compared the colonisation by dung beetles of five different types of cow dung. These experiments did not examine naturally occurring dung pats, but used experimental dung pats to examine the ability of north temperate dung beetles to discriminate among different dung types. A small number of laboratory experiments investigated pat residence times (PRT) and larval production across different dung types. There were significant differences in the biomass and abundance of dung beetle colonisation across different dung types. Sheep dung tended to have highest abundances of beetles, but there was evidence of species-specific differences in dung beetle colonisation of the different kinds of dung. In two out of three comparisons, laboratory experiments provided evidence that adult PRT were significantly different among different kinds of dung. In each of three laboratory experiments, larval production was significantly higher in sheep than cow dung pats of the same size. The relevance of these findings to the interpretation of what constitutes a dung type preference is discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {abundance, aphodius, assemblage, cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, colonisation, disappearance, dung beetle, Onthophagus, resource, resource utilization, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea, seasonal-changes, utilisation},
	url = {<Go to ISI>://000177123900001},
	author = {Finn, J. A. and Giller, P. S.}
}
@article {2089,
	title = {Historia de la Escarabaeidologia en el Ecuador},
	journal = {m3m: Monografias Tercer Milenio},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2003},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {9-14},
	abstract = {The history of Entomology in Ecuador is deeply related to Spain{\textquoteright}s socio-cultural heritage. Unlike other countries of the New World, which benefited from the flow of scientistis migrating from Europe escaping from the difficult situations of the last two centuries, our country was not affected by this contribution, thus remaining isolated from the entomological point of view. However, from 1800 to the present day, Ecuador has been the destination of several scientific expeditions and occasional visits of entomologists who contributed remarkably to the knowledge of the country{\textquoteright}s extraordinary scarabaeidological fauna.The main routes followed by scientists were: Guayaquil-Ventanas-Riobamba-Quito; Guayaquil-Molleturo-Cuenca; the inter- Andean Valley from Tulcán to Loja; Cuenca-Sigsig-Gualaquiza, and Baños-Puyo- Río Bobonaza-Río Pastaza up to Amazonía. Only in the last two decades, with the coming of the "oil age", have new routes of access to the Amazonian basin been opened. Entomological research was mainly funded by the countries of the Northen hemisphere and as a consequence the specimens were taken to the countries promoting entomological collections.Our Scarabaeoidea are in numerous foreign museums. Recently, in Ecuador have been established the QCAZ (Quito Católica Zoología) and MECN (Museo Ecuatoriano Ciencias Naturales) museums, which contain representative collections of Scarabaeoidea. Since 1980, the professional training of entomologists, who have contributed remarkably to the preparation of collections and analysis of specimens, has laid the foundations of the development of scarabeidology in our country. The chaotic growth of oil-related and agricultural activities, along with the construction of a capillary road network, has brought about the colonization of large areas and, as a consequence, the destruction of the natural habitat. It{\textquoteright}s urgent to intensify scarabeidological investigations in areas not yet explored, before our entomological richness disappears once and for all. It is extremely important also to rescue the scarabeoidological indigenous knowledge, which, although not included in the traditional scientific frame, certainly represents a great amount of ancestral wisdom and is a valuable heritage of mankind. },
	keywords = {bibliographical synthesis, COLEOPTERA, collections, Ecuador, explorations, Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Onore, Giovanni}
}
@article {2094,
	title = {Is there really a strong "follow-up" evolutionary background in herbivore dung utilisation by Scarabaeinae?},
	journal = {Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Zool. Reihe},
	volume = {77},
	number = {2},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {229-235},
	abstract = {According to their feeding habits and digestive system, herbivores produce dung of different quality and quantity. The availa- bility of these different dung types as feeding- and breeding sources for the dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) might be one of the key factors for their species richness. To enlighten the relationship between herbivorous dung type and its consuming dung beetles, an experiment was undertaken in the Kruger National Park (RSA). Five herbivore species with different feeding habits and different digestion systems and thus different dung types (grazers, intermediate feeding types. browsers; non-ruminants vs. ruminants) were selected and their dung analysed. Water content, coarse organic matter (particles >20 pm) and fine organic matter, the {\textquotedblleft}beetle food{\textquoteright} fraction (particles <20 pm) were investigated. A trapping experiment with dung baited pitfall traps revealed that elephant dung was the most preferred dung type (53\% of all individuals caught). followed by buffalo dung (29\%) and zebra dung (1 1 YO). The two pelleted dung types from impala and giraffe with 3\% each were less frequented. A first evaluation of the data demonstrates that the percentage of so-called {\textquotedblleft}modern{\textquotedblright} dung beetle species is relatively high for all five dung types (74\% -84\%). The percentage of {\textquotedblleft}intermediate{\textquotedblright} and {\textquotedblleft}old{\textquotedblright} species on the evolutionarily older coarse dung types does not appear to be strikingly higher. Within the {\textquotedblleft}modern{\textquotedblright} tribes of Scarabaeinae, the monophyletic Sisyphini show a clear trend towards the use of ruminant dung.},
	keywords = {dung types, food preference, herbivores, ruminants, Scarabaeoidea, sisyphini, {\textquotedblleft}follow up{\textquotedblright} evolution},
	author = {Paetel, Constanze}
}
@article {2277,
	title = {Larval morphology and breeding behavior of the genus Pedaridium Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)},
	journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America},
	volume = {94},
	number = {4},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {596-604},
	abstract = {The third-instar larva and breeding behavior of Pedaridium almeidai Pereira and P. brasiliensis Ferreira \& Galileo are described using material collected at Sa ̃ o Paulo, Brazil, and, the third-instar larva of P. adisi (Ratcliffe) is redescribed. The most important morphological charac- teristics for larval stages are found in the epipharynx, the setation of the venter of the last abdominal segment, the endoskeletal lines of the anal lobes, the mandibles, and the respiratory plate of the thoracic spiracle. A key to the known larvae of the genus Pedaridium is also provided. Results show that P. almeidai is more similar to P. adisi than P. brasiliensis. The presence/absence of stridulatory areas on the mandibles, the form of the frontal suture, the form of the sensorial area of the antennae, the form of the molar and scissorial areas of the mandibles, and the different size and form of the lacinia suggest a possible polyphyly of the genus Pedaridium. Results con{\TH}rm the endocoprid breeding behavior of Pedaridium, which together with Trichillum, represents the most primitive breeding pattern of Scarabaeinae. In the species studied, there is neither food relocation nor brood ball construction. This primitive breeding behavior implies exploitation without modi{\TH}cation or relocation of the resource. Possible kleptoparasitism was observed in P. brasiliensis.},
	keywords = {Ateuchini, breeding patterns, Dung beetles, larval description, Scarabaeoidea, taxonomy},
	author = {Verdu, Jose R. and Galante, Eduardo}
}
@article {2341,
	title = {A preliminary study on cow dung decomposition by Onthophagus lenzii Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): physical breakdown of organic matter},
	journal = {Edaphologia},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1990},
	note = {julio has hard copy to scandoesn{\textquoteright}t rreally pertain to anything we{\textquoteright}re working with here},
	pages = {43},
	keywords = {cattle dung, COLEOPTERA, dung beetle, ecological function, ecosystem service, Insecta, nitrogen mi, Onthophagus lenzii ( Scarabaeinae ) : Biological breakdown, physical breakdown of organic matter, Polyphaga, Scarabaeinae : Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeoidea},
	author = {Yokoyama, K. and Miyau, N.}
}
